Realizing methanol synthesis from CO and water via the synergistic effect of Cu^(0)/Cu^(+)over Cu/ZrO_(2) catalyst

The optimizing utilization of ca rbon resources has drawn wide attention all over the world,while exploiting the high-efficiency catalytic routes remains a challenge.Here,a direct methanol synthesis route is realized from pure CO and H_(2)O over 10%Cu/t-ZrO_(2) catalyst,where the time yield of methanol is144.43 mmol mol_(Cu)^(-1)h^(-1)and the methanol selectivity in hydrocarbons is 100%,The Cu species highly dispersed in the t-ZrO_(2) support lead parts of them in the cationic state.The Cu^(+)sites contribute to the dissociation of H_(2)O,providing the H*source for methanol synthesis,while the formed Cu^(0) sites promote the absorption and transfer of H*during the reaction.Moreover,the H_(2)O is even a better H resource than H_(2) due to its better dissociation effectivity in this catalytic system.The present work offers a new approach for methanol synthesis from CO and new insight into the process of supplying H donor.

The Relationship Between NLRP3 Inflammasome and Its Downstream Inflammatory Factors in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis Under Cigarette Exposure

Aim:To study the relationship between NLRP3(nucleotide oligomerization domain[NOD]-,leucine-rich repeats[LRR]-,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3)inflammasome and its downstream inflammatory factors in obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)patients with carotid atherosclerosis(CAS)under cigarette exposure,further exploring the risk factors of CAS in OSA patients.Methods:A total of 109 adult males who underwent polysomnography and carotid artery ultrasonography in our hospital from October 2019 to December 2021 were selected.According to the detection results,they were divided into the OSA group,the CAS group,and the OSA combined CAS group;additionally,29 healthy subjects who underwent a physical examination were also included.According to whether they were smoking,the groups were further divided into smoking and non-smoking groups.The age,body mass index(BMI),blood pressure,apnea-hypopnea index(AHI),lowest blood oxygen saturation(LSaO2),carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT),levels of blood sugar,blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLc),and serum NLRP3,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and interleukin-18(IL-18)of all subjects were recorded.Results:The OSA combined CAS group had higher LDLc levels and AHI and lower LSaO2 than the OSA group and CAS group.The levels of serum NLRP3,IL-1β,and IL-18 in the OSA group were higher than those in the normal control group(P<0.05);and those in the OSA combined CAS group were higher than the OSA group and CAS group(P<0.05),regardless of cigarette exposure.Considering cigarette exposure,serum NLRP3,IL-1β,and IL-18 levels were higher in the OSA,CAS,and OSA combined CAS smoking groups than those in the non-smoking group(P<0.05).Under cigarette exposure,AHI,LDLc,NLRP3,IL-1β,and IL-18 were significantly positively correlated(P<0.05),and LSaO2 was negatively correlated with CAS in OSA(P<0.05).AHI,LSaO2,LDLc,NLRP3,and IL-1βare the risk factors for OSA combined with CAS.Conclusion:LSaO2,AHI,LDLc,NLRP3,and IL-1βare the important risk factors for OSA combined with CAS under cigarette exposure,and their levels can be used to predict the occurrence of CAS in OSA.

Photocatalytic oxidation of methane to methanol over zinc titanate supported silver catalysts

The direct activation of methane under mild condition to achieve highly selective of oxygenates is a challenging project.In this study,a well dispersed silver supported ZnTiO_(3) catalyst was prepared to achieve selective preparation of methanol from methane and water under mild condition.X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations demonstrate that silver species are uniformly dispersed on ZnTiO_(3) surface in the form of metallic silver nanoparticles.The photoelectric characterizations reveal that the addition of silver species enhances light absorption and promotes charge separation of the catalysts.Under the reaction conditions of 50℃and 3 MPa,the methanol is obtained as the only liquid product over the designed Ag/ZnTiO_(3) catalyst under light irradiation.In this photocatalytic process,the holes generated by ZnTiO_(3) activate water to produce intermediate·OH,which further reacts with methane to synthesize methanol.The silver species as co-catalysts extend the light absorption range of ZnTiO_(3) as well as promote charge separation.

非洲猪瘟疫情背景下我国生猪保险发展现状、功能作用及对策建议探讨

生猪产业是农业生产的重要组成部分,是农民收入的重要来源之一,猪肉也是我国城乡居民的主要副食品。2018年8月,我国暴发非洲猪瘟疫情,非洲猪瘟对我国生猪产业造成了较大影响,猪肉产能迅速下降,猪肉价格持续上涨。发展生猪保险,是落实国家扶持生猪生产政策的重要举措,有利于帮助农户分散转移风险,调动养猪积极性,推动农民增收;有利于提高生猪产业防灾防疫能力,稳定生猪市场供应,保障人民生活;有利于充分发挥保险的社会管理功能,助力国家乡村振兴战略。文章首先简要介绍了我国生猪保险业务发展现状,包括业务规模、保险产品情况及存在问题等,在此基础上结合生产实际情况,对非洲猪瘟背景下我国生猪保险对生猪稳产保供的功能作用进行了详细分析,包括经济补偿、价格稳定、风险管理、融资增信、社会治理和产业扶贫等六大方面。虽然我国生猪保险业务发展取得了较好成效,但仍面临着业务覆盖率偏低、道德风险高、市场化保费费率定价缺乏等难题,所以文章在最后提出了推进我国生猪保险稳定健康发展的相关建议。

