水凝胶在腐蚀防护领域应用进展综述

水凝胶材料由于其独特的含水交联网络结构,具有优越的亲水、润滑、耐磨、生物相容等特性,是近年来发展极为迅速的高分子材料之一,被广泛用于药物传输、软体机器人、可植入器官、传感器等生物医学等工程领域。在腐蚀防护领域,水凝胶材料由于其独特性质逐渐受到学者的关注,成为了新兴腐蚀防护材料之一。通过文献综述的方法,对化学交联法与物理交联法两种水凝胶的主要制备方法进行对比,对两种方法制备的水凝胶材料的结构和性质进行了对比,进一步分析了水凝胶材料具有的独特性质,及其在腐蚀防护领域的应用潜力。其中化学交联制备出的水凝胶,其稳定性好,力学强度高,具有良好的耐磨防污性,可制备出性能优异的海洋防污涂层。物理交联制备的水凝胶由于其内部具有三维网络空间结构可负载缓蚀剂,且其内部存在大量的动态可逆键,具有环境响应性,能随着环境pH、温度等变化而改变自身溶胀程度,从而改变负载在水凝胶中的缓蚀剂的释放速率。因此,对比传统固体缓蚀剂和液体缓蚀剂,水凝胶智能缓蚀剂对金属有着更长效的腐蚀防护性能,具有良好的应用前景。根据水凝胶材料的独特性质,着重分析了水凝胶材料在腐蚀防护领域的应用现状,并对研究前景进行了分析。目前制备水凝胶涂层多经过表面预处理、配制预凝胶溶液、交联固化等步骤,并且水凝胶涂料可在不同材料、形状基底上进行涂覆,为水凝胶防腐涂层的发展奠定了基础。

Effect of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit Dy10 on wheat dough properties and end-use quality

High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GSs) are the most critical grain storage proteins that determine the unique processing qualities of wheat. Although it is a part of the superior HMW-GS pair(Dx5+Dy10), the contribution of the Dy10 subunit to wheat processing quality remains unclear. In this study, we elucidated the effect of Dy10 on wheat processing quality by generating and analyzing a deletion mutant(with the Dy10-null allele), and by elucidating the changes to wheat flour following the incorporation of purified Dy10. The Dy10-null allele was transcribed normally,but the Dy10 subunit was lacking. These findings implied that the Dy10-null allele reduced the glutenin:gliadin ratio and negatively affected dough strength(i.e., Zeleny sedimentation value, gluten index, and dough development and stability times) and the bread-making quality;however, it positively affected the biscuit-making quality. The incorporation of various amounts of purified Dy10 into wheat flour had a detrimental effect on biscuit-making quality. The results of this study demonstrate that the Dy10 subunit is essential for maintaining wheat dough strength. Furthermore, the Dy10-null allele may be exploited by soft wheat breeding programs.

顶空气相色谱和顶空气相色谱-质谱法测定20种中药材中磷化铝的残留量

目的建立20种中药材、中药饮片中磷化铝残留量的顶空气相色谱(HSGC)定量检验和顶空气相色谱-质谱法(HSGCMS)定性检验方法。方法定量分析采用Agilent HP-PLOT/Q-PT毛细管柱,火焰光度检测器(FPD),以峰面积为依据,用外标法进行分析;定性分析采用Agilent HP-PLOT/Q-PT毛细管柱,质谱检测器,以保留时间、质谱特征离子碎片峰和相对丰度比作为定性判断依据。结果定量分析中磷化铝(以磷化氢计)在1~50 ng内与测定值呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9966),回收率为82.3%~88.9%。样品检测发现20种中药材中部分批次检出磷化氢。结论本法专属性好、灵敏度高,可用于中药材、中药饮片中磷化铝残留量的检测。

