Hedgehog及WNT信号通路在眼睑基底细胞癌中的研究进展

眼睑基底细胞癌(basal cell carcinoma,BCC)是最常见的眼睑恶性肿瘤。虽然眼睑BCC恶性程度及转移能力较低,但其发病率逐年上升,已受到临床医师的广泛重视。目前手术仍为一线治疗,但局部晚期眼睑BCC进行手术有导致毁容及眼部功能丧失的风险,因此仍然需要寻找新的治疗方案。研究显示多种信号通路的异常表达与其相关,尤其是Hedgehog信号通路及WNT信号通路,它们的激活在眼睑BCC中具有十分重要的意义,同时这两条通路也能够相互作用,共同介导眼睑BCC的发生发展。尽管近年来针对相关信号通路的靶向抑制剂开始应用于BCC的临床治疗,但用药后疾病复发、耐药及不良反应常见,因此迫切需要针对不同信号通路开发新的抑制剂。所以,本文综述了眼睑BCC中Hedgehog及WNT信号通路的最新研究进展,旨在为寻找BCC治疗的关键靶点提供重要的科学依据。

Ectopic bronchogenic cyst of liver misdiagnosed as gallbladder diverticulum: A case report

BACKGROUND Ectopic bronchogenic cysts are a type of congenital cystic tumor that are extremely difficult to diagnose and can be ectopically located in various organs,with the possibility of malignant transformation. Here we report a case of an ectopic bronchogenic cyst in the liver initially misdiagnosed as a gallbladder diverticulum.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a middle-aged woman whose chief complaint was intermittent pain in the upper abdomen. Imaging examination revealed a cystic space in the left inner lobe of the liver. She was admitted to our hospital for treatment. Based on abdominal examination and imaging findings, the initial diagnosis was gallbladder diverticulum with cholestasis combined with chronic cholecystitis.However, following intraoperative observations and postoperative pathologic assessment, the diagnosis was revised to ectopic bronchogenic cyst of the liver.CONCLUSION Radiologists, hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeons, gastrointestinal surgeons,urologists, and even neurosurgeons should be aware and consider a possible diagnosis of ectopic bronchogenic cysts, especially when other types of cyst,cystadenoma, and other diseases are excluded. The disease and its complications should be detected and correctly diagnosed and treated as early as possible in order to avoid adverse outcomes.

Accelerated Aging Behaviors and Mechanism of Fluoroelastomer in Lubricating Oil Medium

The aging behaviors and mechanism of fluoroelastomer(FKM)under lubricating oil(FKM-O)and air(FKM-A,as a comparison)at elevated temperatures were studied from both physical and chemical viewpoints.The obvious changes of mechanical and swelling performances indicate that the coupling effect of lubricating oil and temperature causes more serious deterioration of FKM-O compared to that of FKM-A.Meanwhile,much stronger temperature dependence of both bulk properties and micro-structures for FKM-O is found.Three-stage physical diffusion process is defined in FKM-O due to the competition between oil diffusion and elastic retraction of network.FTIR results reveal that the dehydrofluorination reaction causes the fracture of C-F bonds and produces a large number of C=C bonds in the backbone.The coupling effect of oil medium and high temperature could accelerate the scission of C=C bonds and generate a series of fragments with different molecular sizes.The TGA results,crosslinking density Ve,and glass transition temperature Tg derived from different measurements coherently demonstrate the network destruction in the initial stage and the simultaneous reconstruction occurring at the final stage.The newly formed local network induced by reconstruction cannot compensate the break of the original rubber network and thus only provides lower tensile strength and thermal stability.

Detection of the Destruction Mechanism of Perfluorinated Elastomer(FFKM)Network under Thermo-oxidative Aging Conditions

The changes of crosslinking network of perfluorinated elastomer(FFKM)cured by TAIC and DBPH under thermo-oxidative aging conditions were investigated.Two competitive processes including post-curing and network destruction occur simultaneously,which directly affect the storage modulus and crosslinking density.With the increase of aging temperature,the network destruction becomes dominant.FTIR and XPS characterizations further reveal that the network destruction happens preferentially on the crosslink points of TAIC structure,and the post-curing is mainly caused by the decomposition of residual curing agent DBPH.Unlike the easier breaking of TAIC structure in the crosslinking network,both the backbone and the pendent groups of FFKM itself are much more stable.To further figure out the destruction mechanism,TGAFTIR-GC-MS test was also conducted and a schematic degradation process of TAIC structure was proposed.It is found that the destruction of TAIC crosslinking points happens first on the unstable exocyclic C―N bonds and the intermediate ring radicals could eventually decompose into volatile hydrogen isocyanate(HCNO)under extreme condition.