TiO_(2)Electron Transport Layer with p-n Homojunctions for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Low-temperature processed electron transport layer(ETL)of TiO_(2)that is widely used in planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has inherent low carrier mobility,resulting in insufficient photogenerated elec-tron transport and thus recombination loss at buried interface.Herein,we demonstrate an effective strategy of laser embedding of p-n homojunctions in the TiO_(2)ETL to accelerate electron transport in PSCs,through localized build-in electric fields that enables boosted electron mobility by two orders of magnitude.Such embedding is found significantly helpful for not only the enhanced crystallization quality of TiO_(2)ETL,but the fabrication of perovskite films with larger-grain and the less-trap-states.The embedded p-n homojunction enables also the modulation of interfacial energy level between perovskite layers and ETLs,favoring for the reduced voltage deficit of PSCs.Benefiting from these merits,the formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))PSCs employing such ETLs deliver a champion efficiency of 25.50%,along with much-improved device stability under harsh conditions,i.e.,maintain over 95%of their initial efficiency after operation at maximum power point under continuous heat and illumination for 500 h,as well as mixed-cation PSCs with a champion efficiency of 22.02%and over 3000 h of ambient storage under humidity stability of 40%.Present study offers new possibilities of regulating charge transport layers via p-n homojunction embedding for high performance optoelectronics.

Ferroelectric Controlled Spin Texture in Two-Dimensional NbOI_(2)Monolayer

The persistent spin helix(PSH)system is considered to have promising applications in energy-conservation spintronics because it supports an extraordinarily long spin lifetime of carriers.Here,we predict that the existence of PSH state in two-dimensional(2 D)ferroelectric NbOI_(2)monolayers.Our first-principles calculation results show that there exists Dresselhaus-type spin-orbit coupling(SOC)band splitting near the conduction-band minimum(CBM)of the NbOI_(2)monolayer.It is revealed that the spin splitting near CBM merely refers to out-of-plane spin configuration in the wave vector space,which gives rise to a long-lived PSH state that can be controlled by reversible ferroelectric polarization.We believe that the coupling characteristics of ferroelectric polarization and spin texture in NbOI_(2)provide a platform for the realization of fully electric controlled spintronic devices.

4-Hydroxy phenyl Retinamide Preferentially Targets FLT3 Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia via ROS Induction and NF-κB Inhibition

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3(FLT3)mutation is strongly associated with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Though many FLT3 inhibitors have been developed for clinical application with 34%-56%complete remission rate,patients would develop resistance sooner or later after initial response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs),such as gilteritinib.And increasing studies have shown that several resistance related mutations of FLT3 emerged during the AML progression.Thus,further investigation is warranted for these FLT3mu,AML patients to achieve a better treatment outcome.4-Hydroxyphenyl retinamide(4-HPR)has been investigated extensively in animal models and clinical trials as an anticancer/chemopreventive agent and is currently used for protection against cancer development/recurrence,with minimal side effects.In this study,we performed gene-set enrichment analysis and found that down-regulated genes induced by 4-HPR were associated with FLT3-ITD gene sets.CD34+ AML stem/progenitor cells separated from 32 AML samples were treated with 4-HPR.Correlation analysis showed that AML cells with FLT3-ITD genetic alteration were more sensitive to 4-HPR treatment than those without FLT3-ITD.Next,we treated 22 primary AML cells with 4-HPR and found that 4-HPR was more toxic to AML cells with FLT3-ITD.These results indicated that 4-HPR was preferentially cytotoxic to all FLT3-ITD AML cells irrespective of stem/progenitor cells or blast cells.4-HPR-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and NF-kB inhibition might be the reason of 4-HPR selectivity on FLT3 mutated AML cells.

