Molecular-level proton acceptor boosts oxygen evolution catalysis to enable efficient industrial-scale water splitting

Industrial water splitting has long been suppressed by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),which requires a catalyst to be efficient.Herein,we propose a molecular-level proton acceptor strategy to produce an efficient OER catalyst that can boost industrial-scale water splitting.Molecular-level phosphate(-PO_(4))group is introduced to modify the surface of PrBa_(0.5)Ca_(0.5)Co_(2)O_(5)+δ(PBCC).The achieved catalyst(PO_(4)-PBCC)exhibits significantly enhanced catalytic performance in alkaline media.Based on the X-ray absorption spectroscopy results and density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the PO_(4)on the surface,which is regarded as the Lewis base,is the key factor to overcome the kinetic limitation of the proton transfer process during the OER.The use of the catalyst in a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is further evaluated for industrial-scale water splitting,and it only needs a low voltage of 1.66 V to achieve a large current density of 1 A cm^(-2).This work provides a new molecular-level strategy to develop highly efficient OER electrocatalysts for industrial applications.

Accelerating the evaluation of operational lifetimes of perovskite solar cells and modules

Compared with the power conversion efficicency,the operational stability of perovskite solar cells(PsCs)remains a major challenge hampering its commercialization.However,conducting a light soaking test under 1 sun illumination to get a long lifetime is time-consuming and experimentally inefficient.Here,we report an accelerated stability test protocol by aging PsCs under high-intensity light illumination to accelerate the evaluation of their operation stability.It is found that the efficiency degradation rate of a typical inverted PsC is almost linearly dependent on the light intensity within the range of 1 to 4 suns regardless of the encapsulations.The results prove that it can save the light-soaking time by at least 4 times to predict the operation lifetime on the basis of the equivalent light irradiation dose.

Influence of Spray Gun Position and Orientation on Liquid Film Development along a Cylindrical Surface

A method combining computationalfluid dynamics(CFD)and an analytical approach is proposed to develop a prediction model for the variable thickness of the spray-induced liquidfilm along the surface of a cylindrical workpiece.The numerical method relies on an Eulerian-Eulerian technique.Different cylinder diameters and positions and inclinations of the spray gun are considered and useful correlations for the thickness of the liquidfilm and its distribution are determined using various datafitting algorithms.Finally,the reliability of the pro-posed method is verified by means of experimental tests where the robot posture is changed.The provided cor-relation are intended to support the optimization of spray-based coating applications.

Intrahepatic portal venous systems in adult patients with cavernous transformation of portal vein: Imaging features and a new classification

Background: Cavernous transformation of the portal vein(CTPV) due to portal vein obstruction is a rare vascular anomaly defined as the formation of multiple collateral vessels in the hepatic hilum. This study aimed to investigate the imaging features of intrahepatic portal vein in adult patients with CTPV and establish the relationship between the manifestations of intrahepatic portal vein and the progression of CTPV. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 14 CTPV patients in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital. All patients underwent both direct portal venography(DPV) and computed tomography angiography(CTA) to reveal the manifestations of the portal venous system. The vessels measured included the left portal vein(LPV), right portal vein(RPV), main portal vein(MPV) and the portal vein bifurcation(PVB). Results: Nine males and 5 females, with a median age of 40.5 years, were included in the study. No significant difference was found in the diameters of the LPV or RPV measured by DPV and CTA. The visualization in terms of LPV, RPV and PVB measured by DPV was higher than that by CTA. There was a significant association between LPV/RPV and PVB/MPV in term of visibility revealed with DPV( P = 0.01), while this association was not observed with CTA. According to the imaging features of the portal vein measured by DPV, CTPV was classified into three categories to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: DPV was more accurate than CTA for revealing the course of the intrahepatic portal vein in patients with CTPV. The classification of CTPV, that originated from the imaging features of the portal vein revealed by DPV, may provide a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of CTPV.