甲状腺癌组织中NF-κB、HMGB1表达

目的分析甲状腺癌(TC)组织中核因子(NF)-κB、高迁移率族蛋白(HMG)B1表达情况。方法选取91例TC患者,采集所有受试者TC组织及癌旁正常组织,以免疫组化法检测不同组织中NF-κB p65、HMGB1表达情况。并分析NF-κB p65、HMGB1表达与TC患者临床病理特征的关系。对所有受试者进行为期3年的随访观察,按照随访结果的不同分为死亡组与存活组,比较两组NF-κB p65、HMGB1表达情况。结果TC组织中NF-κB p65、HMGB1阳性率均显著高于癌旁正常组织(均P<0.05)。肿瘤直径≥1.0 cm、有淋巴结转移TC患者NF-κB p65阳性率、HMGB1阳性率高于肿瘤直径<1.0 cm、无淋巴结转移患者,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。TC死亡患者NF-κB p65、HMGB1阳性率均显著高于存活患者(均P<0.05)。结论TC组织中NF-κB、HMGB1表达异常升高,且随着肿瘤的不断增加及淋巴结转移的发生,上述两项蛋白表达异常情况越明显。此外,随着NF-κB、HMGB1表达的不断升高,TC患者预后越差。

驴乳溶菌酶原核表达及活性检测

为探究驴乳源溶菌酶特性,本研究人工合成了驴乳溶菌酶基因DKLYSC1,并连入原核表达载体pET32a(+)中经诱导、表达,通过SDS-PAGE、western blot及比浊法检测重组溶菌酶表达及活性。结果显示,重组溶菌酶主要以包涵体形式高效表达,分子质量约31 ku;纯化的重组蛋白可以与抗His标签抗体特异性结合,特异性较强;比浊法测定复性蛋白比酶活为124.74 U/mg。本研究在大肠杆菌中表达了驴乳溶菌酶,并获得具有活性的复性蛋白,为驴乳溶菌酶的基础研究和应用奠定了基础。

香港回归25年来“一国两制”实践的重大成就和历史经验

香港回归25年来,“一国两制”实践取得举世瞩目、举世公认的成功,在民主推进、经济发展、民生改善等各领域均取得重大成就,证明“一国两制”具有突出的制度优势和强大生命力;“一国两制”香港实践在国家安全、爱国主义教育、经济民生等方面也遭遇到一些新情况新问题,显示出“一国两制”香港实践的长期性、复杂性、曲折性、艰巨性。在“一国两制”香港实践进入“五十年不变”的中期之时,系统回顾“一国两制”香港实践的重大成就,全面把握“一国两制”香港实践出现的深层次问题,深刻总结和揭示“一国两制”香港实践的历史经验和规律特点,对于进一步凝聚共识、明确方向并促使“一国两制”香港实践行稳致远具有重要意义。

水青冈木-自攻螺钉复合榫连接节点单剪性能

对比研究自攻螺钉、水青冈木榫和水青冈木-自攻螺钉复合榫3种连接节点的单剪承载性能,采用特征值分析法对单剪力-位移进行分析,获得最大荷载、极限荷载、屈服荷载、初始刚度、延性系数、能耗和最终位移等七个参数。结果表明:1)除了初始刚度,采用自攻螺钉的连接节点承载性能优于水青冈木榫连接节点;2)复合榫连接节点的承载力呈现两个极大值峰,第一个极大值高于水青冈木榫连接节点最大值2 kN,第二个极大值高于自攻螺钉连接节点最大值0.7 kN;3)复合榫连接节点的最终位移介于水青冈木榫连接节点和自攻螺钉连接节点之间,耗能能力和自攻螺钉连接节点相当,其他参数均优于自攻螺钉连接节点和水青冈木榫连接节点。综合参数分析,水青冈木-自攻螺钉复合榫能够有效结合自攻螺钉和水青冈木榫的优良特性

