Manipulating charge density wave state in kagome compound RbV_(3)Sb_(5)

Owing to the unique electronic structure,kagome materials AV_(3)Sb_(5)(A=K,Rb,Cs)provide a fertile platform of quantum phenomena such as the strongly correlated state and topological Dirac band.It is well known that RbV_(3)Sb_(5)exhibits a 2×2 unconventional charge density wave(CDW)state at low temperature,and the mechanism is controversial.Here,by using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy(STM/STS),we successfully manipulated the CDW state in the Sb plane of RbV_(3)Sb_(5),and realized a new3(1/2)×3(1/2)modulation together with the ubiquitous 2×2 period in the CDW state of RbV_(3)Sb_(5).This work provides a new understanding of the collective quantum ground states in the kagome materials.

Electron-Exciton Coupling in 1T-TiSe_(2)Bilayer

Excitons in solid state are bosons generated by electron-hole pairs as the Coulomb screening is sufficiently reduced.The exciton condensation can result in exotic physics such as super-fluidity and insulating state.In charge density wave(CDW)state,1T-TiSe_(2) is one of the candidates that may host the exciton condensation.However,to envision its excitonic effect is still challenging,particularly at the two-dimensional limit,which is applicable to future devices.Here,we realize the epitaxial 1T-TiSe_(2) bilayer,the two-dimensional limit for its 2×2×2 CDW order,to explore the exciton-associated effect.By means of high-resolution scanning tunneling spectroscopy and quasiparticle interference,we discover an unexpected state residing below the conduction band and right within the CDW gap region.As corroborated by our theoretical analysis,this mysterious phenomenon is in good agreement with the electron-exciton coupling.Our study provides a material platform to explore exciton-based electronics and opto-electronics.

Cu含量对CNTs/Al-Cu复合材料显微组织和压缩力学性能的影响

通过热压烧结和热轧制备碳纳米管(CNTs)增强的Al-Cu基复合材料,系统研究Cu含量对Al与CNTs的界面反应、含Cu沉淀物的析出行为及相应复合材料力学性能的影响。研究表明,提高Cu含量不仅能使复合材料制备过程中含Cu析出相的数量和尺寸增加,而且能促进CNTs与Al基体之间的界面反应,加剧CNTs转化为Al_(4)C_(3)。由于含有1%Cu(质量分数)的复合材料保持CNTs的原始结构,因此,它在所有复合材料中具有最高的强度、弹性模量和硬度。此外,增加Cu含量还能改变影响复合材料强度的主要强化机制。

一步电沉积制备稳定性优异的强健超疏水Ag/石墨烯涂层

提出一种用于柔性电子器件可拉伸银基复合涂层的制备方法,该涂层具有优导的导电性和稳定性。首先采用双组分喷涂法在弹性基板热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)弹性体橡胶表面制备银涂层,通过一步电沉积铈化合物(CeM)和石墨烯纳米片(GNS)获得超疏水表面,即Ag/CeM/GNS复合涂层。经多次弯曲和拉伸,Ag/CeM/GNS复合镀层仍具有较高的电导率,且复合涂层具有良好的自清洁和防污性能,耐腐蚀性较原Ag涂层显著提高。此外,Ag/CeM/GNS复合涂层在拉伸、弯曲和扭转等变形状态下仍正常导电,具有良好的力学稳定性和适用性。因此,所研制的Ag/CeM/GNS复合镀层具有优良的导电性能和稳定性,在苛刻条件下服役的柔性电子器件中具有广阔的应用前景。

Novel mutation in OCRL leading to a severe form of Lowe syndrome

AIM: To investigate the phenotype and genotype of a family with X-linked recessive Lowe syndrome. METHODS: All the members in the Chinese pedigree underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic and systemic examinations. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of the pedigree members and 100 unrelated healthy Chinese subjects. Direct sequencing was performed to screen the exons and intron boundaries of OCRL.RESULTS: The ophthalmological and systemic exami nations suggested that the affected individual had Lowe syndrome. The phenotype in the pedigree is severe and consistent among all the affected individuals except for an individual who additionally suffered from congenital heart disease and laryngeal cartilage dysplasia. Directio nal San ger sequenci ng identified a complex mutation c.(2368_2368delG;c.2370A>C) in the Rho-GTPase activating protein domain. This complex mutation causes termination of protein synthesis at amino acid 824 and result in a new peptide with 823 amino acids (p.Ala790ProfsX34). This mutation was not detected in 100 unrelated healthy Chinese subjects.CONCLUSION: Our findings expand the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of Lowe syndrome.

