The relevant mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)is discussed,and the application prospects of TAMs in reversing the tre...The relevant mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)is discussed,and the application prospects of TAMs in reversing the treatment tolerance of ICIs are discussed to provide a reference for related studies.As a class of drugs widely used in clinical tumor immunotherapy,ICIs can act on regulatory molecules on cells that play an inhibitory role-immune checkpoints-and kill tumors in the form of an immune response by activating a variety of immune cells in the immune system.The sensitivity of patients with different types of colorectal cancer to ICI treatment varies greatly.The phenotype and function of TAMs in the colorectal cancer microenvironment are closely related to the efficacy of ICIs.ICIs can regulate the phenotypic function of TAMs,and TAMs can also affect the tolerance of colorectal cancer to ICI therapy.TAMs play an important role in ICI resistance,and making full use of this target as a therapeutic strategy is expected to improve the immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.展开更多
Hydrate reservoirs are different from the host reservoirs of all other fossil energy sources because the characteristics of hydrate reservoirs are generally controlled by deep-sea fine-grained sedimentation. In such r...Hydrate reservoirs are different from the host reservoirs of all other fossil energy sources because the characteristics of hydrate reservoirs are generally controlled by deep-sea fine-grained sedimentation. In such reservoirs, the reliability of the classical logging evaluation models established for diagenetic reservoirs is questionable. This study used well W8 in the Qiongdongnan Basin to explore the clay content, porosity, saturation, and hydrate-enriched layer identification of a logging-based hydrate reservoir, and it was found that considering the effect of the clay content on the log response is necessary in the logging evaluation of hydrate reservoirs. In the evaluation of clay content, a method based on the optimization inversion method can obtain a more reliable clay content than other methods. Fine-grained sediment reservoirs have a high clay content, and the effect of clay on log responses must be considered when calculating porosity. In addition, combining density logging and neutron porosity logging data can obtain the best porosity calculation results, and the porosity calculation method based on sonic logging predicted that the porosity of the studied reservoir was low. It was very effective to identify hydrate layers based on resistivity, but the clay distribution and pore structure will also affect the relationship between resistivity, porosity and saturation, and it was suggested that the factors effecting the resistivity of different layers should be considered in the saturation evaluation and that a suitable model should be selected. This study also considered the lack of clarity of the relationships among the lithology, physical properties, hydrate-bearing occurrence properties, and log response properties of hydrate reservoirs and the lack of specialized petrophysical models. This research can directly help to improve hydrate logging evaluation.展开更多
The natural gas hydrate has been regarded as an important future green energy.Significant progress on the hydrate exploitation has been made,but some challenges are still remaining.In order to enhance the hydrate expl...The natural gas hydrate has been regarded as an important future green energy.Significant progress on the hydrate exploitation has been made,but some challenges are still remaining.In order to enhance the hydrate exploitation efficiency,a significant understanding of the effective thermal conductivity(ETC)of the hydrate-bearing sediment has become essential,since it directly controls the heat and mass transfer behaviors,and thereby determines the stability of hydrate reservoir and production rate.In this study,the effective thermal conductivities of various hydrate-bearing sediments were in-situ measured and studied.The impacts of temperature,particle size and type of sediment were investigated.The effective thermal conductivities of the quartz sand sediments before and after hydrate formation were in-situ measured.The results show the weak negative correlation of effective thermal conductivity of the quartz sand sediment on the temperature before and after the hydrate formation.The effective thermal conductivity of the hydrate-bearing sediment decreases with the increase of particle size of the sediment.The dominant effect of the type of porous medium on the characteristics of the effective thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediment was highlighted.The results indicate that both the effective thermal conductivities of hydrate-bearing quartz sand sediment and hydrate-bearing silicon carbide sediment are weakly negatively correlated with temperature,but the effective thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing clay sediment is weakly positively dependent on the temperature.In addition,the values of the effective thermal conductivities of various hydrate-bearing sediments are in the order of hydrate-bearing silicon carbide sediment>hydrate-bearing quartz sand sediment>hydrate-bearing clay sediment.These findings could suggest that the intrinsic thermal conductivity of porous medium could control the characteristics of effective thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediment.展开更多
文摘The relevant mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)is discussed,and the application prospects of TAMs in reversing the treatment tolerance of ICIs are discussed to provide a reference for related studies.As a class of drugs widely used in clinical tumor immunotherapy,ICIs can act on regulatory molecules on cells that play an inhibitory role-immune checkpoints-and kill tumors in the form of an immune response by activating a variety of immune cells in the immune system.The sensitivity of patients with different types of colorectal cancer to ICI treatment varies greatly.The phenotype and function of TAMs in the colorectal cancer microenvironment are closely related to the efficacy of ICIs.ICIs can regulate the phenotypic function of TAMs,and TAMs can also affect the tolerance of colorectal cancer to ICI therapy.TAMs play an important role in ICI resistance,and making full use of this target as a therapeutic strategy is expected to improve the immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.
