一款紧致化妆品的功效评价方法研究

通过对以棕榈酰五肽-4为主要功能成分化妆品的功效进行评价,研究建立人体紧致功效评价方法体系。筛选31名20~50岁女性受试者,分别在使用产品0周、4周和8周,通过客观测试数据、图像方法及受试者自我评估方法对皮肤各项指标进行评估,采集受试者脸颊、眼角部位的皮肤弹性、皮肤真皮密度等参数,以及TPEF图像及SHG图像,并进行比较分析。结果显示,8周后皮肤弹性、真皮密度(P<0.001)及真-表皮链接指数(DEJI)(P<0.01)有显著变化,与受试者自我评分结果一致,表明方法之间具有相关性。该研究方法可为建立化妆品紧致功效评价方法体系提供技术支持。

A matrix metalloproteinase-responsive hydrogel system controls angiogenic peptide release for repair of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Vascular endothelial growth factor and its mimic peptide KLTWQELYQLKYKGI(QK)are widely used as the most potent angiogenic factors for the treatment of multiple ischemic diseases.However,conventional topical drug delivery often results in a burst release of the drug,leading to transient retention(inefficacy)and undesirable diffusion(toxicity)in vivo.Therefore,a drug delivery system that responds to changes in the microenvironment of tissue regeneration and controls vascular endothelial growth factor release is crucial to improve the treatment of ischemic stroke.Matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)is gradually upregulated after cerebral ischemia.Herein,vascular endothelial growth factor mimic peptide QK was self-assembled with MMP-2-cleaved peptide PLGLAG(TIMP)and customizable peptide amphiphilic(PA)molecules to construct nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK.PA-TIMP-QK was found to control the delivery of QK by MMP-2 upregulation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and had a similar biological activity with vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro.The results indicated that PA-TIMP-QK promoted neuronal survival,restored local blood circulation,reduced blood-brain barrier permeability,and restored motor function.These findings suggest that the self-assembling nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK may provide an intelligent drug delivery system that responds to the microenvironment and promotes regeneration and repair after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Junshanyinzhen tea extract prevents obesity by regulating gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia in high-fat diet fed rats

Obesity is associated with gut dysbiosis and metabolic endotoxin.Junshanyinzhen tea extract(JSTE)reduced fat accumulation and body weight in obese mice.However,the effects and mechanism of JSTE in preventing obesity were unclear.Therefore,we used different doses of JSTE(75,150 and 300 mg/(kg·day))to evaluate the effect on high-fat diet(HFD)-induced rats under 8 weeks of intervention.Here,our results showed that JSTE could significantly reduce body weight gain,blood lipid levels and fat accumulation,improve fatty damage in liver tissue(P<0.05).In addition,JSTE increased the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins(P<0.05),relieved metabolic endotoxemia(P<0.05)and chronic low-grade inflammation in HFD rats.Sequencing of fecal samples showed that JSTE could effectively reverse the microbial diversity and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes to normal levels in HFD-fed rats.Desulfovibrioceae and Erysipelotrichaceae,which are positively related to obesity,were decreased by JSTE intervention(P<0.05).while Bifidobacteriaceae,Bacteroidaceae,Akkermansia,and Clostridium,which are negatively related to obesity,were increased.Together,these results suggested that JSTE might effectively prevent obesity by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis,intestinal barrier dysfunction,metabolic endotoxemia and chronic low-grade infl ammation in HFD-induced rats.

Prediction of the Pore-Pressure Built-Up and Temperature of Fire-Loaded Concrete with Pix2Pix

