The in vitro digestion fates of diacylglycerol under different intestinal conditions:a potential lipid source for lipid indigestion patients

The in vitro digestion models mimicking the gastrointestinal(GI)tract of general population and lipid indigestion patients(with lower levels of bile salts or pancreatic lipase)were selected to investigate whether diacylglycerols(DAGs)are potential good lipid sources for these patients.Linseed oil-based DAG(LD)and linseed oil(LT)were selected.LD-based emulsion((83.74±1.23)%)had higher lipolysis degree than LT-based emulsion((74.47±1.16)%)when monitoring the GI tract of normal population as previously reported.Indigestion conditions seriously decreased the digestive degree of LT-based emulsion((40.23±2.48)%-(66.50±3.70)%)while showed less influence on LD-based emulsion((64.18±2.41)%-(81.85±3.45)%).As opposed to LT-based emulsion,LD-based emulsion exhibited preference for releasing unsaturated fatty acids(especially oleic acid andα-linolenic acid)due to their different glycerolipid compositions.LD-based emulsion showed potential for providing lipids and nutrients(including essential fatty acids)for lipid indigestion patients.

An improved TDE technique for derivation of 2D turbulence structures based on GPI data in toroidal plasma

This paper reports an improved time-delay estimation(TDE)technique for the derivation of turbulence structures based on gas-puff imaging data.The improved TDE technique,integrating an inverse timing search and hierarchical strategy,offers superior accuracy in calculating turbulent velocity field maps and analyzing blob dynamics,which has the power to obtain the radial profiles of equilibrium poloidal velocity,blob size and its radial velocity,even the fluctuation analysis,such as geodesic acoustic modes and quasi-coherent mode,etc.This improved technique could provide important 2D information for the study of edge turbulence and blob dynamics,advancing the understanding of edge turbulence physics in fusion plasmas.

Impact of Perturbation Schemes on the Ensemble Prediction in a Coupled Lorenz Model

Based on a simple coupled Lorenz model,we investigate how to assess a suitable initial perturbation scheme for ensemble forecasting in a multiscale system involving slow dynamics and fast dynamics.Four initial perturbation approaches are used in the ensemble forecasting experiments:the random perturbation(RP),the bred vector(BV),the ensemble transform Kalman filter(ETKF),and the nonlinear local Lyapunov vector(NLLV)methods.Results show that,regardless of the method used,the ensemble averages behave indistinguishably from the control forecasts during the first few time steps.Due to different error growth in different time-scale systems,the ensemble averages perform better than the control forecast after very short lead times in a fast subsystem but after a relatively long period of time in a slow subsystem.Due to the coupled dynamic processes,the addition of perturbations to fast variables or to slow variables can contribute to an improvement in the forecasting skill for fast variables and slow variables.Regarding the initial perturbation approaches,the NLLVs show higher forecasting skill than the BVs or RPs overall.The NLLVs and ETKFs had nearly equivalent prediction skill,but NLLVs performed best by a narrow margin.In particular,when adding perturbations to slow variables,the independent perturbations(NLLVs and ETKFs)perform much better in ensemble prediction.These results are simply implied in a real coupled air–sea model.For the prediction of oceanic variables,using independent perturbations(NLLVs)and adding perturbations to oceanic variables are expected to result in better performance in the ensemble prediction.

Prostate-specific antigen reduction after capecitabine plus oxaliplatin chemotherapy:A case report

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer(PC)is currently the most common malignant tumor of the genitourinary system in men.Radical prostatectomy(RP)is recommended for the treatment of patients with localized PC.Adjuvant hormonal therapy(AHT)can be administered postoperatively in patients with high-risk or locally advanced PC.Chemotherapy is a vital remedy for castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC),and may also benefit patients with PC who have not progressed to CRPC.CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of urinary irritation and dysuria with increased prostate-specific antigen(PSA)levels.After detailed examination,he was diagnosed with PC and treated with laparoscopic RP on August 3,2020.AHT using androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)was performed postoperatively because of the positive surgical margin,extracapsular extension,and neural invasion but lasted only 6 mo.Unfortunately,he was diagnosed with rectal cancer about half a year after self-cessation of AHT,and was then treated with laparoscopic radical rectal resection and adjuvant chemotherapy using the capecitabine plus oxaliplatin(CapeOx)regimen.During the entire treatment process,the patient's PSA level first declined significantly after treatment of PC with laparoscopic RP and ADT,then rebounded because of self-cessation of ADT,and finally decreased again after CapeOx chemotherapy.CONCLUSION CapeOx chemotherapy can reduce PSA levels in patients with high-risk locally advanced PC,indicating that CapeOx may be an alternative chemotherapy regimen for PC.