Metformin:A promising clinical therapeutical approach for BPH treatment via inhibiting dysregulated steroid hormones-induced prostatic epithelial cells proliferation

The occurrence of benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH)was related to disrupted sex steroid hormones,and metformin(Met)had a clinical response to sex steroid hormone-related gynaecological disease.However,whether Met exerts an antiproliferative effect on BPH via sex steroid hormones remains unclear.Here,our clinical study showed that along with prostatic epithelial cell(PEC)proliferation,sex steroid hormones were dysregulated in the serum and prostate of BPH patients.As the major contributor to dysregulated sex steroid hormones,elevated dihydrotestosterone(DHT)had a significant positive relationship with the clinical characteristics of BPH patients.Activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)by Met restored dysregulated sex steroid hormone homeostasis and exerted antiproliferative effects against DHT-induced proliferation by inhibiting the formation of androgen receptor(AR)-mediated Yes-associated protein(YAP1)-TEA domain transcription factor(TEAD4)heterodimers.Met’s anti-proliferative effects were blocked by AMPK inhibitor or YAP1 overexpression in DHT-cultured BPH-1 cells.Our findings indicated that Met would be a promising clinical therapeutic approach for BPH by inhibiting dysregulated steroid hormone-induced PEC proliferation.

构建高效稳定的低温反向偏置双极膜电解槽用于二氧化碳还原

二氧化碳电化学还原为高附加值的化学品和原料是一种具有应用前景的负碳技术.在过去十几年里,研究人员在碱性和中性电解质中进行了大量的二氧化碳电还原研究,并在活性、选择性和稳定性方面取得了很多进展.然而,二氧化碳与碱性电解液反应生成碳酸盐,导致碳利用率较低(远低于产业化应用要求).因此,未来二氧化碳电还原领域面临的关键挑战是如何有效提高碳利用率.为解决这一挑战,在酸性电解质中进行二氧化碳电还原成为了一个可行的方案,它可以有效避免“碳酸盐问题”的发生.而基于双极膜的二氧化碳电解槽技术,则允许阴/阳极在不同pH的电解质中运行,是提高碳利用率的有效方案之一.本文首先介绍了双极膜的运行模式、热力学过程、物质传输现象、水解离/合成过程以及极限电流密度的起源,并总结了近期在双极膜优化方面取得的进展.然后,进一步聚焦于双极膜在常用的三类高效二氧化碳电解槽(流通池电解槽、膜电极电解槽和固态电解质电解槽)中的应用,详细探讨了其研究进展及所面临的挑战,并强调了针对不同结构电解槽的优化策略.值得一提的是,基于反向偏置双极膜的电解槽设计在促进质子传输至阴极、抑制碳酸盐形成方面表现出显著优势,进而有效提高了碳利用率.然而,大的质子通量同时也促进了竞争性的析氢反应,这在一定程度上抑制了二氧化碳转化为多碳产物.为了解决这一问题,流通池电解槽中的阴极电解液可以被用作缓冲层,通过调节阴极液的组成和厚度,实现电极表面在较高的pH下进行二氧化碳电还原,同时本体电解液维持在酸性,从而促进生成的碳酸盐再生为二氧化碳.另一方面,膜电极电解槽,又称零间隙电解槽,其设计特点在于催化剂层和膜直接接触,这种结构降低了电解液引起的电压损耗,提高了电解效率.然而,这种紧密接触也导致阴极表面的化学环境受到膜的强烈影响.大量质子通过膜传输至阴极,导致催化剂处于强酸性环境中,这为开发高效且稳定的二氧化碳还原电催化剂带来了很大挑战.近期,多种策略已成功应用于设计能够在pH≤1电解质中稳定运行的二氧化碳还原催化剂,包括双金属催化剂、杂原子掺杂金属催化剂和先进分子催化剂.此外,也可以通过构建界面缓冲层来精细调节局部pH值并优化阴极表面化学环境,从而进一步提升膜电极电解槽中二氧化碳电还原的选择性.为了实现商业应用,二氧化碳电解槽需要直接生成高浓度的产品,以减少后续的分离成本.为此,固态电解质二氧化碳电解槽提供了一种有效的解决方案.通过在阴离子交换膜和阳离子交换膜之间引入固态电解质,使得阴极表面形成的带负电物质(例如CH3COO-)能够顺利通过阴离子交换层并输送到固态电解质中,随后与阳极提供的质子结合,形成高纯度液体产品.最后,本文提出了双极膜二氧化碳电解槽面临的机遇和挑战,其中包括:(1)开发具有高离子选择性、高机械稳定性和低膜阻的新型双极膜;(2)开发对高附加值产品具有高本征活性和选择性的新型催化剂;(3)构筑具有高效气/液/电子传输的气体扩散电极;(4)设计低能耗和高稳定性的电解槽.综上所述,本文详细介绍了基于反向偏置双极膜的二氧化碳电解槽在研究进展以及工业应用方面的可行性,为未来开发具有高碳利用率和能量效率的二氧化碳还原技术提供了参考.