Concrete subjected to fire loads is susceptible to explosive spalling, which can lead to the exposure of reinforcingsteel bars to the fire, substantially jeopardizing the structural safety and stability. The spalling of fire-loaded concreteis closely related to the evolution of pore pressure and temperature. Conventional analytical methods involve theresolution of complex, strongly coupled multifield equations, necessitating significant computational efforts. Torapidly and accurately obtain the distributions of pore-pressure and temperature, the Pix2Pix model is adoptedin this work, which is celebrated for its capabilities in image generation. The open-source dataset used hereinfeatures RGB images we generated using a sophisticated coupled model, while the grayscale images encapsulate the15 principal variables influencing spalling. After conducting a series of tests with different layers configurations,activation functions and loss functions, the Pix2Pix model suitable for assessing the spalling risk of fire-loadedconcrete has been meticulously designed and trained. The applicability and reliability of the Pix2Pix model inconcrete parameter prediction are verified by comparing its outcomes with those derived fromthe strong couplingTHC model. Notably, for the practical engineering applications, our findings indicate that utilizing monochromeimages as the initial target for analysis yields more dependable results. This work not only offers valuable insightsfor civil engineers specializing in concrete structures but also establishes a robust methodological approach forresearchers seeking to create similar predictive models.

Reliable ferroelectricity down to cryogenic temperature in wakeup free Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)thin films by thermal atomic layer deposition

The performance and reliability of ferroelectric thin films at temperatures around a few Kelvin are critical for their application in cryo-electronics.In this work,TiN/Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)/TiN capacitors that are free from the wake-up effect are investigated systematically from room temperature(300 K)to cryogenic temperature(30 K).We observe a consistent decrease in permittivity(εr)and a progressive increase in coercive electric field(Ec)as temperatures decrease.Our investigation reveals exceptional stability in the double remnant polarization(2P_(r))of our ferroelectric thin films across a wide temperature range.Specifically,at 30 K,a 2P_(r)of 36μC/cm^(2)under an applied electric field of 3.0 MV/cm is achieved.Moreover,we observed a reduced fatigue effect at 30 K in comparison to 300 K.The stable ferroelectric properties and endurance characteristics demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing HfO_(2)based ferroelectric thin films for cryo-electronics applications.

A Review of NILM Applications with Machine Learning Approaches

In recent years,Non-Intrusive LoadMonitoring (NILM) has become an emerging approach that provides affordableenergy management solutions using aggregated load obtained from a single smart meter in the power grid.Furthermore, by integrating Machine Learning (ML), NILM can efficiently use electrical energy and offer less ofa burden for the energy monitoring process. However, conducted research works have limitations for real-timeimplementation due to the practical issues. This paper aims to identify the contribution of ML approaches todeveloping a reliable Energy Management (EM) solution with NILM. Firstly, phases of the NILM are discussed,along with the research works that have been conducted in the domain. Secondly, the contribution of machinelearning approaches in three aspects is discussed: Supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and hybridmodeling.It highlights the limitations in the applicability of ML approaches in the field. Then, the challenges in the realtimeimplementation are concerned with six use cases: Difficulty in recognizing multiple loads at a given time,cost of running the NILM system, lack of universal framework for appliance detection, anomaly detection andnew appliance identification, and complexity of the electricity loads and real-time demand side management.Furthermore, options for selecting an approach for an efficientNILMframework are suggested. Finally, suggestionsare provided for future research directions.

Chaotic Map-Based Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol with Low-Latency for Metasystem

With the rapid advancement in exploring perceptual interactions and digital twins,metaverse technology has emerged to transcend the constraints of space-time and reality,facilitating remote AI-based collaboration.In this dynamic metasystem environment,frequent information exchanges necessitate robust security measures,with Authentication and Key Agreement(AKA)serving as the primary line of defense to ensure communication security.However,traditional AKA protocols fall short in meeting the low-latency requirements essential for synchronous interactions within the metaverse.To address this challenge and enable nearly latency-free interactions,a novel low-latency AKA protocol based on chaotic maps is proposed.This protocol not only ensures mutual authentication of entities within the metasystem but also generates secure session keys.The security of these session keys is rigorously validated through formal proofs,formal verification,and informal proofs.When confronted with the Dolev-Yao(DY)threat model,the session keys are formally demonstrated to be secure under the Real-or-Random(ROR)model.The proposed protocol is further validated through simulations conducted using VMware workstation compiled in HLPSL language and C language.The simulation results affirm the protocol’s effectiveness in resisting well-known attacks while achieving the desired low latency for optimal metaverse interactions.