面向联合收割机故障领域的命名实体识别研究

联合收割机作为一种机械化设备不可避免地会出现机械故障,为快速地找出并解决机械故障,提出一种面向联合收割机故障领域的命名实体识别模型RP-TEBC(RoBERTa-wwm-ext+PGD+Transformer-Encoder+BiGRU+CRF)。RP-TEBC使用动态编码的RoBERTa-wwm-ext预训练模型作为词嵌入层,利用自适应Transformer编码器层融合双向门控单元(BiGRU)作为上下文编码器,利用条件随机场(CRF)作为解码层,使用维特比算法找出最优的路径输出。同时,RP-TEBC模型在词嵌入层中通过添加一些扰动,生成对抗样本,经过对模型不断的训练优化,可以提高模型整体的鲁棒性和泛化性能。结果表明,在构建的联合收割机故障领域命名实体识别数据集上,相比于基线模型,该模型的准确率、召回率、F1值分别提高1.79%、1.01%、1.46%。

红色资源:老区乡村振兴的新引擎——以芜湖市繁昌区中分村为例

红色资源是传播红色文化、传承红色基因的重要媒介,也是老区乡村振兴的重要引擎。通过对中分村红色资源保护和开发的问卷调查、访谈后发现,红色资源为老区乡村振兴高质量发展注入了红色基因、奠定了产业基础和提供了发展方向,但也存在红色产业发展理念落后、专业人才紧缺、空间发展受限等问题。研究提出,老区乡村振兴应在强化党建引领、拓展红色产业链、引入数字媒体技术、打造红色产业品牌、培养红色专业人才等方面下功夫,进而推进红色资源赋能计划,实现乡村振兴高质量发展。

Contrast in Secondary Organic Aerosols between the Present Day and the Preindustrial Period:The Importance of Nontraditional Sources and the Changed Atmospheric Oxidation Capability

Quantifying differences in secondary organic aerosols(SOAs)between the preindustrial period and the present day is crucial to assess climate forcing and environmental effects resulting from anthropogenic activities.The lack of vegetation information for the preindustrial period and the uncertainties in describing SOA formation are two leading factors preventing simulation of SOA.This study calculated the online emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in the Aerosol and Atmospheric Chemistry Model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP-AACM)by coupling the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature(MEGAN),where the input vegetation parameters were simulated by the IAP Dynamic Global Vegetation Model(IAP-DGVM).The volatility basis set(VBS)approach was adopted to simulate SOA formation from the nontraditional pathways,i.e.,the oxidation of intermediate VOCs and aging of primary organic aerosol.Although biogenic SOAs(BSOAs)were dominant in SOAs globally in the preindustrial period,the contribution of nontraditional anthropogenic SOAs(ASOAs)to the total SOAs was up to 35.7%.In the present day,the contribution of ASOAs was 2.8 times larger than that in the preindustrial period.The contribution of nontraditional sources of SOAs to SOA was as high as 53.1%.The influence of increased anthropogenic emissions in the present day on BSOA concentrations was greater than that of increased biogenic emission changes.The response of BSOA concentrations to anthropogenic emission changes in the present day was more sensitive than that in the preindustrial period.The nontraditional sources and the atmospheric oxidation capability greatly affect the global SOA change.

Hybrid hard carbon framework derived from polystyrene bearing distinct molecular crosslinking for enhanced sodium storage

Exploiting high-performance yet low-cost hard carbon anodes is crucial to advancing the state-of-the-art sodium-ion batteries.However,the achievement of superior initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and high Na-storage capacity via low-temperature carbonization remains challenging due to the presence of tremendous defects with few closed pores.Here,a facile hybrid carbon framework design is proposed from the polystyrene precursor bearing distinct molecular bridges at a low pyrolysis temperature of 800℃ via in situ fusion and embedding strategy.This is realized by integrating triazine-and carbonylcrosslinked polystyrene nanospheres during carbonization.The triazine crosslinking allows in situ fusion of spheres into layered carbon with low defects and abundant closed pores,which serves as a matrix for embedding the well-retained carbon spheres with nanopores/defects derived from carbonyl crosslinking.Therefore,the hybrid hard carbon with intimate interface showcases synergistic Na ions storage behavior,showing an ICE of 70.2%,a high capacity of 279.3 mAh g^(-1),and long-term 500 cycles,superior to carbons from the respective precursor and other reported carbons fabricated under the low carbonization temperature.The present protocol opens new avenues toward low-cost hard carbon anode materials for high-performance sodiumion batteries.