Impact of duration of adjuvant chemotherapy in radically resected patients with T4bN1-3M0/TxN3bM0 gastric cancer

AIM To provide evidence regarding the postoperative treatment of patients with T4 b N1-3 M0/Tx N3 b M0 gastric cancer, for which guidelines have not been established. METHODS Patients who had undergone curative resection between 1996 and 2014 with a pathological stage of T4 b N1-3 M0/Tx N3 b M0 for gastric cancer were retrospectively analyzed; staging was based on the 7 th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. The clinicopathological characteristics, administration of adjuvant chemotherapy, and patterns of recurrence were studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors were conducted. The chemotherapeutic agents mainly included fluorouropyrimidine, platinum and taxanes, used as monotherapy, doublet, or triplet regimens. Patterns of first recurrence were categorized as locoregional recurrence, peritoneal dissemination, or distant metastasis.RESULTS The 5-year overall survival(OS) of the whole group(n = 176) was 16.8%, and the median OS was 25.7 mo(95%CI: 20.9-30.5). Lymphovascular invasion and a node positive rate(NPR) ≥ 0.8 were associated with a poor prognosis(P = 0.01 and P = 0.048, respectively). One hundred forty-seven(83.5%) of the 176 patients eventually experienced recurrence; the most common pattern of the first recurrence was distant metastasis. The prognosis was best for patients with locoregional recurrence and worst for those with peritoneal dissemination. Twelve(6.8%) of the 176 patients did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, while 164(93.2%) patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Combined chemotherapy, including doublet and triplet regimens, was associated with a better prognosis than monotherapy, with no significant difference in 5-year OS(17.5% vs 0%, P = 0.613). The triplet regimen showed no significant survival benefit compared with the doublet regimen for 5-year OS(18.5% vs 17.4%, P = 0.661). Thirty-nine(22.1%) patients received adjuvant chemotherapy for longer than six months; the median OS in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy for longer than six months was 40.2 mo(95%CI: 30.6-48.2), significantly longer than the 21.6 mo(95%CI: 19.1-24.0) in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy for less than six months(P = 0.001).CONCLUSION Patients with T4 b N1-3 M0/Tx N3 b M0 gastric cancer showed a poor prognosis and a high risk of distant metastasis. Adjuvant chemotherapy for longer than six months improved outcomes for them.

Comparing the precision of the pSOFA and SIRS scores in predicting sepsis-related deaths among hospitalized children:a multi-center retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND:The latest sepsis definition includes both infection and organ failure,as evidenced by the sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)score.However,the applicability of the pediatric SOFA score(pSOFA)is not yet determined.This study evaluated the effectiveness of both pSOFA and system inflammatory reaction syndrome(SIRS)scores in predicting sepsis-related pediatric deaths.METHODS:This is a retrospective multi-center cohort study including hospitalized patients<18 years old with diagnosed or not-yet-diagnosed infections.Multivariate analyses were carried out to evaluate risk factors for in-hospital mortality.According to Youden index(YI),three sub-categories of pSOFA were screened out and a new simplified pSOFA score(spSOFA)was formed.The effectiveness and accuracy of prediction of pSOFA,SIRS and spSOFA was retrieved from the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)and Delong’s test.RESULTS:A total of 1,092 participants were eligible for this study,and carried a 23.4%in-hospital mortality rate.The 24-h elevated pSOFA score(24 h-pSOFA),bloodstream infection,and mechanical ventilation(MV)requirement were major risk factors associated with sepsis-related deaths.The AUROC analysis confirmed that the spSOFA provided good predictive capability in sepsis-related pediatric deaths,relative to the 24 h-pSOFA and SIRS.CONCLUSIONS:The pSOFA score performed better than SIRS in diagnosing infected children with high mortality risk.However,it is both costly and cumbersome.We,therefore,proposed spSOFA to accurately predict patient outcome,without the disadvantages.Nevertheless,additional investigations,involving a large sample population,are warranted to confirm the conclusion of this study.