基金funded by the Laboratory for Marine Geology,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.MGQNLM-KF202004)Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.422RC746 and 421QN281)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42106213)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2021M690161 and 2021T140691)the Postdoctorate Funded Project in Hainan Province.
文摘Hydrate reservoirs are different from the host reservoirs of all other fossil energy sources because the characteristics of hydrate reservoirs are generally controlled by deep-sea fine-grained sedimentation. In such reservoirs, the reliability of the classical logging evaluation models established for diagenetic reservoirs is questionable. This study used well W8 in the Qiongdongnan Basin to explore the clay content, porosity, saturation, and hydrate-enriched layer identification of a logging-based hydrate reservoir, and it was found that considering the effect of the clay content on the log response is necessary in the logging evaluation of hydrate reservoirs. In the evaluation of clay content, a method based on the optimization inversion method can obtain a more reliable clay content than other methods. Fine-grained sediment reservoirs have a high clay content, and the effect of clay on log responses must be considered when calculating porosity. In addition, combining density logging and neutron porosity logging data can obtain the best porosity calculation results, and the porosity calculation method based on sonic logging predicted that the porosity of the studied reservoir was low. It was very effective to identify hydrate layers based on resistivity, but the clay distribution and pore structure will also affect the relationship between resistivity, porosity and saturation, and it was suggested that the factors effecting the resistivity of different layers should be considered in the saturation evaluation and that a suitable model should be selected. This study also considered the lack of clarity of the relationships among the lithology, physical properties, hydrate-bearing occurrence properties, and log response properties of hydrate reservoirs and the lack of specialized petrophysical models. This research can directly help to improve hydrate logging evaluation.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U19B2005,21808238,U20B6005,22127812)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2800902).
文摘The natural gas hydrate has been regarded as an important future green energy.Significant progress on the hydrate exploitation has been made,but some challenges are still remaining.In order to enhance the hydrate exploitation efficiency,a significant understanding of the effective thermal conductivity(ETC)of the hydrate-bearing sediment has become essential,since it directly controls the heat and mass transfer behaviors,and thereby determines the stability of hydrate reservoir and production rate.In this study,the effective thermal conductivities of various hydrate-bearing sediments were in-situ measured and studied.The impacts of temperature,particle size and type of sediment were investigated.The effective thermal conductivities of the quartz sand sediments before and after hydrate formation were in-situ measured.The results show the weak negative correlation of effective thermal conductivity of the quartz sand sediment on the temperature before and after the hydrate formation.The effective thermal conductivity of the hydrate-bearing sediment decreases with the increase of particle size of the sediment.The dominant effect of the type of porous medium on the characteristics of the effective thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediment was highlighted.The results indicate that both the effective thermal conductivities of hydrate-bearing quartz sand sediment and hydrate-bearing silicon carbide sediment are weakly negatively correlated with temperature,but the effective thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing clay sediment is weakly positively dependent on the temperature.In addition,the values of the effective thermal conductivities of various hydrate-bearing sediments are in the order of hydrate-bearing silicon carbide sediment>hydrate-bearing quartz sand sediment>hydrate-bearing clay sediment.These findings could suggest that the intrinsic thermal conductivity of porous medium could control the characteristics of effective thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediment.
