Modeling pollutant transport in overland flow over non-planar and non-homogenous infiltrating surfaces

Pollutant transport in overland flow over surfaces with spatially varying microtopography,roughness,and infiltration was investigated using the diffusion wave equation and transport rate-based equation.The finite volume method in space and an implicit backward difference scheme in time were employed in the numerical solution of the 2D governing equations.The developed model was first tested against an analytical solution and an experimental study involving overland flow and the associated pollutant transport,subsequently a series of numerical tests were carried out.Non-point source pollution was investigated under spatially varying microtopography,roughness,and infiltration.The simulation results showed that microtopography and roughness were the dominant factors causing significant spatial variations in solute concentration.When the spatially varying microtopography was replaced by a smooth surface,the result was an overestimation of the solute rate at the outlet of the upland.On the other hand,when the spatially varying roughness was replaced by the average roughness and spatially varying infiltration rate by the average infiltration rate,the pollutant discharge at the outlet of the upland was not significantly affected.The numerical results further showed that one cannot ignore the spatial variations of slope and roughness when investigating the local pollutant concentration distribution.

震后滑坡对陡峭山区小流域水文响应过程的影响——以汶川地震影响区小流域为例(英文)

目的:明确汶川地震所引发的滑坡对震区小流域水文响应过程的影响,推进震区洪水过程的准确预报。创新:评估汶川地震对碱坪沟流域的下垫面条件的破坏,并在此基础上利用先进的分布式水文模型定量评估地震事件对小流域产汇流过程的影响。方法:1.选取四川省龙溪河地区的碱坪沟小流域作为研究区域,利用遥感影像数据以及数字高程数据获得滑坡区的分布以及高程变化情况;2.运用基于物理概念的综合水文模型(In HM)对该流域水文过程进行模拟精度验证;3.对滑坡发生前后的降雨产流过程分别进行数值模拟,探讨在同样降雨条件下,由于滑坡所引起的下垫面特性变化对产流过程的影响。结论:1.震后滑坡灾害所带来的下垫面变化导致了流域内的山洪特性变化,且在流域内局部地区的表现更为明显,局部山洪危害增加;2.与震前相比,随着暴雨规模的增强,震后下垫面变化所致的流量峰值增量也随之增加,峰值的增加比例在6小时雨量达到235 mm时急剧增大,但降雨持续增强后趋近于稳定值(约87%)。

Canonical correlation analysis of hydrological response and soil erosion under moving rainfall

The impacts of rainfall direction on the degree of hydrological response to rainfall properties were investigated using comparative rainfall-runoff experiments on a small-scale slope(4 m×1 m),as well as canonical correlation analysis(CCA).The results of the CCA,based on the observed data showed that,under conditions of both upstream and downstream rainfall movements,the hydrological process can be divided into instantaneous and cumulative responses,for which the driving forces are rainfall intensity and total rainfall,and coupling with splash erosion and wash erosion,respectively.The response of peak runoff(Pr)to intensity-dominated rainfall action appeared to be the most significant,and also runoff(R)to rainfall-dominated action,both for upstream-and downstream-moving conditions.Furthermore,the responses of sediment erosion in downstream-moving condition were more significant than those in upstream-moving condition.This study indicated that a CCA between rainfall and hydrological characteristics is effective for further exploring the rainfall-runoff-erosion mechanism under conditions of moving rainfall,especially for the downstream movement condition.

Drought analysis using multi-scale standardized precipitation index in the Han River Basin,China

Regional drought analysis provides useful information for sustainable water resources management.In this paper,a standardized precipitation index(SPI) at multiple time scales was used to investigate the spatial patterns and trends of drought in the Han River Basin,one of the largest tributaries of Yangtze River,China.It was found that,in terms of drought severity,the upper basin of the Han River is the least,while the growing trend is the most conspicuous;a less conspicuous growing trend can be observed in the middle basin;and there is an insignificant decreasing trend in the lower basin.Meanwhile,the impact of drought on the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project was investigated,and it is suggested that water intake must be reduced in times of drought,particularly when successive or simultaneous droughts in the upper and middle basins of the Han River Basin occur.The results can provide substantial information for future water allocation schemes of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project.

Investigation on the width-to-depth ratio effect on turbulent flows in a sharp meandering channel with periodic boundaries using large eddy simulations

As one of the most common river patterns in nature,meandering river has very complex flow structures in its curved channel bends,including secondary flow structure and primary flow velocity redistributions.To date,most of the studies have been carried out on the flow structures in channel bends with unavoidable influences from inlet and outlet boundaries,while a streamwise periodic boundary can overcome this shortcoming elegantly.In this paper,large eddy simulations(LES)are employed to investigate the complex flow structures in periodically continuous sharp sine-generated bends.The influence of width-to-depth ratios and dimensionless curvature radiuses are studied.The results highlight two additional vortex structures beyond the commonly known secondary currents:The recirculation zone(RZ)and the inner bank cell(IBC).The width-to-depth ratio shows the determining effect on the recirculation zone.The size of recirculation zone is usually bigger in sine-generated-curve(SGC)channel with large width-to-depth ratios.The biggest recirculation zones appear between the zero-curvature section and the apex section.The inner bank cell only forms in SGC channels with small width-to-depth ratios and low curvature.For SGC channel with large width-to-depth ratios,only one circulation cell is observed near the inner bank.The spatial variations of turbulent features are also revealed by statistical analysis based on the LES sampling data.Results highlight remarkable effect of width-to-depth ratio and dimensionless curvature radius on the turbulent kinetic energy(TKE)and bed shear stress in SGC channels.