基于ICP-MS和LC-AFS技术测定海藻及其混伪品中总砷和砷形态含量

目的测定海藻及其混伪品中总砷和砷形态的含量,为海藻的安全使用提供参考。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定总砷的含量;采用液相色谱-原子荧光联用法(LC-AFS)测定亚砷酸、砷酸、一甲基砷、二甲基砷4种砷形态的含量。结果砷元素的检测质量浓度线性范围为10.0~200.0μg·L^-1(r=0.9995),检出限为0.188μg·L^-1,定量限为0.627μg·L^-1,平均加样回收率为96.2%(RSD=2.0%,n=6)。海藻及其混伪品中总砷的含量为47.89~235.71 mg·kg^-1,为《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》规定的24~118倍。亚砷酸、砷酸、一甲基砷和二甲基砷的检测质量浓度线性范围均为5.0~250.0μg·L^-1(r≥0.9995);检测限分别为0.160、0.477、0.204、0.253μg·L^-1,定量限分别为0.533、1.590、0.680、0.843μg·L^-1;平均回收率分别为95.3%(RSD=2.7%)、101.0%(RSD=2.0%)、93.6%(RSD=2.2%)、92.5%(RSD=2.0%)(n=6)。4种砷形态中一甲基砷未检出,砷酸仅有1批检出(含量为10.415 mg·kg^-1),亚砷酸含量为0.182~1.643 mg·kg^-1,二甲基砷含量为0~4.263 mg·kg^-1,4种砷总含量为0.275~11.225 mg·kg^-1,占总砷含量的0.27%~8.95%,以亚砷酸和二甲基砷为主。结论海藻及其混伪品中总砷含量严重超标,主要以有机砷和低毒的无机砷形式存在,应针对毒性较大的无机砷含量进行检测。

Phase estimation in bispectral domain based on conformal mapping and applications in seismic wavelet estimation

地震小浪评价是地震数据处理和解释的重要部分，谁的正确直接与 deconvolution 和倒置的结果有关。小浪评价基于高顺序的系列是一个重要新方法。然而，高顺序的系列经常有阶段包装纸问题，它导致小浪阶段光谱偏差并且从而影响混合阶段小浪评价。解决这个问题，我们建议一个新阶段光谱方法基于在 bispectral 领域的保角的印射。方法避免由缩小 Fourier 阶段光谱的范围消除在原来的阶段包影响的 bispectral 阶段包问题的阶段光谱评价。方法基于保角的印射组成最少平方的小浪阶段光谱评价它与最少平方的小浪振幅光谱评价被用于混合阶段小浪评价。理论模型和实际地震数据验证这个方法的有效性。我们也扩大到 trispectral 小浪阶段光谱评价的在 bispectral 小浪阶段光谱评价的保角的印射的想法。

亚波长介质光栅对单层过渡金属硫化物的发光增强

过渡金属硫化物单层具有直接带隙,可产生较强的光致发光,这一特殊的性质使其在光电器件、光电探测等领域具有广泛的应用前景.由于只有原子级别的厚度以及存在激子的非辐射复合,其光致发光效率仍有待提高.本文设计了一种金膜-二氧化钛光栅-过渡金属硫化物单层组合结构,可大幅提升过渡金属硫化物单层光致发光效率.利用Purcell效应对自发辐射速率进行控制,得到峰值为3.4倍的发光增强.研究了单层二硫化钨以及单层二硒化钨在设计结构上的光致发光信号,通过实验证实了过渡金属硫化物单层与亚波长光栅耦合结构中光致发光增强的可行性,为二维材料在光电器件中的应用提供了一个新思路.

Genetic dissection of wheat uppermost-internode diameter and its association with agronomic traits in five recombinant inbred line populations at various field environments

Uppermost-internode diameter(UID)is a key morphological trait associated with spike development and yield potential in wheat.Our understanding of its genetic basis remains largely unknown.Here,quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for UID with high-density genetic maps were identified in five wheat recombinant inbred line(RIL)populations.In total,25 QTLs for UID were detected in five RIL populations,and they were located on chromosomes 1A,1D(3 QTL),2B(2),2D(3),3B,3D,4A,4B(3),4D,5A(5),5B(2),6B,and 7D.Of them,five major and stable QTLs(QUid.sau-2CN-1D.1,QUid.sau-2SY-1D,QUid.sau-QZ-2D,QUid.sau-SC-3D,and QUid.sau-AS-4 B)were identified from each of the five RIL populations in multiple environments.QUid.sau-2CN-1D.1,QUid.sau-2SY-1D and QUid.sau-SC-3D are novel QTLs.Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)markers tightly linked to them were further investigated for developing near-isogenic lines(NILs)carrying the major loci.Furthermore,candidate genes at these intervals harboring major and stable QTLs were predicted,and they were associated with plant development and water transportation in most cases.Comparison of physical locations of the identified QTL on the‘Chinese Spring’reference genome showed that several QTLs including two major ones,QUid.sau-2CN-1D.1 and QUid.sau-2 SY-1 D,are likely allelic confirming their validity and effectiveness.The significant relationships detected between UID and other agronomic traits and a proper UID were discussed.Collectively,our results dissected the underlying genetic basis for UID in wheat and laid a foundation for further fine mapping and map-based cloning of these QTLs.