Age-related differences in long-term potentiation-like plasticity and shortlatency afferent inhibition and their association with cognitive function

Background The neurophysiological differences in cortical plasticity and cholinergic system function due to ageing and their correlation with cognitive function remain poorly understood.Aims To reveal the differences in long-term potentiation(LTP)-like plasticity and short-latency afferent inhibition(SAl)between older and younger individuals,alongside their correlation with cognitive function using transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS).Methods The cross-sectional study involved 31 younger adults aged 18-30 and 46 older adults aged 60-80.All participants underwent comprehensive cognitive assessments and a neurophysiological evaluation based on TMS.Cognitive function assessments included evaluations of global cognitive function,language,memory and executive function.The neurophysiological assessment included LTP-like plasticity and SAl.Results The findings of this study revealed a decline in LTP among the older adults compared with the younger adults(wald χ^(2)=3.98,p=0.046).Subgroup analysis further demonstrated a significant reduction in SAl level among individuals aged 70-80 years in comparison to both the younger adults(SAI(N20)):(t=-3.37,p=0.018);SAl(N20+4):(t=-3.13,p=0.038)and those aged 60-70(SAl(N20)):(t=3.26,p=0.025);SAl(N20+4):(t=-3.69,p=0.006).Conversely,there was no notable difference in SAl level between those aged 60-70 years and the younger group.Furthermore,after employing the Bonferroni correction,the correlation analysis revealed that only the positive correlation between LTP-like plasticity and language function(r=0.61,p<0.001)in the younger group remained statistically significant.Conclusions During the normal ageing process,a decline in synaptic plasticity may precede cholinergic system dysfunction.In individuals over 60 years of age,there is a reduction in LTP-like plasticity,while a decline in cholinergic system function is observed in those over 70.Thus,the cholinergic system may play a vital role in preventing cognitive decline during normal ageing.In younger individuals,LTP-like plasticity might represent a potential neurophysiological marker for language function.

西北某三甲医院移动支付对门诊质量影响

目的 通过移动支付流程改造,改善就医体验,促进门诊质量提升。方法 以西北某三甲医院门诊部作为研究对象,利用质量管理工具,结合信息化移动支付流程改造,对门诊患者等待时间和门诊患者满意度等进行系统分析。结果 信息化移动支付流程改造后,患者的等待时间和满意度与上一年相比都具有显著性差异(t=3.207,P=0.003;t=-6.047,P=0.010)。结论 医院门诊医疗中采用信息化移动支付能够减少门诊患者等待时间,改善门诊患者满意度。

Influence of social capital on farmer household income gap:total effect and structural effect

Based on the survey data of typical villages in Shaanxi Province,China,the effect of social capital on the income gap of farmers' households was analyzed using the Shapley value of the total amount of social capital and the social capital structure.The results show the following:first,social capital can expand the household income gap,and the effect of this index on the household income gap is 7.54%.Second,the indexes of the social capital dimension can expand the household income gap,and the structural effects of the household income gap on social networks,social trust,and social participation are 3.17%,3.64%,and 0.65%,respectively.Third,no dimension of the path is the same as the effect on the household income gap.

Acoustic and Intraluminal Ultrasonic Technologies in the Diagnosis of Diseases in Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review

Gastrointestinal (GI) auscultation (listening to sounds from stomach and bowel) has been applied for abdominal physical assessment for many years. This article evaluates the technique involved in listening to both bowel and stomach sounds and the significance of both normal and abnormal GI auscultation findings. Moreover, intraluminal ultrasonic techniques have been widely used for gastrointestinal disease diagnosis by providing intraluminal images since 1980s, this article also reviews the existing intraluminal ultrasonic technology for diagnosing of GI disorders.