Localization effect in single crystal of RuAs_(2)

We report the magnetotransport and thermal properties of RuAs_(2) single crystal.RuAs_(2) exhibits semiconductor behavior and localization effect.The crossover from normal state to diffusive transport in the weak localization(WL)state and then to variable range hopping(VRH)transport in the strong localization state has been observed.The transitions can be reflected in the measurement of resistivity and Seebeck coefficient.Negative magnetoresistance(NMR)emerges with the appearance of localization effect and is gradually suppressed in high magnetic field.The temperature dependent phase coherence length extracted from the fittings of NMR also indicates the transition from WL to VRH.The measurement of Hall effect reveals an anomaly of temperature dependent carrier concentration caused by localization effect.Our findings show that RuAs_(2) is a suitable platform to study the localized state.

Bowel preparation protocol for hospitalized patients ages 50 years or older:A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer progressively increase with age and become particularly prominent after the age of 50 years.Therefore,the population that is≥50 years in age requires long-term and regular colonoscopies.Uncomfortable bowel preparation is the main reason preventing patients from undergoing regular colonoscopies.The standard bowel preparation regimen of 4-L polyethylene glycol(PEG)is effective but poorly tolerated.AIM To investigate an effective and comfortable bowel preparation regimen for hospitalized patients≥50 years in age.METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to group 1(2-L PEG+30-mL lactulose+a lowresidue diet)or group 2(4-L PEG).Adequate bowel preparation was defined as a Boston bowel preparation scale(BBPS)score of≥6,with a score of≥2 for each segment.Non-inferiority was prespecified with a margin of 10%.Additionally,the degree of comfort was assessed based on the comfort questionnaire.RESULTS The proportion of patients with a BBPS score of≥6 in group 1 was not significantly different from that in group 2,as demonstrated by intention-to-treat(91.2%vs 91.0%,P=0.953)and per-protocol(91.8%vs 91.0%,P=0.802)analyses.Furthermore,in patients≥75 years in age,the proportion of BBPS scores of≥6 in group 1 was not significantly different from that in group 2(90.9%vs 97.0%,P=0.716).Group 1 had higher comfort scores(8.85±1.162 vs 7.59±1.735,P<0.001),longer sleep duration(6.86±1.204 h vs 5.80±1.730 h,P<0.001),and fewer awakenings(1.42±1.183 vs 2.04±1.835,P=0.026)than group 2.CONCLUSION For hospitalized patients≥50 years in age,the bowel preparation regimen comprising 2-L PEG+30-mL lactulose+a low-residue diet produced a cleanse that was as effective as the 4-L PEG regimen and even provided better comfort.

Review of deep ultraviolet photodetector based on gallium oxide

Ultraviolet(UV) photodetectors(PDs) have drawn great attention in recent years due to their potential application in civil and military fields. Because of its ultrawide bandgap, low cost, strong radiation hardness, and high thermal and chemical stability with high visible-light transparency, Ga_2O_3 is regarded as the most promising candidate for UV detection.Furthermore, the bandgap of Ga_2O_3 is as high as 4.7–4.9 eV, directly corresponding to the solar-blind UV detection band with wavelength less than 280 nm. There is no need of doping in Ga_2O_3 to tune its bandgap, compared to AlGaN, MgZnO,etc, thereby avoiding alloy composition fluctuations and phase separation. At present, solar-blind Ga_2O_3 photodetectors based on single crystal or amorphous Ga_2O_3 are mainly focused on metal–semiconductor–metal and Schottky photodiodes.In this work, the recent achievements of Ga_2O_3 photodetectors are systematically reviewed. The characteristics and performances of different photodetector structures based on single crystal Ga_2O_3 and amorphous Ga_2O_3 thin film are analyzed and compared. Finally, the prospects of Ga_2O_3 UV photodetectors are forecast.