Retrospective analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy for curatively resected gastric cancer

AIM:To determine the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer in clinical practice,a retrospective analysis was conducted in a high-volume Chinese cancer center.METHODS:Between November 1995 and June 2007,a total of 423 gastric or esophagogastric adenocarcinoma patients who did(Arm A,n=300)or did not(Arm S,n=123)receive radical gastrectomy followed by postoperative chemotherapy were enrolled in this retrospective analysis.In Arm A,monotherapy(fluoropy rimidines,n=25),doublet(platinum/fluoropyrimidines,n=164),or triplet regimens[docetaxel/cisplatin/5FU(DCF),or modified DCF,epirubicin/cisplatin/5FU(ECF)or modified ECF,etoposide/cisplatin/FU,n=111]were administered.Disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)were compared between the two arms.A subgroup analysis was carried out in Arm A.A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors was conducted.RESULTS:Stage?Ⅰ,ⅡandⅢcancers accounted for9.7%,35.7%and 54.6%of the cases,respectively,according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)staging system,7th edition.Only 178(42.1%)patients had more than 15 lymph nodes harvested.Hazard ratio estimates for Arm A compared with Arm S were 0.47(P<0.001)for OS and 0.59(P<0.001)for DFS.The 5-year OS rate was 52%in Arm A vs36%in Arm S(P=0.01);the adverse events in Arm A were mild and easily controlled.Ultimately,73 patients(26.5%)who received doublet or triplet regimens switched to monotherapy with fluoropyrimidines.The OS and DFS did not differ between monotherapy and the combination regimens,however,both were statistically improved in the subgroup of patients who were switched to monotherapy with fluoropyrimidines after doublet or triplet regimens as well as patients who received≥8 cycles of chemotherapy.CONCLUSION:In clinical practice,platinum/fluoropyrimidines with adequate treatment duration is recommended for stageⅡ/Ⅲgastric cancer patients accordingto the 7th edition of the AJCC staging system after curative gastrectomyeven with limited lymphadenectomy.

Timing and approaches in congenital cataract surgery:a four-year,two-layer randomized controlled trial

AIM：To compare visual prognoses and postoperative adverse events of congenital cataract surgery performed at different times and using different surgical approaches.METHODS：In this prospective,randomized controlled trial,we recruited congenital cataract patients aged 3 mo or younger before cataract surgery.Sixty-one eligible patients were randomly assigned to two groups according to surgical timing：a 3-month-old group and a 6-month-old group.Each eye underwent one of three randomly assigned surgical procedures,as follows：surgery A,lens aspiration（I/A）;surgery B,lens aspiration with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis（I/A＋PCCC）;and surgery C,lens aspiration with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and anterior vitrectomy（I/A＋PCCC＋A-Vit）.The long-term best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA） and the incidence of complications in the different groups were compared and analyzed.RESULTS：A total of 57 participants（114 eyes） with a mean follow-up period of 48.7 mo were included in the final analysis.The overall log MAR BCVA in the 6-month-old group was better than that in the 3-month-old group（0.81±0.28 vs 0.96±0.30;P=0.02）.The overall log MAR BCVA scores in the surgery B group were lower than the scores in the A and C groups（A：0.80±0.29,B：1.02±0.28,and C：0.84±0.28;P=0.007）.A multivariate linear regression revealed no significant relationships between the incidence of complications and long-term BCVA.CONCLUSION：It might be safer and more beneficial for bilateral total congenital cataract patients to undergosurgery at 6 mo of age than 3 mo.Moreover,with rigorous follow-up and timely intervention,the postoperative complications in these patients are treatable and do not compromise visual outcomes.

TaN纳米颗粒对电泳沉积PEEK涂层显微组织、力学性能和摩擦学性能的影响

为解决钛的摩擦、磨损和润滑问题,通过电泳沉积制备一系列TaN/PEEK(聚醚−醚−酮)涂层,并探讨TaN纳米颗粒对涂层显微组织、力学性能和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,在PEEK涂层中引入TaN纳米颗粒可有效提高沉积效率,增强材料抗变形能力,同时还可增加涂层的硬度、弹性模量以及与基底之间的结合强度。与纯PEEK涂层相比,P-TN-3样品的摩擦因数降低31.25%,耐磨性大幅度提高,其比磨损率由9.42×10^(−5)降低到1.62×10^(−5 )mm^(3)·N^(−1)·m^(−1)。电泳沉积制备的复合TaN/PEEK涂层均匀分布于钛合金基体表面,且与钛合金基体结合良好,TaN颗粒可有效提高PEEK涂层的强度,为钛合金提供耐磨保护作用。

