Fanlian Huazhuo Formula alleviates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Fanlian Huazhuo Formula(FLHZF)has the functions of invigorating spleen and resolving phlegm,clearing heat and purging turbidity.It has been identified to have therapeutic effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in clinical application.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is frequently diagnosed in patients with T2DM.However,the therapeutic potential of FLHZF on NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms need further investigation.AIM To elucidate the effects of FLHZF on NAFLD and explore the underlying hepatoprotective mechanisms in vivo and in vitro.METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with free fatty acid for 24 hours to induce lipid accumulation cell model.Subsequently,experiments were conducted with the different concentrations of freeze-dried powder of FLHZF for 24 hours.C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 8-week to establish a mouse model of NAFLD,and then treated with the different concentrations of FLHZF for 10 weeks.RESULTS FLHZF had therapeutic potential against lipid accumulation and abnormal changes in biochemical indicators in vivo and in vitro.Further experiments verified that FLHZF alleviated abnormal lipid metabolism might by reducing oxidative stress,regulating the AMPKα/SREBP-1C signaling pathway,activating autophagy,and inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis.CONCLUSION FLHZF alleviates abnormal lipid metabolism in NAFLD models by regulating reactive oxygen species,autophagy,apoptosis,and lipid synthesis signaling pathways,indicating its potential for clinical application in NAFLD.

Controllability of shock waves in one-dimensional polariton condensates

In one-dimensional incoherent pumped exciton-polariton condensates,we realize the generation and control of supersonic shock waves.By choosing a suitable initial input wave,we obtain the region of existence of various shock waves as a function of the phase of the initial wave,the coefficient of polariton interaction,the coefficient of the interaction between polariton and reservoir and the condensation rate and intensity of pumping.Using these results,we discuss the effect of different parameters on shock waves composed of two shock waves,and find that the gain and loss will result in a sloping platform between two waves.In addition,we also consider the effect of the non-adiabatic approximation and the diffusion coefficient of the reservoir on the profiles of the shock waves.We find that the non-adiabatic approximation will result in some small oscillations on the uniform background,and the platform between two waves becomes flat;however,the diffusion effect of the reservoir will clear these small oscillations and tilt the platform.Our results may pave the way to control shock waves in an incoherent pumped exciton-polariton system.

Structure of a new sterol from the South China sponge Dysidea fragilis

A new sterol, 5a-cholesta-8(14),24(25)-diene-3/β, 6a-diol (1) and a known sterol (24Z)- 24-ethyl-cholesta-7(8),24(28)-diene-3β,5a,6β-triol (2) have been isolated from the South China Sea sponge Dysidea fragilis. The structure and relative stereochemistry of 1 were established by spectral analysis, including 2D NMR experiments.