电化学分析方法用于面膜中氯霉素现场快速检测

开发一种基于金纳米颗粒的便携式电化学传感器用于面膜中氯霉素现场快速分析。以电沉积的方式,采用沉积电位-0.6 V、沉积时间20 s,在便携式、可抛弃的丝网印刷电极表面沉积金纳米颗粒。结果显示,构建的负载金纳米颗粒的电化学传感器对氯霉素的电催化性能明显高于裸电极。实验考察了电解质溶液的pH,在较优条件下对不同浓度的氯霉素进行测定。结果显示,氯霉素浓度在0.02~0.5 mmol/L范围时,峰电流响应与氯霉素的浓度呈线性关系,方法的检出限为0.005 mmol/L。为了进一步评价方法的可行性,以市售面膜为实际样品进行添加回收实验。结果显示,三个添加水平下,氯霉素的添加回收率为106.01%~110.59%,相对标准偏差不大于3.66%(n=3)。结合手持式电化学工作站的无线蓝牙数据传输功能,可将现场检测结果实时传输至用户手机客户端,为面膜中氯霉素的现场快速筛查提供新的研究思路。

Plasma characteristics and broadband electromagnetic wave absorption in argon and helium capacitively coupled plasma

A one-dimensional self-consistent calculation model of capacitively coupled plasma(CCP)discharge and electromagnetic wave propagation is developed to solve the plasma characteristics and electromagnetic wave transmission attenuation.Numerical simulation results show that the peak electron number density of argon is about 12 times higher than that of helium,and that the electron number density increases with the augment of pressure,radio frequency(RF)power,and RF frequency.However,the electron number density first increases and then decreases as the discharge gap increases.The transmission attenuation of electromagnetic wave in argon discharge plasma is 8.5-dB higher than that of helium.At the same time,the transmission attenuation increases with the augment of the RF power and RF frequency,but it does not increase or decrease monotonically with the increase of gas pressure and discharge gap.The electromagnetic wave absorption frequency band of the argon discharge plasma under the optimal parameters in this paper can reach the Ku band.It is concluded that the argon CCP discharge under the optimal discharge parameters has great potential applications in plasma stealth.

脑梗死患者气管切开时机及其预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨脑梗死患者气管切开时机及其预后的影响因素。方法回顾性选取2015年9月至2022年9月萍乡市人民医院重症医学科收治的59例脑梗死患者为研究对象,根据气管切开时间将其分为早期组(n=35,机械通气7 d内实施气管切开)和晚期组(n=24,机械通气7 d后实施气管切开),比较两组患者格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、机械通气时长、气管切开持续时间及并发症发生率。根据脑梗死后气管切开患者28 d内的预后情况,进一步分为预后良好组和预后不良组,采用多因素logistic分析影响脑梗死患者气管切开预后的独立危险因素。结果早期组患者机械通气时长、ICU住院时间、抗生素使用时间均短于晚期组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);预后良好组患者年龄、基线NIHSS评分均低于预后不良组,GCS评分高于预后不良组,气管切开时间短于预后不良组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄>70岁(β=0.684,OR=1.982,95%CI=1.193~3.292)、基线NIHSS评分(β=0.694,OR=2.002,95%CI=1.125~3.562)、气管切开时间(β=0.794,OR=2.212,95%CI=1.179~4.150)是影响脑梗死气管切开患者预后不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论脑梗死患者早期气管切开可有效缩短机械通气时长、ICU住院时间、抗生素使用时间;年龄>70岁、基线NIHSS评分、气管切开时间是导致脑梗死患者不良预后的独立危险因素,对高龄及NIHSS评分异常患者应严密监护,并及早实施气管切开,对改善患者临床预后具有重要作用。

温度逆境胁迫对小麦粒重影响的研究进展

温度是影响小麦生长发育和产量品质形成的重要因素之一,而温度逆境胁迫对小麦粒重的影响与胁迫发生时期、胁迫强度、胁迫持续时间以及小麦品种抗性紧密相关。源、库、流是决定小麦产量的重要因素,温度逆境胁迫通过影响小麦源、库、流器官的运作,导致“源-库”失调,最终降低粒重。要提高小麦产量,必须强“源”、扩“库”、畅“流”。综述了温度逆境胁迫下小麦粒重形成的调控机制,主要包括温度逆境对小麦源、库、流等器官的影响,并从品种、播期播量、水肥运筹和化学调控剂等方面分析了不同栽培措施对小麦抗温度逆境的调控效应,以期为小麦生产的防灾减灾和可持续高质量发展提供理论支撑。