京东零售基于ClickHouse的增量刷岗方法

刷岗是对某个最小存货单位(SKU)对应的岗位等维度字段发生变更,按照最新的SKU岗位等维度数据回溯、覆写的过程,刷岗这一行为在典型的电商企业(京东(JD)、淘宝)较为常见。针对京东零售业务场景下明细表和维表数据量庞大导致刷岗操作的运行时间过长的问题,提出一种基于ClickHouse的增量刷岗方法。首先,将维度表加载为ClickHouse字典表,采用明细表关联ClickHouse字典表的方法进行刷岗;其次,采用增量刷岗方法取代传统全量刷岗的形式,不仅提升刷岗效率,同时减少刷岗带来的集群资源消耗;最后,加入验数逻辑和并发控制机制保证数据准确性和集群的稳定。将该技术与传统的刷岗技术在实际业务生产场景中进行亿级数据的刷岗测试对比,实验结果表明,在硬件设备相同的情况下,提出的增量刷岗方法刷岗时间缩短80%,集群资源(CPU、内存)的使用减少50%,显著提高刷海量数据岗效率。

The Tianma 65 m radio telescope at Shanghai

The Shanghai Tianma 65 m radio telescope(TMRT)is a large,fully rotatable radio telescope with multiple scientific purposes.The main body of the telescope and four low-frequency receiving systems,including L,C,and S/X bands,were completed between 2008 and 2012.From 2013 to 2017,four high-frequency receiving systems,including Ku,K,Ka,and Q bands,were constructed and their performance was comprehensively tested.There are three main innovations.(1)A fully movable large radio telescope system with advanced performance and complete functions has been built.(2)An advanced,reliable main reflector adjustment system has been completed,overcoming gravity deformation and creating a large antenna with a main reflective surface accuracy of 0.28 mm(root mean square)for any elevation.(3)Five innovative technologies have been developed to achieve high-precision pointing in any direction within 3″.The TMRT has made a crucial contribution to the orbital measurement and positioning of China’s lunar and deep space probes.Significantly enhancing China's ability to participate in international VLBI observations and radio astronomy,this has facilitated a series of achievements in observational radio astronomical research,in areas such as VLBI,spectral lines,and pulsars.

Surface shape detection methods for large radio telescopes

The surface accuracy of a radio telescope is directly related to its operational efficiency and detection sensitivity.This is crucial under high-frequency observation conditions,where surface shape errors need to be controlled to within 1/16 of the working wavelength.In addition,the primary reflector of large radio telescopes is subject to dynamic deformation,caused by factors such as gravity and thermal effects.This paper presents a method for detecting the surface shape of radio telescopes using radio interferometry techniques combined with active reflector adjustment technology.This enables accurate assessment and correction of surface errors,ensuring the electrical performance of the radio telescope.This study investigates the practical applications of high-precision measurement techniques,such as microwave holography,out-of-focus holography,and wavefront distortion methods at the Tianma 65 m radio telescope(TMRT).Furthermore,the study presents the construction method of gravity models at different elevation angles and demonstrates the efficacy of the active reflector model.The results of the measurements indicate that the application of these methods to the TMRT has led to a notable enhancement of the accuracy of the primary reflector and a substantial improvement in efficiency in the Q-band.Through a process of iterative measurements and adjustments,the surface shape error is ultimately reduced to 0.28 mm root mean square(RMS).

Calculating real-time surface deformation for large active surface radio antennas using a graph neural network

This paper presents an innovative surrogate modeling method using a graph neural network to compensate for gravitational and thermal deformation in large radio telescopes.Traditionally,rapid compensation is feasible for gravitational deformation but not for temperature-induced deformation.The introduction of this method facilitates real-time calculation of deformation caused both by gravity and temperature.Constructing the surrogate model involves two key steps.First,the gravitational and thermal loads are encoded,which facilitates more efficient learning for the neural network.This is followed by employing a graph neural network as an end-to-end model.This model effectively maps external loads to deformation while preserving the spatial correlations between nodes.Simulation results affirm that the proposed method can successfully estimate the surface deformation of the main reflector in real-time and can deliver results that are practically indistinguishable from those obtained using finite element analysis.We also compare the proposed surrogate model method with the out-of-focus holography method and yield similar results.