Ocular development in children with unilateral congenital cataract and persistent fetal vasculature

AIM: To investigate the ocular development of patients who had unilateral congenital cataract(CC) combined with persistent fetal vasculature(PFV).METHODS: This cross-sectional, observational study included patients who had unilateral CC and PFV and those with isolated unilateral CC.Axial length(AL), keratometry, anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness, and vitreous length were obtained.The ocular biometric parameters of the affected eyes of patients with CC and PFV were compared with the fellow eyes and with the affected eyes of patients with isolated CC.RESULTS: A total of 110 patients were included and divided into 4 groups: group 1(18 patients with CC and PFV, <24 mo), group 2(22 patients with CC and PFV, ≥24 mo), group 3(35 patients with CC, <24 mo), and group 4(35 patients with CC, ≥24 mo).The ALs of the affected eyes were shorter than those of the fellow eyes in group 1(20.02±1.06 vs 20.66±0.63 mm, P=0.025).While the ALs of the affected eyes were longer than those of the fellow eyes in group 2(23.18±2.00 vs 22.31±1.06 mm, P=0.044) and group 4(22.64±1.80 vs 22.02±1.01 mm, P=0.033).The keratometries of the affected eyes were steeper than those of the fellow eyes in group 2(44.78±1.66 vs 43.83±1.38 D,P=0.041) and group 4(43.76±1.91 vs 43.34±1.46 D, P=0.043).No difference of ACDs between two eyes was found in all groups(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Compared with the fellow eyes, the ALs of the eyes with unilateral CC and PFV are shorter in patients younger than 24 mo and longer in those older than 24 mo;the keratometries of the eyes with unilateral CC and PFV are steeper in patients older than 24 mo and similar with those younger than 24 mo.These findings provide further understanding of ocular development in patients with both CC and PFV.

Case report of unilateral electric cataract with transmission electron microscopy image

Dear Sir,We hereby report a case of unilateral electric cataract with transmission electron microscopy（TEM）image.Ocular injuries induced by electricity can occur simultaneously or sequentially with the electric event,and occasionally occur later than the initial event.There are many ocular manifestations,with the most common one being

A High-Resolution Modeling Study of the 19 June 2002 Convective Initiation Case during IHOP 2002:Localized Forcing by Horizontal Convective Rolls

The initiation processes of one of the initial convective cells near and on the east side of a dryline on 19 June 2002 during the IHOP 2002 field experiment in the central United States is analyzed in detail based on a high-resolution numerical simulation. Prominent horizontal convective rolls and associated near-surface moisture convergence bands [called roll convergence bands(RCBs) here] develop within the convective boundary layer(CBL) due to surface heating, in the hours leading to convective initiation(CI). The RCBs east of the dryline are advected toward the primary dryline convergence boundary(PDCB) by the southerly moist flow as the CBL deepens with time. Backward trajectories of air parcels forming the initial precipitating updraft of the convective cell are found to primarily originate at about 1–1.5 km above ground, within the upper portion of the shallower CBL earlier on. The representative air parcel is found to follow and stay on top of a surface RCB as the RCB moves toward the PDCB, but the RCB forcing alone is not enough to initiate convection. As this RCB gets close to the PDCB, it moves into a zone of mesoscale convergence and a deeper CBL that exhibits an upward moisture bulge associated with the PDCB. The combined upward forcing of the RCB and the mesoscale PDCB convergence quickly lifts the representative air parcel above its level of free convection to initiate convection. A conceptual model summarizing the CI processes is proposed.

Single-polarization single-mode hollow-core negative curvature fiber with nested U-type cladding elements

Hollow-core negative curvature fibers(HC-NCFs)have become one of the research hotspots in the field of optical fiber because of their potential applications in the data and energy transmissions.In this work,a new kind of single-polarization single-mode HC-NCF with nested U-type cladding elements is proposed.To achieve the single-polarization single-mode transmission,we use two different silica tubes in thickness,which satisfy the resonance and anti-resonance conditions on the U-type cladding elements and the cladding tubes,respectively.Besides,the elliptical elements are introduced to achieve good single-mode performance.By studying the influences of the structure parameters on the propagation characteristics,the optimized structure parameters are obtained.The simulation results show that when the wavelength is fixed at 1550 nm,the single-polarization single-mode transmission is achieved,with the polarization extinction ratio of 25749 and minimum high-order mode extinction ratio of 174.Furthermore,the confinement loss is only 0.0015 dB/m.