Impaired autophagy in amyloid-beta pathology:A traditional review of recent Alzheimer's research

Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. The major pathological changes in AD progression are the generation and accumulation of amyloid-beta(Aβ) peptides as well as the presence of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau proteins in the brain. Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway that eliminates abnormal protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Previous studies have suggested that autophagy plays a key role in the production and clearance of Aβ peptides to maintain a steady-state of Aβ peptides levels.However, a growing body of evidence suggests that autophagy is significantly impaired in the pathogenesis of AD, especially in Aβ metabolism. Therefore, this article reviews the latest studies concerning the mechanisms of autophagy, the metabolism of Aβ peptides, and the defective autophagy in the production and clearance of Aβpeptides. Here, we also summarize the established and new strategies for targeting autophagy in vivo and through clinical AD trials to identify gaps in our knowledge and to generate further questions.

MRI化学位移成像和DWI评估肝癌病理分级的价值

目的:探讨基于化学位移效应的磁共振同反相位成像(MRI)和扩散加权成像(DWI)对肝细胞性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)病理分级进行手术前评估的价值。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年12月南昌大学第二附属医院109例经病理证实为HCC患者的术前MRI资料。处理Dixon同反相位成像及DWI序列图像,获得瘤内脂肪分数及最小ADC值。比较不同病理分化程度HCC瘤内实性成分脂肪分数和最小ADC值的差异;分析脂肪分数及最小ADC值与病理等级的相关性。应用ROC曲线确定不同病理分级HCC的脂肪分数、最小ADC值鉴别界值及其敏感度、特异度。结果:共纳入109例患者,低分化组24例,中分化组69例,高分化组16例。各病理分化组的脂肪分数、最小ADC值差异均有统计学意义。脂肪分数与病理分级呈正相关性(r=0.566,P<0.01)。脂肪分数预测低分化与中分化的界值为8.71%,敏感度为75.00%,特异度为67.19%,ROC曲线下面积为0.738;脂肪分数预测中分化与高分化的界值为5.53%,敏感度为71.87%,特异度为75.00%,ROC曲线下面积为0.843。最小ADC值与病理分级呈负相关性(r=-0.674,P<0.01)。最小ADC值预测低分化与中分化的界值为0.379×10^(-3)mm^2/s,敏感度为79.17%,特异度为84.37%,ROC曲线下面积为0.890;预测中分化与高分化的界值为0.532×10^(-3)mm^2/s,敏感度为89.06%,特异度为62.50%,ROC曲线下面积为0.812。结论:3D-Dixon成像和DWI在肝癌诊断及预后影响因素评估方面有较好的应用价值。脂肪分数和最小ADC值与HCC病理分级具有明显相关性,可作为无创性生物学指标评估肝细胞癌组织病理学因素。

胃肠超声造影在胃十二肠疾病诊断中的临床应用

胃肠超声造影检查主要是通过给予患者口服胃肠超声助显剂,强化患者胃肠结构显像,明显降低甚至消除胃肠道气体的干扰,有效反映出胃和十二指肠的病变情况以及病灶的大小、形态、回声情况,诊断准确性较高.因此,本文主要就近年来有关胃肠超声造影在胃、十二指肠疾病中的应用进行阐述,以供临床医生参考.