钢筋混凝土结构梁柱节点滞回性能对比分析

为验证装配式强化梁柱节点与传统梁柱节点在受力和抗震性能方面的区别,借助ABAQUS的非线性分析功能分别建立了传统梁柱节点和装配式强化梁柱节点有限元模型,选择了合理的参数,分析了二者的破坏形态和滞回性能。结果表明:在相同荷载作用下,传统梁柱节点模型中的部分钢筋已发生破坏,强化梁柱节点中的钢筋未破坏,只部分钢筋进入塑性变形阶段,且通过滞回曲线对比显示:强化梁柱节点曲线的包络面积明显大于传统梁柱节点,说明了装配式强化梁柱节点的耗能能力更好。装配式强化梁柱节点设计的刚度、承载力和耗能能力均优于传统梁柱节点。

Research on rock hand specimen naming method based on deep learning and Inception-v3 model

The naming of rock hand specimens is usually conducted by geological workers based on observed mineral composition,texture characteristics,etc.,combined with their own knowledge reserves.The accuracy of identification results is limited by the experience,research interests,and identification level of the identifier,as well as the complexity of the rock composition.To improve the efficiency of rock hand specimen identification,this paper proposes a method for rock image recognition and classification based on deep learning and the Inception-v3 model.It encompasses the preprocessing of collected photographs of typical intrusive rock hand specimens,along with augmenting the sample size through data augmentation methods,culminating in a comprehensive dataset comprising 12501 samples.Experimental results show that the model has good learning ability when there is sufficient data.Through iterative training of the Inception-v3 model on the rock dataset,the accuracy of rock image recognition reaches 92.83%,with a loss of only 0.2156.Currently,several common types of intrusive rocks can be identified:gabbro,granite,diorite,peridotite,granodiorite,diabase,and granite porphyry.Software is developed for open use by geological workers to improve work efficiency.

人乳头瘤病毒16/18型感染乳腺癌患者病灶核因子κB相互作用的长链非编码RNA表达水平及其与乳腺癌分子分型和预后关系

目的 分析人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)16/18型感染乳腺癌患者病灶核因子κB相互作用的长链非编码RNA(NF-κB interacting long non-coding RNA,NKILA)表达情况及其与乳腺癌分子分型、预后的相关性。方法 选取2016年1月至2018年1月南通大学附属海安医院收治的334例乳腺癌患者(观察组)和50例乳腺良性疾病患者(对照组)作为研究对象,对观察组患者肿瘤组织、癌旁组织和对照组患者病灶组织标本进行NKILA表达检测,并检测血清指标水平。分析两组NKILA表达情况与血清学指标的相关性,比较不同HPV分型感染情况、不同分子分型、不同预后患者病灶NKILA表达差异。结果 观察组患者肿瘤组织NKILA相对表达量显著低于癌旁组织(P <0.05),癌旁组织NKILA相对表达量显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。HPV 16/18型感染组肿瘤组织NKILA相对表达量、NKILA高表达率均显著低于非HPV16/18型感染组(均P <0.05)。Luminal A型组、Luminal B型组患者肿瘤组织NKILA相对表达量、NKILA高表达率均显著高于人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,HER-2)过表达型组(均P <0.05),HER-2过表达型组肿瘤组织NKILA相对表达量显著高于三阴性组(P <0.05)。复发转移组肿瘤组织NKILA相对表达量、NKILA高表达率均低于未复发转移组(均P <0.05)。NKILA低表达组3年无复发转移率显著低于NKILA高表达组[24.7%(36/146)∶40.0%(58/145),P <0.05]。结论 相比乳腺癌旁组织和良性疾病病灶,乳腺癌患者病灶NKILA表达下降,且HPV 16/18型感染者、三阴性乳腺癌者和术后复发转移者病灶NKILA表达下降更为明显,NKILA低表达与患者术后复发转移相关。