Dissecting Psychiatric Heterogeneity and Comorbidity with Core Region-Based Machine Learning

Machine learning approaches are increasingly being applied to neuroimaging data from patients with psychiatric disorders to extract brain-based features for diagnosis and prognosis.The goal of this review is to discuss recent practices for evaluating machine learning applications to obsessive-compulsive and related disorders and to advance a novel strategy of building machine learning models based on a set of core brain regions for better performance,interpretability,and generalizability.Specifically,we argue that a core set of co-altered brain regions(namely‘core regions’)comprising areas central to the underlying psychopathology enables the efficient construction of a predictive model to identify distinct symptom dimensions/clusters in individual patients.Hypothesis-driven and data-driven approaches are further introduced showing how core regions are identified from the entire brain.We demonstrate a broadly applicable roadmap for leveraging this core set-based strategy to accelerate the pursuit of neuroimaging-based markers for diagnosis and prognosis in a variety of psychiatric disorders.

Photoluminescence manipulation in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)have been regarded as an intriguing platform for exploring novel physical phenomena and optoelectronic devices due to their excitonic emission characteristics derived from the atomic thin thickness and reduced dielectric screening effect.Notably,monolayer TMDCs with a direct bandgap exhibiting strong photoluminescence(PL)are promising candidates for the light-emitting devices,while the interlayer excitons in heterostructures hold great potential for the photonic chips and optical communication applications.However,the non-ideal photoluminescent intensity and quality due to the ultrathin thickness and high defect density of experimentally obtained monolayer TMDCs limit the further development for the light-emission applications.Here,we summarize the research progress on the PL manipulation of the excitonic emission in TMDCs,where the PL intensity enhancement and emission wavelength regulation are included.The concept and characteristics of excitons are overviewed firstly,followed by the discussion on the evaluation and characterization of excitonic emission.The state-of-the-art progress on the manipulation of the neutral excitons and interlayer excitons PL are then summarized.Finally,the challenges and prospects are proposed.

Nanomaterials disrupting cell-cell junctions towards various diseases

As the continuous development of the industrial revolution,nanomaterials with excellent characteristics have been widely applied in various fields,greatly increasing the probability of human exposure to nanomaterials and the concerns about the potential nanotoxicity.Existing studies have shown that the toxicity of nanomaterials may be closely related to oxidative stress,inflammatory response,phagocytosis dysfunction,DNA damage,etc.Based on our focus,nanomaterials may cross the human barrier through various channels and disrupt various cell-cell junctions,while the integrity of cellular barrier is a necessary for the normal physiological function of various organs.However,until now,there is still a lack of systematic discussion in this field.This review illustrates the importance of cell-cell junctions in maintaining various organ functions and highlights the mechanism of various nanomaterials disrupt cell-cell junctions,as well as the possible damage to various organs,such as brain,eye,lung,breast,intestine,placenta,testis,heart,liver,kidney,skin,etc.Awareness of the potential negative effects of nanomaterials will help scientists deeply understand the limitations of nanotechnology,inspiring them to develop safer and more efficient nanomaterials for future personalized nanomedicine.

基于高通量测序技术分析四川两个奶牛场乳汁的菌群差异

【目的】本试验测定了两个奶牛场健康乳汁和乳房炎乳汁中微生物菌群的变化,以揭示不同奶牛场之乳汁菌群的异同,评估其对乳汁代谢的影响是否相同。【方法】采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术,分别测定两个奶牛场6头健康奶牛和6头乳房炎奶牛乳汁中微生物16S rRNA V4区序列,并对菌群群落结构和多样性进行比较,分析场内及场间的乳汁菌群差异。【结果】四组乳汁样本共获得4013234条原始序列,经过滤后获得2887024条优化序列。Alpha多样性Chao指数、Ace指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数差异均不显著(P>0.05);Beta多样性四组样本均分别聚类;在场1和场2中,引起奶牛乳房炎的优势菌属分别是克雷伯氏菌属和埃希氏菌属;在2个奶牛场的健康乳汁中,场2的埃希氏菌属、葡萄球菌属的丰度显著高于场1;在2个奶牛场的乳房炎乳汁中,场2的埃希氏菌属、乳球菌属的丰度显著高于场1;2个奶牛场健康乳汁中的嗜冷菌总丰度分别为31.87%和38.72%;关联分析及功能预测分析表明,2个奶牛场健康乳汁与乳房炎乳汁优势物种之间的关系差异较大;场1无论是Level 1还是Level 2水平,均发现显著性差异的代谢通路,而场2均未发现显著性差异的代谢通路。【结论】本试验研究了两个奶牛场健康乳汁和乳房炎乳汁微生物菌群之间的异同,为两个奶牛场在乳房炎的预防工作以及原料奶在冷链运输过程中质量控制提供理论依据。