A major and stable QTL for wheat spikelet number per spike validated in different genetic backgrounds

The spikelet number per spike(SNS)contributes greatly to grain yield in wheat.Identifying various genes that control wheat SNS is vital for yield improvement.This study used a recombinant inbred line population genotyped by the Wheat55K single-nucleotide polymorphism array to identify two major and stably expressed quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for SNS.One of them(QSns.sau-2SY-2D.1)was reported previously,while the other(QSns.sau-2SY-7A)was newly detected and further analyzed in this study.QSns.sau-2SY-7A had a high LOD value ranging from 4.46 to 16.00 and explained 10.21-40.78%of the phenotypic variances.QSns.sau-2SY-7A was flanked by the markers AX-110518554 and AX-110094527 in a 4.75-cM interval on chromosome arm 7AL.The contributions and interactions of both major QTLs were further analyzed and discussed.The effect of QSns.sau-2SY-7A was successfully validated by developing a tightly linked kompetitive allele specific PCR marker in an F_(2:3) population and a panel of 101 high-generation breeding wheat lines.Furthermore,several genes including the previously reported WHEAT ORTHOLOG OF APO1(WAPO1),an ortholog of the rice gene ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 1(APO1)related to SNS,were predicted in the interval of QSns.sau-2SY-7A.In summary,these results revealed the genetic basis of the multi-spikelet genotype of wheat line 20828 and will facilitate subsequent fine mapping and breeding utilization of the major QTLs.

SNP Analysis and Haplotype Identification in Chymotrypsin Inhibitor-2 (CI-2) Gene of Barley

Barley chymotrypsin inhibitor-2 （CI-2） was considered to be a promising candidate for enhancing the nutritional value of other cereals by increasing its concentration as it is rich in lysine than any other storage protein. Also, it was proposed that CI-2 might play an important role in the inhibition of proteolytic enzymes from pests or pathogens as CI-2 can strongly inhibit chymotrypsin and subtilisin. In this study, a total of 93 CI-2 gene sequences were isolated from wild and cultivated barley. 48 SNPs and 4 indels were detected across the entire sequences. The frequency of SNPs in the noncoding region （1 out of 9 bases） was slightly higher than that in the coding region （1 out of 10.7 bases）. In all, 33.3% of the candidate cSNPs resulted in amino acid changes. As a total, the 24 cSNPs resulted in 15 amino acid changes. Ten distinguishable haplotypes were detected, among which 3 haplotypes were shared in the most barley accessions, whereas the rest of the haplotypes appeared at a lower frequency. In addition, three haplotypes （haplotype 4, 8, and 9） were unique for single accessions. These results suggested that low diversity at the CI-2 locus was detected among the cultivated and wild barley.

基于物联网的智能建筑能耗监测系统探讨

文章分析了智能建筑的能耗监测系统建设和应用现状,并对存在的问题和原因进行简要分析,在此基础上,探讨一种基于物联网的智能建筑能耗监测系统架构参考模型,以期实现楼宇中电力能源需求侧和供求侧的智能联动运行。

基于物联网的智能楼宇综合管理系统架构设计

针对当前智能楼宇设计及部署中存在的系统孤立、互联互通不足的行业现状,论文参考物联网系统三层体系,提出一种基于物联网的智能楼宇综合管理系统设计架构,并就系统的部署模式和网络架构作出简要说明,为智能楼宇系统的开发和工程集成等行业应用提供了创新性解决思路。

