Peripheral nerve injury repair requires a certain degree of cooperation between axon regeneration and Wallerian degeneration.Therefore,investigating how axon regeneration and degeneration work together to repair perip...Peripheral nerve injury repair requires a certain degree of cooperation between axon regeneration and Wallerian degeneration.Therefore,investigating how axon regeneration and degeneration work together to repair peripheral nerve injury may uncover the molecular mechanisms and signal cascades underlying peripheral nerve repair and provide potential strategies for improving the low axon regeneration capacity of the central nervous system.In this study,we applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify differentially expressed genes in proximal and distal sciatic nerve segments from rats with sciatic nerve injury.We identified 31 and 15 co-expression modules from the proximal and distal sciatic nerve segments,respectively.Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in proximal modules promoted regeneration,while the differentially expressed genes in distal modules promoted neurodegeneration.Next,we constructed hub gene networks for selected modules and identified a key hub gene,Kif22,which was up-regulated in both nerve segments.In vitro experiments confirmed that Kif22 knockdown inhibited proliferation and migration of Schwann cells by modulating the activity of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway.Collectively,our findings provide a comparative framework of gene modules that are co-expressed in injured proximal and distal sciatic nerve segments,and identify Kif22 as a potential therapeutic target for promoting peripheral nerve injury repair via Schwann cell proliferation and migration.All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of Nantong University,China(approval No.S20210322-008)on March 22,2021.展开更多
On the basis of complex system theory and the frontier researches of Chinese and foreign linguistics in this field,this paper systematically discusses the conceptual connotation of language complexity,and generalizes ...On the basis of complex system theory and the frontier researches of Chinese and foreign linguistics in this field,this paper systematically discusses the conceptual connotation of language complexity,and generalizes the essential characteristics in quality and quantity,which is non-linearity and high organizational depth.The non-linearity is mainly manifested as imbalance,emergence and interactivity,while the high organizational depth as multi-level,multi-dimension,multi-stage,high cardinality,etc.Generally speaking,the more complex the information is,the longer the minimum description length(MDL)of it is,and the higher resource/cost consumption is.In the relation of unity of opposites between complexity and simplicity,language complexity is absolute,while simplicity is relative.Complexity is always in dominance,while simplicity always serves as a lever to balance,control and regulate complexity.They are developing nonlinear adaptive interactions,which leads to the formation and development of linguistic paradigm system(such as grammatical paradigm and rhetorical paradigm).The conclusion provides a theoretical basis for the study of language complexity.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2022YFE0106800]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41730964]the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)[grant number 311021001].
基金supported by the National Major Project of Research and Development of China,No.2017YFA0104701(to BY)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32000725(to QQC)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China,No.BK20200973(to QQC)the Jiangsu Provincial University Innovation Training Key Project of China,No.202010304021Z(to ML)。
文摘Peripheral nerve injury repair requires a certain degree of cooperation between axon regeneration and Wallerian degeneration.Therefore,investigating how axon regeneration and degeneration work together to repair peripheral nerve injury may uncover the molecular mechanisms and signal cascades underlying peripheral nerve repair and provide potential strategies for improving the low axon regeneration capacity of the central nervous system.In this study,we applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify differentially expressed genes in proximal and distal sciatic nerve segments from rats with sciatic nerve injury.We identified 31 and 15 co-expression modules from the proximal and distal sciatic nerve segments,respectively.Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in proximal modules promoted regeneration,while the differentially expressed genes in distal modules promoted neurodegeneration.Next,we constructed hub gene networks for selected modules and identified a key hub gene,Kif22,which was up-regulated in both nerve segments.In vitro experiments confirmed that Kif22 knockdown inhibited proliferation and migration of Schwann cells by modulating the activity of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway.Collectively,our findings provide a comparative framework of gene modules that are co-expressed in injured proximal and distal sciatic nerve segments,and identify Kif22 as a potential therapeutic target for promoting peripheral nerve injury repair via Schwann cell proliferation and migration.All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of Nantong University,China(approval No.S20210322-008)on March 22,2021.
文摘On the basis of complex system theory and the frontier researches of Chinese and foreign linguistics in this field,this paper systematically discusses the conceptual connotation of language complexity,and generalizes the essential characteristics in quality and quantity,which is non-linearity and high organizational depth.The non-linearity is mainly manifested as imbalance,emergence and interactivity,while the high organizational depth as multi-level,multi-dimension,multi-stage,high cardinality,etc.Generally speaking,the more complex the information is,the longer the minimum description length(MDL)of it is,and the higher resource/cost consumption is.In the relation of unity of opposites between complexity and simplicity,language complexity is absolute,while simplicity is relative.Complexity is always in dominance,while simplicity always serves as a lever to balance,control and regulate complexity.They are developing nonlinear adaptive interactions,which leads to the formation and development of linguistic paradigm system(such as grammatical paradigm and rhetorical paradigm).The conclusion provides a theoretical basis for the study of language complexity.
