利用光学相干断层扫描血管造影分析PM2.5对小鼠角膜上皮和角膜全层厚度的影响

目的利用光学相干断层扫描血管造影(OCTA)分析PM2.5对小鼠角膜上皮和角膜全层厚度的影响。方法随机选取健康BALB/c小鼠(18~21 g,6~8周龄,雄性)共32只,采取随机数字表法分为实验组、对照组两组,每组16只,体重、周龄匹配。实验组采用5 mg/ml的PM2.5混悬液滴眼,对照组采用PBS滴眼,均为双眼,每天4次。采用系统软件将角膜划分为17个区域,并利用光学相干断层扫描血管造影术分别在干预前,干预后第1、4、7、10及14天对两组小鼠角膜上皮和角膜全层厚度进行测量。结果制作模型前、干预第1天,实验组与对照组小鼠角膜上皮和角膜全层厚度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),第4天起,与对照组比较,实验组小鼠角膜上皮下部的IT5、I5、IN5、IT6、I6及IN6区域增厚(P<0.05),但角膜全层厚度无明显改变(P>0.05)。第7天起,与对照组比较,实验组小鼠角膜上皮所有区域均增厚(P<0.05),角膜全层中央和下部C2、IT5、I5、IN5、IT6、I6及IN6区域厚度延长(P<0.05)。第10和14天,与对照组比较,实验组小鼠角膜上皮和角膜全层各个区域及平均厚度均增厚(P<0.05)。结论 PM2.5能引起小鼠角膜上皮和角膜全层厚度改变,且随着干预时间增加,角膜上皮下部各区最先增厚,其他区域随后增厚。角膜全层厚度随后也变厚,且为中央和下方各区最先增厚,随后其他区域增厚。角膜全层增厚速度慢于角膜上皮增厚速度。

Reduction in interhemispheric functional connectivity in the dorsal visual pathway in unilateral acute open globe injury patients: a resting-state fMRI study

This study investigated the changes in interhemispheric functional connectivity （FC） of the whole brain in open globe injury （OGI） patients, using voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity （VMHC）, and their relationships with clinical features. Totally, 16 male and 2 female acute OGI patients and 18 sex, age, and education-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. All subjects were scanned through functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves analyses had been used to identify the VMHC in these brain areas could be used as biomarkers to distinguish OGI and from healthy control （HC）. The mean VMHC values in multiple brain areas and clinical OGI manifestations were evaluated with a Pearson correlation analysis. OGI patients had significantly decreased VMHC in the bilateral calcarine/lingual/cuneus （BA18, 19, 30） and middle occipital gyrus （BA18, 19）. The OGI patients had abnormal interhemispheric FC in the dorsal visual pathway, which may represent the pathophysiological mechanism that underlies acute vision loss after OGI.

Netrin-1 promotes epithelium repair in corneal injury

●AIM:To explore netrin-1 functions on corneal epithelium in vitro and in vivo.●METHODS:In vitro the human corneal epithelial(HCE)cells were treated with serum free DMEM-F12 basic media containing 0,50,100,200,300,500,800,and 1000 ng/mL of netrin-1,respectively.The cells viability was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8).The wound-healing assay was applied to assess the migration proficiency of HCE cells.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell-cycle distribution and apoptosis.In vivo,normal c57(6 wk)mice were demarcated with a trephine in the middle of the cornea to produce a 3-mm circular wound.Mice corneas were inflicted no epithelium with a 3-mm wound displayed,but remained the limbal epithelium intact.A blunt scalpel blade was used to remove the corneal epithelian cells,followed by topical netrin-1 application(200 ng/mL),and the group treated by PBS as control.The treated group was injected netrin-1 into the normal c57 mice inferior subconjunctival 4 h before trauma.Mouse corneal inflammation and neovascularization were observed under slit lamp microscope.The apoptosis of corneal cells was determined by TUNEL staining.●RESLUTS:A concentration of 200 ng/mL netrin-1 enhanced 25%of the HCE viability.The relative migration rates were 76.3%and 100%in control and netrin-1 treated group after cultured 72 h.Treated with netrin-1(200 ng/mL)decreased the apoptosis of HCE cells,as well as decreased their percentage from 19.3%±0.57%to 12.7%±0.42%of the total.The remaining wound area was 1.22 mm2 in control group but 0.22 mm2 in the netrin-1 treated group.Exogenous Netrin-1 inhibits apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells of c57 mice.TUNEL-positive cells at the epithelial layer of the corneas of the control and netrin-1 treated c57 mice at 24 h after wounding were 43.3%and 16.7%respectively.●CONCLUSION:Netrin-1 can reduce HCE apoptosis as well as promote its proliferation and migration.Topical application of netrin-1 promotes the injuryed cornea epithelial wound repair and inhibits apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells.These findings may offer potential therapies to repair the defects of corneal epithelial based on netrin-1.

Effect of mistletoe combined with carboxymethyl cellulose on dry eye in postmenopausal women

AIM： To investigate the protective effect of mistletoe combined with carboxymethyl cellulose eye drops on dry eye in postmenopausal women.METHODS： Sixty postmenopause female patients diagnosed of dry eye were assigned randomly to mistletoe combined with carboxymethyl cellulose eye drops treatment group（n=30） and control group treated with normal saline eye drops（n=30）. The subjective symptoms of ocular surface, Ocular Surface Disease Index（OSDI）, tear film function tests, tear protein and corneal morphology by confocal scanning microscopy were analyzed before treatment and at 1, 2, 4 and 8 wk after treatment respectively. To ensure the safety of the trial, all patients were examined with systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, urine creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen at 8 wk after treatment.RESULTS： There were no obvious differences between two groups before the treatment（P〉0.05）. In two months after the treatment, the symptoms of ocular surface, OSDI, tear protein, and tear film function were only slightly changed in normal saline eye drops group. However, all indices were improved after the treatment of mistletoe combined with carboxymethyl cellulose eye drops group（P〈0.05）. In addition, the average amount of corneal epithelium basal cells and inflammatory cells of mistletoe treated group were 3174±379 and 38±25 cells/mm2, significantly decreased as compared to the control group with 4309±612 and 158± 61 cells/mm2, respectively. In the control group, althoughnerves still maintained straight under corneal epithelium, the number of nerves were significantly decreased, as compared with normal female. In the mistletoe treated group, the number of nerves was only slightly reduced, compared with normal female.CONCLUSION： Mistletoe combined with carboxymethyl cellulose eye drops can alleviate the symptoms and signs of dry eye symptoms.