The generation of induced tissue-specific stem cells has been hampered by the lack of well-established methods for the maintenance of pure tissue-specific stem cells like the ones we have for embryonic stem （ES） cel...The generation of induced tissue-specific stem cells has been hampered by the lack of well-established methods for the maintenance of pure tissue-specific stem cells like the ones we have for embryonic stem （ES） cell cultures. Using a cocktail of cytokines and small molecules, we dem- onstrate that primitive neural stem （NS） cells derived from mouse ES cells and rat embryos can be maintained. Furthermore, using the same set of cytokines and small molecules, we show that induced NS （iNS） cells can be generated from rat fibroblasts by forced expression of the transcrip- tional factors Oct4, Sox2 and c-Myc. The generation and long-term maintenance of iNS cells could have wide and momentous implications.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Recently, growing attention has been directed toward stem cell metabolism, with the key observation that metabolism not only fuels the proper functioning of stem cells but also regulates the fate of these...BACKGROUND： Recently, growing attention has been directed toward stem cell metabolism, with the key observation that metabolism not only fuels the proper functioning of stem cells but also regulates the fate of these cells. There seems to be a clear link between the self-renewal ofpluripotent stem cells （PSCs）, in which cells proliferate indefinitely without differentiation, and the activity of specific metabolic pathways. The unique metabolism in PSCs plays an important role in maintaining pluripotency by regulating signaling pathways and resetting the epigenome. OBJECTIVE： To review the most recent publications concerning the metabolism of pluripotent stem cells and the role of metabolism in PSC self-renewal and differentiation. METHODS： A systematic literature search related to the metabolism of PSCs was conducted in databases including Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. The search was performed without language restrictions on all papers published before May 2016. The following keywords were used： ＂metabolism＂ combined with either ＂embryonic stem cell＂ or ＂epiblast stem cell.＂ RESULTS： Hundreds of papers focusing specifically on the metabolism of pluripotent stem cells were uncovered and summarized. CONCLUSION： Identifying the specific metabolic pathways involved in pluripotency maintenance is crucial for progress in the field of developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Additionally, better understanding of the metabolism in PSCs will facilitate the derivation and maintenance of authentic PSCs from species other than mouse, rat, and human.展开更多
基金supported by USC startup fund to QLY and in part by NIH(Grant No.R01OD010926) to QLY
文摘The generation of induced tissue-specific stem cells has been hampered by the lack of well-established methods for the maintenance of pure tissue-specific stem cells like the ones we have for embryonic stem （ES） cell cultures. Using a cocktail of cytokines and small molecules, we dem- onstrate that primitive neural stem （NS） cells derived from mouse ES cells and rat embryos can be maintained. Furthermore, using the same set of cytokines and small molecules, we show that induced NS （iNS） cells can be generated from rat fibroblasts by forced expression of the transcrip- tional factors Oct4, Sox2 and c-Myc. The generation and long-term maintenance of iNS cells could have wide and momentous implications.
文摘BACKGROUND： Recently, growing attention has been directed toward stem cell metabolism, with the key observation that metabolism not only fuels the proper functioning of stem cells but also regulates the fate of these cells. There seems to be a clear link between the self-renewal ofpluripotent stem cells （PSCs）, in which cells proliferate indefinitely without differentiation, and the activity of specific metabolic pathways. The unique metabolism in PSCs plays an important role in maintaining pluripotency by regulating signaling pathways and resetting the epigenome. OBJECTIVE： To review the most recent publications concerning the metabolism of pluripotent stem cells and the role of metabolism in PSC self-renewal and differentiation. METHODS： A systematic literature search related to the metabolism of PSCs was conducted in databases including Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. The search was performed without language restrictions on all papers published before May 2016. The following keywords were used： ＂metabolism＂ combined with either ＂embryonic stem cell＂ or ＂epiblast stem cell.＂ RESULTS： Hundreds of papers focusing specifically on the metabolism of pluripotent stem cells were uncovered and summarized. CONCLUSION： Identifying the specific metabolic pathways involved in pluripotency maintenance is crucial for progress in the field of developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Additionally, better understanding of the metabolism in PSCs will facilitate the derivation and maintenance of authentic PSCs from species other than mouse, rat, and human.