Efficacy and safety of sirolimus early conversion protocol in liver transplant patients with hepatocellular carcinoma:A single-arm, multicenter, prospective study

Mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) inhibitor as an attractive drug target with promising antitumor effects has been widely investigated. High quality clinical trial has been conducted in liver transplant(LT) recipients in Western countries. However, the pertinent studies in Eastern world are paucity. Therefore, we designed a clinical trial to test whether sirolimus can improve recurrence-free survival(RFS) in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients beyond the Milan criteria after LT. This is an open-labeled, single-arm, prospective, multicenter, and real-world study aiming to evaluate the clinical outcomes of early switch to sirolimus-based regimens in HCC patients after LT. Patients with a histologically proven HCC and beyond the Milan criteria will be enrolled. The initial immunosuppressant regimens are center-specifc for the frst 4-6 weeks. The following regimens integrated sirolimus into the regimens as a combination therapy with reduced calcineurin inhibitors based on the condition of patients and centers. The study is planned for 4 years in total with a 2-year enrollment period and a 2-year follow-up. We predict that sirolimus conversion regimen will provide survival benefts for patients particular in the key indicator RFS as well as better quality of life. If the trial is conducted successfully, we will have a continued monitoring over a longer follow-up time to estimate indicator of overall survival. We hope that the outcome will provide better evidence for clinical decision-making and revising treatment guidelines based on Chinese population data.

Influence of Hydro dynamic Motion on the Mass EflFect in the Distribution of High Energy Nuclear Collisions

Contrary to that without considering the hydrodynamic motion,the mass effect in the transverse momentum distribution of high energy nuclear collisions is/bund not negligible at high temperature after tie hydrodynamic motion is considered.So on the occasions for high temperature,such as the formation of quark-gluon-plasma,mass effect must be taken into account.

Normal Criteria and Shared Values by Differential Polynomials

For a family of meromorphic functions on a domain D, it is discussed whether F is normal on D if for every pair functions f(z),g∈F , f'–afnand g'–agn share value d on D when n=2,3, where a, b are two complex numbers, a≠0,∞,b≠∞.Finally, the following result is obtained:Let F be a family of meromorphic functions in D, all of whose poles have multiplicity at least 4 , all of whose zeros have multiplicity at least 2. Suppose that there exist two functions a(z) not idendtically equal to zero, d(z) analytic in D, such that for each pair of functions f and in F , f'–a(z)f2 and g'–a(z)g2 share the function d(z) . If a(z) has only a multiple zeros and f(z)≠∞ whenever a(z)=0 , then F is normal in D.

航空装配领域中命名实体识别的持续学习框架

为了构建航空装配领域中装配流程信息、装配技术知识、行业标准和三者内在联系组成的航空装配知识图谱,提出基于持续学习的命名实体识别技术框架.所提框架的特点是从零语料到大规模语料的渐进式学习过程中,在不依赖人工设定特征的情况下,始终保持较高的识别效果.从飞机总装配和部件对接的实际工业场景展开所提框架的性能对比实验,并以操纵拉杆和钢索的安装为实验案例.实验结果表明,在处理不同规模的语料环境的情况下,所提框架在正确率、召回率、F1值上均显著优于以往算法,所提框架可以为航空装配领域命名实体识别任务持续提供可信的结果.

知柏地黄丸合白虎汤治疗2型糖尿病的疗效观察

目的观察知柏地黄丸合白虎汤加减治疗2型糖尿病对患者控糖效果的影响。方法选取该院2020年1月-2022年1月收治的80例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者作为研究对象,采用完全随机分组法将患者分为对照组和治疗组各40例。对照组给予口服盐酸二甲双胍进行治疗,治疗组在对照组基础之上给予知柏地黄丸合白虎汤加减治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效,在治疗前及治疗4周后,检测并比较两组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、2 h餐后血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)水平,采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)比较两组患者血清中白细胞介素(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平,在治疗期间统计比较两组不良反应总发生率。结果治疗组临床总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗4周后,治疗组FBG、2 hPG及HbA1c水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗4周后,治疗组TC、TG水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗4周后,治疗组血清中IL-6、TNF-α水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗期间,两组患者不良反应总发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论知柏地黄丸合白虎汤加减治疗可以提高T2DM患者临床疗效,有助于血糖和血脂控制,降低了炎症水平且不会增加不良反应。

GAP的合成与化学改性研究进展

聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)的燃烧热高、燃烧温度低、热稳定性好、燃气洁净以及与氧化剂相容性好,是传统惰性黏合剂端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)的有利替代品之一,在高能推进剂配方中广泛使用,但其分子链中存在大体积极性叠氮侧基,阻碍了分子链的运动,降低了主链的柔韧性,导致其力学性能尤其是低温力学性能较差。化学改性可以较好地调节GAP的性能,引起了国内外含能材料研究者们广泛关注。本文详细阐述了一步法、两步法GAP的合成工艺;论述了各种GAP的化学改性方法,阐明了不同结构与性能的关系,分析了存在的问题和不足,展望了未来开发可控易行、绿色环保的高分子量GAP合成策略、性能研究方法以及在高能热塑性弹性体方面的应用前景。