Functional Connectivity-Based Modelling Simulates SubjectSpecific Network Spreading Effects of Focal Brain Stimulation

Neurostimulation remarkably alleviates the symptoms in a variety of brain disorders by modulating the brain-wide network. However, how brain-wide effects on the direct and indirect pathways evoked by focal neurostimulation elicit therapeutic effects in an individual patient is unknown. Understanding this remains crucial for advancing neural circuit-based guidance to optimize candidate patient screening, pre-surgical target selection, and post-surgical parameter tuning. To address this issue, we propose a functional brain connectome-based modeling approach that simulates the spreading effects of stimulating different brain regions and quantifies the rectification of abnormal network topology in silico. We validated these analyses by pinpointing nuclei in the basal ganglia circuits as top-ranked targets for 43 local patients with Parkinson’s disease and 90 patients from a public database. Individual connectome-based analysis demonstrated that the globus pallidus was the best choice for 21.1% and the subthalamic nucleus for 19.5% of patients. Down-regulation of functional connectivity(up to 12%) at these prioritized targets optimally maximized the therapeutic effects. Notably, the priority rank of the subthalamic nucleus significantly correlated with motor symptom severity(Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III) in the local cohort. These findings underscore the potential of neural network modeling for advancing personalized brain stimulation therapy,and warrant future experimental investigation to validate its clinical utility.

Reduction in thermal conductivity of monolayer WS_(2) caused by substrate effect

Understanding the substrate and temperature effect on thermal transport properties of transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)monolayers are crucial for their future applications.Herein,a dual-wavelength flash Raman(DF-Raman)method is used to measure the thermal conductivity of monolayer WS_(2) at a temperature range of 200–400 K.High measurement accuracy can be guaranteed in this method since the influence of both the laser absorption coefficient and temperature-Raman coefficient can be eliminated through normalization.The room-temperature thermal conductivity of suspended and supported WS_(2) are 28.5±2.1(30.3±2.0)and 15.4±1.9(16.9±2.1)W/(m·K),respectively,with a~50%reduction due to substrate effect.Molecular dynamics(MD)simulations reveal that the suppression of acoustic phonons is mainly responsible for the striking reduction.The behaviors of optical phonons are also unambiguously investigated using Raman spectroscopy,and the in-plane optical mode,E(Γ),is surprisingly found to be slightly enhanced while out-of-plane mode,A1g(Γ),is suppressed due to substrate interaction,mutually verified with MD results.Our study provides a solid understanding of the phonon transport behavior of WS_(2) with substrate interaction,which provides guidance for TMDs-based nanodevices.

Alleviatory effect of rare earth micro-fertilizer on photosystemⅡ(PSⅡ)photoinhibition in Pseudostellaria heterophylla leaves at photosynthetic midday depression

In order to explo re the mitigatory mechanism of rare earths on the midday depression of photosynthesis,this study used fast-phase chlorophyll fluorescence technology combined with an antioxidant enzyme system to analyze the effects of lanthanum and cerium on the photosystemⅡ(PSⅡ)function of Pseudostellaria heterophylla leaves at noon.The results show that the maximum photochemical efficiency(F_(v)/F_(m))and the photosynthetic performance index(PI_(ABS))of P.heterophylla leaves during the photo synthetic noon-break are only 0.73 and 0.86,respectively.The leaves of P.heterophylla show obvious photoinhibition.The application of two rare earth fertilizers promotes the light energy absorption,capture,conversion,and electron transfer efficiencies of PSⅡin the P.heterophylla leaves and alleviates the photoinhibition caused by excess excitation energy.Additionally,the effect of lanthanum is better than that of cerium.In the fertilization groups,P.heterophylla leaves show higher PSⅡphotochemical activity.Fertilization protects the oxygen-evolving complex(OEC)activity of P.heterophylla,thus reducing oxidative damage to the chloroplasts and preventing the dissociation of the thylakoids to maintain the normal physiological functioning of PSⅡ,thereby reducing the degree of photoinhibition.Additionally,fertilization increases the electron transfer ability from Q_(A) to Q_(B) on the PSⅡelectron receptor side of P.heterophylla.Correlation analysis shows that the fluorescence parameters V_(L),V_(K),and V_(J) are significantly negatively correlated with antioxidant enzyme activity and are significantly positively correlated with malondialdehyde content,relative electric conductivity and reactive oxygen species(ROS),which further indicates that rare earths can enhance the ROS scavenging system in plants and reduce the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation and plasma membrane damage,thereby maintaining the structure and function of the OEC on the donor side of PSⅡ,increasing the electron receptor pool,and contributing to the defense against photoinhibition.