Identification of a Group of Novel γ-Gliadin Genes

γ-Gliadins are an important component of wheat seed storage proteins. Four novel γ-gliadin genes （Gli-ngl to Gli-ng4） were cloned from wheat （Triticum aestivum） and Aegilops species. The novel γ-gliadins were much smaller in molecular size when compared to the typical γ-gliadins, which was caused by deletion of the non-repetitive domain, glutamine-rich region, 3＂ part of the repetitive domain, and 5＇ part of the C-terminal, possibly due to illegitimate recombination between the repetitive domain and the C-terminal. As a result, Gli-ngl and Gli-ng4 only contained two and three cysteine residues, respectively. Gli-ngl, as the representative of novel γ-gliadin genes, has been sub-cloned into an Escherichia coli expression system. SDS- PAGE indicated that the both cysteine residues of Gli-ngl could participate in the formation of intermolecular disulphide bonds in vitro. Successful cloning of Gli-ngl from seed cDNA of T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring suggested that these novel γ-gliadin genes were normally transcribed during the development of seeds. Phylogenic analysis indicated that the four novel γ-gliadin genes had a closer relationship with those from the B （S） genome of wheat.

Sequence Polymorphisms and Phylogenetic Relationships of hina Gene in Wild Barley from Tibet, China

The hina gene encodes a HINA protein in seeds of barley （Hordeum vulgare）, which was known to affect the grain hardness. 171 hina gene sequences from Tibetan wild barley accessions and worldwide were characterized. Across 1 452 nucleotides of 171 hina genes, 152 SNPs were detected, giving an average frequency of one SNP per 9.5 bases. There were 93 singleton variable sites （the nucleotide polymorphism only observed in a single accession）, 59 polymorphic sites （the polymorphisms found in two or more accessions） and 8 indels. A total of 18 haplotypes were defined, and most of the barley accessions shared one gene haplotype. H. spontaneum had a wider haplotype distribution. Through the analysis of median-joining network of the 18 haplotypes, 4 haplotype groups were found, which were testified by neighbor-joining tree based on the complete sequence alignment. Extremely low level of hina gene diversity was observed in Tibetan wild barley accessions, indicating that Tibet is unlikely a center of origin for cultivated barley.

地聚合物基泡沫混凝土的路用性能及其应用研究

为了确定路用地聚合物基泡沫混凝土的最佳配合比,根据地聚合物基泡沫混凝土路用性能的室内试验结果,以粉煤灰和矿粉作为地聚合物原料代替部分水泥,用碱激发剂和化学发泡制备了泡沫混凝土,即以替代量25%为梯度,在0~50%范围内划分为A~C共3组,地聚合物组分中粉煤灰和矿粉之间的比例为7∶3,各试验组保持水固比为0.5和发泡剂掺量不变。结果表明:当以地聚合物替代水泥比例为25%(B组)制作泡沫混凝土时,地聚合物基泡沫混凝土的强度、流值和湿重度都满足高等级公路路基中路床和路堤的相关要求。依托某高速公路改扩建工程,采用数值模拟方式比较分析了地聚合物基泡沫混凝土(B组)和普通填土进行路基填筑的沉降。结果表明:地聚合物基泡沫混凝土组可以有效减小路基沉降,路面铺设完成后沉降可以减小52%,横坡变化率可以减小57%;营运荷载施加后沉降可以减小40%,横坡变化率可以减小65%。将替代量为25%(B组)时的试验配比投入到该扩建工程中局部高填方路段路基填筑进行现场试验,并进行了对比分析。结果表明:试验路段的路基最大沉降值与数值模拟值较为接近且小于数值模拟值。地聚合物基泡沫混凝土可以有效缓解路基工程中沉降过大的问题,验证了其用于控制高速公路路基沉降的可行性。

野艾叶的生药学鉴别研究

目的对野艾叶的性状特征、显微特征和薄层色谱进行系统性研究。方法利用数码照相机、体视显微镜、生物显微镜和薄层色谱鉴别方法对野艾叶的原植物形态、性状及微性状特征、显微特征和薄层色谱进行研究。结果全面系统的描述了野艾叶的原植物特征,药材的性状及微性状特征,叶及叶柄的横切面、叶表面和粉末的显微特征,并以桉油精为对照品,制定了野艾叶的薄层色谱鉴别方法。结论所建立的方法可以对野艾叶的生药学进行鉴别,为其质量标准制定提供理论依据。