Assessment of strong earthquake risk in the Chinese mainland from 2021 to 2030

The long-term earthquake prediction from 2021 to 2030 is carried out by researching the active tectonic block boundary zones in the Chinese mainland.Based on the strong earthquake recurrence model,the cumulative probability of each target fault in the next 10 years is given by the recurrence period and elapsed time of each fault,which are adopted from relevant studies such as seismological geology,geodesy,and historical earthquake records.Based on the long-term predictions of large earthquakes throughout the world,this paper proposes a comprehensive judgment scheme based on the fault segments with the seismic gap,motion strongly locked,sparse small-moderate earthquakes,and apparent Coulomb stress increase.This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the relative risk for strong earthquakes that may occur in the coming 10 years on the major faults in the active tectonic block boundary zones in the Chinese mainland.The present loading rate of each fault is first constrained by geodetic observations;the cumulative displacement of each fault is then estimated by the elapsed time since the most recent strong earthquake.

原子分散Ru-P-Ru催化剂的制备及其在多类加氢中的高效应用

单原子催化剂以最大化的金属原子利用率和较好的选择性,成为近年来催化研究领域的热点,但在选择性加氢应用中常常由于缺电子的金属中心对底物/氢气的活化能力较弱导致其催化活性较低.因此,如何保持最大原子利用率和高选择性的同时,进一步提高活性对于升级单原子催化剂具有重要意义.本文通过浸渍-再分散策略,制备出原子分散的Ru-P-Ru催化剂.球差扫描透射电镜、X射线吸收精细结构谱等表征和理论计算结果表明,其金属活性位点为P桥连的Ru-P-Ru结构.制备了不同还原温度的对照催化剂,结合X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和原位程序升温还原联用质谱(H_(2)-TPR-MS)对催化剂的形成过程进行了详细研究.XPS结果表明,随着还原温度的升高,P掺杂介孔碳表面的高氧化态P物种被还原为具有强配位能力的C-P物种,为金属的再分散提供了合适的配位环境,同时,H_(2)-TPR-MS检测到载体表面部分P物种被还原为具有强Lewis碱性的PH_(3),PH_(3)与金属原子通过强Lewis酸碱相互作用可促进金属的再分散形成Ru-P-Ru结构.在邻苯二甲酸酐(PA)选择性加氢制备苯酞的反应中,相较于Ru纳米颗粒催化剂,Ru-P-Ru表现出了更高的选择性(≥98%),且活性(TOF)相较于P配位的Ru单原子催化剂提升了约9倍.实验表征(IR底物吸附和H_(2)-D_(2)交换实验)和理论计算(LDOS)研究表明,Ru-P-Ru的d电子中心更接近费米能级,促进了催化剂对底物的吸附活化,显著降低了加氢反应的表观活化能.此外,借助原位红外和理论计算对反应机理进行了研究,发现PA首先经过开环,然后-C=O加氢生成邻羧酸苯甲醇中间体,再分子内酯化关环得到目标产物苯酞.此外,Ru-P-Ru催化剂在取代邻苯二甲酸酐、芳香醛、喹啉的加氢和醛的还原胺化反应中,也均表现出较好的催化活性、选择性和稳定性.该浸渍-再分散制备策略还可以应用于制备Fe-P-Fe和Pt-P-Pt催化剂.综上,本文为研制具有杂原子配位结构的原子级分散金属催化剂以及通过调变结构调控催化活性提供了新思路.

Laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of NiTi shape memory alloys: a review

NiTi alloys have drawn significant attentions in biomedical and aerospace fields due to their unique shape memory effect(SME),superelasticity(SE),damping characteristics,high corrosion resistance,and good biocompatibility.Because of the unsatisfying processabilities and manufacturing requirements of complex NiTi components,additive manufacturing technology,especially laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),is appropriate for fabricating NiTi products.This paper comprehensively summarizes recent research on the NiTi alloys fabricated by LPBF,including printability,microstructural characteristics,phase transformation behaviors,lattice structures,and applications.Process parameters and microstructural features mainly influence the printability of LPBF-processed NiTi alloys.The phase transformation behaviors between austenite and martensite phases,phase transformation temperatures,and an overview of the influencing factors are summarized in this paper.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the mechanical properties with unique strain-stress responses,which comprise tensile mechanical properties,thermomechanical properties(e.g.critical stress to induce martensitic transformation,thermo-recoverable strain,and SE strain),damping properties and hardness.Moreover,several common structures(e.g.a negative Poisson’s ratio structure and a diamond-like structure)are considered,and the corresponding studies are summarized.It illustrates the various fields of application,including biological scaffolds,shock absorbers,and driving devices.In the end,the paper concludes with the main achievements from the recent studies and puts forward the limitations and development tendencies in the future.

多任务学习在分子性质预测中的对比研究

随着深度学习的快速发展,相关算法被广泛应用于量子化学计算领域以实现高效的分子设计及性质研究,其中,多任务学习方法通过挖掘分子性质之间的关系可以同时预测多个分子属性,然而此类研究目前较为有限.本文采用硬参数共享结构与损失函数加权方法来实现多任务分子性质预测.通过对比单任务基准与各类多任务模型在不同分子属性集上的性能,展示了多属性预测精度强烈依赖于属性间的关系,当关联变复杂时,硬参数共享可以提高预测精度,此外,恰当的损失函数加权方法有利于实现更均衡的多目标优化,使预测更准确.进一步的实验展示了多任务学习模型的计算效率优势及其在训练数据量受限时的预测性能优势.

CEMA-LSTM:Enhancing Contextual Feature Correlation for Radar Extrapolation Using Fine-Grained Echo Datasets

Accurate precipitation nowcasting can provide great convenience to the public so they can conduct corresponding arrangements in advance to deal with the possible impact of upcoming heavy rain.Recent relevant research activities have shown their concerns on various deep learning models for radar echo extrapolation,where radar echo maps were used to predict their consequent moment,so as to recognize potential severe convective weather events.However,these approaches suffer from an inaccurate prediction of echo dynamics and unreliable depiction of echo aggregation or dissipation,due to the size limitation of convolution filter,lack of global feature,and less attention to features from previous states.To address the problems,this paper proposes a CEMA-LSTM recurrent unit,which is embedded with a Contextual Feature Correlation Enhancement Block(CEB)and a Multi-Attention Mechanism Block(MAB).The CEB enhances contextual feature correlation and supports its model to memorize significant features for near-future prediction;the MAB uses a position and channel attention mechanism to capture global features of radar echoes.Two practical radar echo datasets were used involving the FREM and CIKM 2017 datasets.Both quantification and visualization of comparative experimental results have demonstrated outperformance of the proposed CEMA-LSTMover recentmodels,e.g.,PhyDNet,MIM and PredRNN++,etc.In particular,compared with the second-rankedmodel,its average POD,FAR and CSI have been improved by 3.87%,1.65%and 1.79%,respectively on the FREM,and by 1.42%,5.60%and 3.16%,respectively on the CIKM 2017.

化妆品控油功效评价方法研究进展

油性肤质人群颇受皮肤油腻的困扰,如易发生粉刺、毛孔粗大、皮肤粗糙、皮肤油腻、痤疮与脂溢性皮炎等问题。皮脂分泌受多种因素影响,控油机制复杂,化妆品控油功效需要进行多层面多维度的全面科学的评价。《化妆品分类规则和分类目录》将控油功效释义为“有助于减缓施用部位皮脂分泌和沉积,或使施用部位出油现象不明显”。《化妆品监督管理条例》要求化妆品的功效宣称应当有充分的科学依据。文章从皮脂分泌的基本机理入手,阐述了化妆品控油功效宣称的国内外法规要求、控油化妆品作用机制、化妆品控油功效评价方法和研究进展,并对更全面的化妆品控油功效评价体系的建立提出了展望。