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract adjuvant therapy on inflammatory reaction, adhesion molecules and antioxidant function in patients with cerebral infarction complicated with hyperhomocysteinemia

Objective: To investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract adjuvant therapy on inflammatory reaction, adhesion molecules and antioxidant function in patients with cerebral infarction complicated with hyperhomocysteinemia. Methods: A total of 114 patients with cerebral infarction complicated with hyperhomocysteinemia who were conformed to the research selection criteria were selected as the research objects, according to the random data table method they were evenly divided into the control group (n=57) and the observation group (n=57), patients in the two groups were given conventional supportive treatment, on this basis, the control group patients were given folic acid tablets and vitamin B12 treatment, the observation group was treated with Ginkgo biloba extract dripping pills on the basis of the treatment of the control group. The levels of inflammatory factors, adhesion molecules and antioxidant and antioxidant function were compared between the two groups before and after treatment (after treatment 30 d). Results: There was no significant difference in the levels of hs-CRP, WBC, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, SOD and MDA between the two groups before and after treatment;After treatment, the levels of hs-CRP, WBC, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MDA in the observation group were significantly lower than those in control group, all significantly lower than the levels in the same group before treatment, the difference was statistically significant. After treatment, the level of SOD in the observation group was (100.37±9.45) U/mL, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (85.04±9.49) U/mL, which was significantly higher than that before the treatment, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba extract adjuvant treatment of cerebral infarction significantly with high homocysteine hyperlipidemia efficacy can effectively reduce the inflammatory response to stress, reduce the release of adhesion molecules, improve the antioxidant function of oxidation, which has an important clinical value.

通过调控范霍夫奇点在外延单层VSe_(2)中诱导出巡游铁磁性

处在费米能级处的范霍夫奇点(van Hove singularity)由于具有发散的态密度特征可以诱导出巡游铁磁性.本文在SrTiO_(3)(111)衬底上外延生长单层VSe_(2)薄膜,并通过调控范霍夫奇点诱导出巡游铁磁性.作者通过角分辨光电子能谱技术直接观测到了单层VSe_(2)中的范霍夫奇点能带结构.理论计算表明,当该范霍夫奇异点靠近费米能级时,可通过斯通纳(Stoner)不稳定性产生巡游铁磁性.实验上,作者利用SrTiO_(3)(111)在低温下极大增强的介电常数εr,通过界面电荷转移效应调控范霍夫奇点向费米能级处移动,并通过电输运测量观测到了3.3 K的巡游铁磁性转变.此外,通过改变薄膜层厚和更换衬底的方式,作者可以进一步调控界面电荷转移效果和范霍夫奇点的能量位置,并对巡游铁磁性进行调控.这项研究证明了范霍夫奇点可以成为巡游铁磁性的调控自由度,并拓展了二维磁体在未来电子信息技术的应用潜力.

Modular synthesis of 1,4-diketones through regioselective bis-acylation of olefins by merging NHC and photoredox catalysis

Efficient and modular synthesis of structurally diverse 1,4-diketones from readily available building blocks represents an essential but challenging task in organic chemistry.Herein,we report a multi-component,regioselective bis-acylation of olefins by merging NHC organocatalysis and photoredox catalysis.With this protocol,a broad range of 1,4-diketones could be rapidly assembled using bench-stable feedstock materials.The robustness of this method was further evaluated by sensitivity screening,and good reproductivity was observed.Moreover,the diketone products could be readily converted into functionalized heterocycles,such as multi-substituted furan,pyrrole,and pyridazine.Mechanistic investigations shed light on the NHC and photoredox dual catalytic radical reaction mechanism.

Focused extra-corporeal shockwave treatment during early stage of osteonecrosis of femoral head

In recent years,increasing evidence has demonstrated that extra-corporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) can offer an effective and non-invasive method for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders,such as shoulder tendinopathies,lateral epicondylopathy of the elbow,greater trochanteric pain syndrome,patellar tendinopathy,Achilles tendinopathy,plantar fasciitis,and bone disorders.[1,2]As a safe,cheap,and non-invasive therapeutic method,ESWT has played a promising role in orthopedic medicine.[3-5] Inspired by this,several researchers have attempted to investigate its use for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head.ESWT deserves being recommended as the optimal choice for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).