松乳菇多糖刺激免疫细胞增殖及诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的研究

为研究松乳菇多糖(Lactarius deliciosus Gray polysaccharide,LDG-A)对特异性免疫细胞的增殖效应活性及对肿瘤细胞凋亡的影响,在LDG-A作用下检测T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞的增殖效应,并观察T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞的细胞形态,检测T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞在LDG-A的作用下处于细胞周期各个时期的细胞数量及B淋巴细胞分泌抗体的情况,观察LDG-A作用于肺癌细胞A549的凋亡和细胞骨架情况。结果表明:随着LDG-A质量浓度的增加,能够促进T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞的增殖,并呈现出一定的剂量依赖关系;同时LDG-A能够减少T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞在G0/G^1期的细胞数量百分比,促进细胞进入G^2/M期,具有促进B淋巴细胞分泌抗体免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白D和免疫球蛋白E的作用。在12.5~50.0μg/m L范围内,LDG-A能够诱导肺癌细胞A549凋亡,并呈现出一定的剂量依赖关系;在细胞凋亡时F-肌动蛋白丝断裂,蛋白纤维网络结构被破坏。综上所述,在体外实验中,LDG-A对特异性免疫细胞具有促增殖效应活性,能够促进肿瘤细胞的凋亡。

反复卤煮对鸭胸肉和卤汤中杂环胺及其前体物的影响

为探究卤汤反复使用对鸭胸肉和卤汤中杂环胺及其前体物的影响,本文以鸭胸肉为原料,模拟盐水鸭的制作工艺,测定鸭肉和卤汤中杂环胺及其前体物的含量。结果表明:随着卤汤使用次数的增多,鸭肉和卤汤中肌酸、氨基酸、葡萄糖含量均显著升高(p<0.05)并且卤汤中前体物上升速率大于鸭肉。鸭肉和卤汤中杂环胺总量随卤煮次数直线上升,线性方程分别为y=0.0224x+1.7209(R^2=0.9871)和y=0.0157x+0.3821(R^2=0.9442)。卤汤反复使用40次后,鸭肉和卤汤的杂环胺总量分别为2.74、1.08 ng/g。卤汤反复使用过程中,鸭肉和卤汤中肌酸、氨基酸、葡萄糖含量呈现上升趋势,同时杂环胺也不断富集。因此,应尽量避免卤汤的反复使用。

农业科技创新投入对新农村经济发展影响的研究——以杭州为例

农业科技创新是推进农村经济和现代农业的主要支撑力,农业科技创新投入对新农村经济发展具有重要影响。文章运用因子分析法对新农村经济发展指标进行降维提取,得到2个新农村经济发展主成分因子,同时运用皮尔逊相关分析法,对农业科技创新投入、新农村经济发展综合指标及具体指标进行相关性检验。结果表明:(1)农业科技投入与新农村经济的产出和投入水平,以及农民的生活水平呈显著正相关;(2)农业科技创新投入与人均农渔牧林产值、农村固定资产投资、乡村消费品零售额、农村居民人均可支配收入在99%的置信水平上呈正相关,且相关系数均在0.85以上;与人均粮食产量、人均棉花产量在99%的置信水平上呈负相关,且相关系数也在0.85以上;与人均油菜籽产量、人均淡水产品产量、农业机械总动力相关性不显著。综合分析认为,农业科技创新投入的增加将促进新农村经济发展,提高农民生活水平。最后,从完善政策制度、加大资金投入和智力投入、引导投融资发展、鼓励创新创业等方面提出对策建议,促进新农村经济发展。

