Cetuximab combined with chemotherapy for simultaneous esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Multiple primary carcinomas(MPCs)are defined as two or more independent primary cancers that occur simultaneously or sequentially in the same individual.Synchronous MPCs are rarer than solitary cancers or metachronous MPCs.Accurate diagnoses of synchronous MPCs and the choice of treatment are critical for successful outcomes in these cases.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old patient presented with dysphagia,without obvious cause.A diagnosis of synchronous esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis was confirmed based on examination and laboratory results.After multi-disciplinary consultations,combination chemotherapy(a 3-wk cycle with oxaliplatin 212 mg administered on day 1 and capecitabine 1.5 g twice daily on days 1-14)and esophageal cancer radiotherapy were initiated.Based on the results of genetic testing,we switched to a regimen of leucovorin+fluorouracil+oxaliplatin and cetuximab regimen for 8 cycles.Subsequently,capecitabine and bevacizumab were administered until the most recent follow-up,at which the tumor remained stable.CONCLUSION Successful cetuximab chemotherapy treatment provides a reference for the nonoperative and homogeneous treatment of different pathological types of synchronous MCPs.

SURFACE MODIFICATION OF PVDF POROUS MEMBRANES

A novel method for the surface modification of PVDF porous membranes was introduced. Styrene-（N-（4- hydroxyphenyl） maleimide） alternating copolymer SHMI-Br was blended with PVDF to fabricate SHMI-Br/PVDF membranes. The C-Br bond on the SHMI-Br/PVDF membrane was served as initial site of ATRP, and P（PEGMA） brush was grafted on the PVDF membrane. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ATR/FTIR） was used to prove the P（PEGMA） brushes were successfully grafted onto the SHMI-Br/PVDF membrane surface. Introduction of P（PEGMA） brushes on the PVDF membrane surface enhanced the hydrophilicity effectively. When the PEGMA degree of grafting was 16.7 wt%, the initial contact angle of PVDF membrane decreased from 98° to 42°. The anti-fouling ability of PVDF membrane was improved significantly after P（PEGMA） brush was ~afted. Taking the PEGMA degree of grafting 16.7 wt% as an example, the flux of protein solution was about 151.21 L/（m h） when the pH value of the BSA solution was 4.9. As the pH value was increased to 7.4, the flux was changed to 180.06 L/（m2 h）. However, the protein solution flux of membrane M3 （PEGMA： 0 wt%） was only 73.84 L/（m2 h） and 113.52 L/（m2 h） at pH 4.9 and 7.4, respectively.

Preparation of Three Dimensional Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Blend Membranes with Excellent Dye Removal Efficiency and Investigation of Adsorption Mechanism

In this work,poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)membranes with hydrophilicity as well as preeminent mechanical strength and dye removal efficiency were fabricated by blending with three dimensional hydroxyapatite nanoparticles(HAPNPs).Surface chemical composition and morphology of the prepared membranes were systematically investigated by ATR-FTIR,XPS,XRD,FESEM,and EDS mapping analyses.The results verified that a large number of HAPNPs were successfully embedded on the modified membrane crosssections.Moreover,HAPNPs content in the casting solution is an important factor that could have profound influence on the structures and performances of PVDF/HAPNPs blend membranes.The optimal membrane M2 with 2 wt%HAPNPs exhibited excellent hydrophilicity,outstanding mechanical strength of 19.60 MPa,and high water flux of(2466±31)L·m^2·h^-1.The maximum static adsorption capacity of the optimal membrane was about 10.83 mg/g,which is 3.75 times that of the pristine PVDF membrane(2.89 mg/g).PVDF/HAPNPs membranes were not only utilized for static adsorption,but also applied to dynamic dye removal.The possible adsorption mechanism between Congo red(CR)and HAPNPs embedded on the blend membranes was firstly discussed in this work.HAPNPs interacted with CR via Lewis reaction,hydrogen bond interaction,as well as electrostatic attraction to achieve the adsorption effect.Herein,the PVDF/HAPNPs blend membranes with extraordinary hydrophilicity,mechanical strength,and dye removal efficiency possess tremendous potential for practical applications of wastewater treatment.