1英寸CsPbCl_(3)晶体的生长及其发光性能研究

CsPbX_(3)(X=Cl^(-), Br^(-), I^(-))钙钛矿单晶具有优异的光电性能,有望成为下一代光电探测材料。由于CsCl在前驱体中的溶解度过小,通过低温溶液法较难生长得到CsPbCl_(3)晶体。本工作采用坩埚下降法成功生长了1英寸完整的CsPbCl_(3)晶体,并对晶体进行了一系列加工,得到了ϕ10 mm×10 mm和厚度为2 mm的单晶片。测试了晶体的X射线粉末衍射图谱、TG/DTA曲线、X射线激发发射光谱、透过光谱和低温荧光光谱。在X射线的激发下,在430和575 nm观察到两个X射线激发发射峰,晶体的透过率达到75%;光致发光(PL)强度与温度依赖性曲线中可以观察到热猝灭现象,计算得到晶体4个峰的激子结合能分别为12.59、8.21、12.41和21.59 meV。

Caudate lobe-sparing subtotal hepatectomy as treatment for extensive intrahepatic arterioportal fistula

Intrahepatic arterioportal fistulas(APFs)are abnormal hepatic artery and portal vein(PV)communications that develop as a result of congenital malformation,trauma,ruptured hepatic aneurysm,cirrhosis,tumor-related changes,biopsy,chemotherapy or iatrogenic causes[1,2].The most common symptoms are gastrointestinal bleeding and ascites secondary to portal hypertension;other symptoms include abdominal pain,pyrexia,edema,back pain and jaundice[3].The main goal of therapy is to decrease the portal pressure with variceal bleeding being the absolute indi-cation for surgical management.Transarterial embolization(TAE)should be the first choice to treat APFs,while resection,portocaval shunt and even transplantation may cure APFs in the case of TAE failure[4].In previous reports,caudate lobe-sparing subtotal hep-atectomy(CLSSH)has been applied for the treatment of primary hepatolithiasis and hepatocellular carcinoma[5,6].As far as we know,this is the first report describing CLSSH as treatment for an extensive intrahepatic APF,which involved segments 2 to 8,with corresponding hypertrophy of the caudate lobe.

两种外生菌根真菌的分离鉴定及其培养特性研究

为获取外生菌根真菌种质资源,了解其离体培养最适条件,本研究对采自江西省九江市庐山国家级自然保护区的两种外生菌根真菌子实体进行组织分离,结合子实体形态和ITS序列对两种外生菌根真菌进行鉴定,采用固体培养法研究温度、pH、碳源、氮源及碳氮比对两种外生菌根真菌生长的影响。结果表明,两种外生菌根真菌经鉴定分别为柳氏硬皮地星(Astraeus ryoocheoninii)和花脸香蘑(Lepista sordida)。在纯培养条件下,两株真菌的最适温度均为25℃,最适生长pH值为5-6,最适碳源均为葡萄糖,最适氮源均为铵盐,柳氏硬皮地星最适碳氮比为5∶1,花脸香蘑最适碳氮比为40∶1。本研究初步确定了这两种ECM真菌的最适培养条件,为其菌丝体扩繁和菌剂生产及开发其食药用价值和生态价值奠定了基础。

3株马尾松外生菌根真菌菌丝最适生长条件探究

为明确小笠原须腹菌、硬皮地星和彩色豆马勃的最适生长条件,研究温度、pH、碳源、氮源及碳氮比对3种外生菌根真菌生长的影响。结果表明3种ECM真菌的最适生长条件具有明显差异,小笠原须腹菌最适pH为4.0~5.0,最适温度为25~30℃,最适碳源为蔗糖、果糖、淀粉和甘露醇,最适氮源为铵态氮,最适碳氮比为40∶1;硬皮地星最适pH为5.0~7.0,最适温度为25℃,最适碳源为蔗糖,最适氮源为铵态氮,最适碳氮比为5∶1;彩色豆马勃最适pH为6.0,最适温度为30~35℃,最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为铵态氮、硝态氮和蛋白胨,最适碳氮比为10∶1。