东昆仑成矿带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床成矿地质条件与成矿规律

东昆仑成矿带是我国重要的Au-Cu-Co-Ni-Fe-Pb-Zn及其他多金属成矿带,2011年夏日哈木超大型镍矿床的发现使东昆仑一跃成为我国重要的铜镍资源基地。经过多年的勘查,东昆仑成矿带Cu-Ni找矿取得了较大突破,陆续发现了一批具有较大找矿潜力的岩体,如石头坑德、阿克楚克塞、浪木日和尕牙河等岩体。笔者依据近些年研究的成果对东昆仑成矿带岩浆铜镍矿床的成矿规律和成矿特征作初步总结,并指出下一步找矿方向。形成的主要认识如下:东昆仑造山带至少发生了4期强度不等的Cu-Ni-Co-(PGE)成矿事件,分别为寒武纪—奥陶纪(535~445 Ma)、志留纪—泥盆纪(440~394 Ma)、二叠纪—早三叠世(271~239 Ma)与晚三叠世(233~208 Ma),其中志留纪—泥盆纪的岩体数量最多、矿化率最高,产出的矿床数量多、规模也最大,而其他期次岩体的数量少、规模小与矿化弱;与其他成矿期的岩体零星分布于整个东昆仑成矿带不同,志留纪—泥盆纪岩体严格产在昆中断裂以北,又以昆中带数量最多,丛聚性明显;成矿具有显著的专属性,成矿岩体均以杂岩体产出,岩相发育齐全,富含贵橄榄石和斜方辉石的超镁铁质岩是最重要的含矿岩石,多属于铁质超基性岩;原始岩浆起源于软流圈地幔的大比例部分熔融,地壳物质混染是硫化物饱和的关键因素;志留纪—泥盆纪岩体找矿潜力最大,主要分布在昆中带,是今后找矿勘查的主攻方向和区域,其他期次找矿潜力较小,但仍需进一步评价寒武纪—奥陶纪岩体的Cu-PGE含矿性。

华北地台东北缘西岔地区金多金属矿成矿地质体年代学、地球化学及成矿动力学

西岔地区金多金属矿位于华北地台东北缘。研究区经历了太古宙结晶基底的形成,元古宙"辽吉洋"的构造演化,中生代早期遭受古亚洲洋最终闭合的影响,中-新生代又有滨太平洋构造域的叠加与改造,造就了复杂的构造格局,同时也记录了丰富的成矿信息。为厘清区内多金属矿成矿时代与成矿动力学背景,本文对研究区不同成矿地质体开展了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年和全岩地球化学研究。结果表明:(1)具有条带状贱金属矿化的荒岔沟组变粒岩锆石年龄为2157Ma,其形成与辽吉洋洋壳俯冲产生的强烈海底火山喷发密切相关,在火山喷发的间歇期形成了条带状矿化的火山-沉积岩;(2)正岔矽卡岩型铅锌矿的成矿地质体(正岔岩体)由具有埃达克属性的高镁闪长岩和低镁花岗岩组成,形成于晚三叠世(224.3~218.5Ma),是古亚洲洋闭合和持续碰撞造山导致的加厚下地壳拆沉作用的产物,暗示华北地台北缘岩石圈规模有限的减薄和克拉通破坏的起始时间可能为晚三叠世;(3)西岔金银矿的成矿地质体西岔正长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄将西岔金银矿的成矿时代限定在~121.1Ma。结合前人研究成果,认为西岔金银矿的形成与古太平洋板块俯冲后伸展作用相关。

青海省巴斯湖铅锌矿床M9矿体成因探讨——流体包裹体和H-O-S同位素约束

巴斯湖铅锌矿床位于三江多金属成矿带北段的青海省沱沱河地区,M9铅锌矿体赋存于下二叠统九十道班组碎裂蚀变灰岩和泥晶灰岩中,主控矿构造为切割地层的NWW向断裂构造。成矿过程分为石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-重晶石-多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅱ)和碳酸盐-石英阶段(Ⅲ)3个阶段。成矿流体包裹体以气液两相为主,成矿Ⅰ阶段均一温度为315.1~365.9℃,盐度(w(NaCl))为8.81%~11.46%;成矿Ⅱ阶段均一温度为231.1~294.3℃,盐度为4.80%~10.49%;成矿Ⅲ阶段均一温度为155.1~233.7℃,盐度为2.41%~6.88%。成矿流体为典型的中温、低盐度流体,均一温度和盐度从成矿早期到晚期逐渐降低。H-O同位素数据显示成矿流体为岩浆水和大气水的混合水,早期主要为岩浆水,晚期有大气降水的混入;S同位素数据显示成矿物质来源与新生代深部钾质岩浆活动有关。巴斯湖铅锌矿床M9矿体成因类型为中温热液脉型,形成于印度-欧亚板块晚碰撞造山作用引起的伸展环境。