Preparation of aldoxime through direct ammoximation using titanium silicalite-1 catalyst

The liquid phase direct ammoximation of 5-isooctyl salicylaldehyde with ammonia and hydrogen peroxide was studied using titanium silicalite-1(TS-1)catalyst.The effect of reaction parameters on the yield of the product was studied,which include reaction temperature,reaction time,molar ratio of ammonia to aldehyde as well as hydrogen peroxide to aldehyde.The influence of the amount of catalyst on the reaction results was also investigated.The maximum 5-isooctyl salicylaldoxime yield of 98.76%was achieved under the following optimal reaction conditions:the molar ratio of 5-isooctylaldehyde to hydrogen peroxide and ammonia of 1:1.4:1.6,the reaction temperature of 70℃,the amount of TS-1 of 17.5 g·mol^(-1)(5-isooctyl salicylaldehyde),and the feeding time of 2 h.This method has the mild reaction conditions and avoids the shortcomings of traditional methods.Moreover,useless inorganic salts by-products are avoided,and there is no environmental pollution.

Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles of Rice Mutant SLR1 Based on Microarray Data

Gibberellins are an important class of plant hormones.They play an important regulatory role in all stages of growth and development of higher plants.The use of mutants to study gibberellin metabolism and signal transduction pathways is currently a research hotspot.This article takes the data of Affymetrix chips of rice as an example,bioinformatics method was used to study rice SLR1 mutant and mine differentially expressed wild-type genes,thus exploring the expression regulation network of gibberellin signaling pathway-related genes.

Research on Self Organizing of Internet of Things Nodes in Closed Area

In this paper, the intelligent application we designed focuses on a closed family area. ZigBee technology is mainly used to achieve the remote control. The most popular Android system is used in the design. The operation interface on the home intelligent gateway is completed through the designed system. It can allow people the full control by using smartphones. The system is operated and controlled through touch panel. Furthermore, it can be controlled remotely by using smartphones. ZigBee module is expected to be used to allow these devices to perform data transmission and collection. Some additional machinery, control circuits, and sensors will be designed for doors and windows. For example, a motor and a control circuit are installed to control doors and windows, and ZigBee is used to control the power input and drive the motor. Antitheft sensors, such as infrared sensors or light sensors, are installed to monitor the objects. Home gateway can collect ZigBee information on doors and windows, and an interactive mechanism is designed to take effective remote control.

Boosting the proton conduction in a magnetic dysprosium-organic framework by introducing conjugate NH_(4)^(+)-NH_(3)pairs

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)with inherent porosity and suspended acidic groups are promising proton conducting materials in water or aqua-ammonia media.Herein we report a new lanthanide phosphonate,namely,Dy_(2)(amp_(2)H_(2))_(2)(mal)(H_(2)O)_(2)·5H2O(MDAF-6).It possesses a 3D open-framework structure,and shows a high NH_(3)adsorption capacity of 142.4 cm^(3)/g at P/P0=0.98 at 298 K due to acid-base interaction.Interestingly,the proton conductivity of MDAF-6-NH3 is enhanced by five orders of magnitude compared to MDAF-6 after 8.5 h exposure in saturated NH_(3)-H_(2)O vapor,indicating the importance of coexistent conjugate acid-base pairs of H_(3)O+-H_(2)O and NH_(4)^(+)-NH_(3)in promoting proton conduction.Magnetic studies of MDAF-6 revealed slow magnetization relaxation under zero dc field,characteristic of singlemolecule magnet behavior.This work provides not only a new multifunctional MOF material,but also a new strategy to improve proton conduction in aqua-ammonia medium.

Response of grease film at low speeds under pure rolling reciprocating motion

Using an optical interferometric technique,the grease film distribution under a pure rolling reciprocating motion is observed on a ball‐disk test rig,to explore the transient response of grease,which is expected to fill the contact with thickener fiber and run for a long time under steady‐state conditions.It is found that the reciprocating motion reduces the accumulation of the thickener fiber gradually with time.The maximum film thickness forms around the stroke ends.After 1,000 working cycles,very severe starvation occurs so that either the central or minimum film thickness becomes nearly constant over one working period.Thus,the life of grease lubrication under a transient condition is far below that under steady‐state conditions.However,it is also found that by selecting a smaller stroke length,the thickener fiber spreads out in the contact instead of being removed from the contact at the 1,000th working period.When increasing the maximum entraining speed of the reciprocating motion to a certain value,during which the thickener fiber is not expected to accumulate under a steady‐state condition,severe starvation occurs very quickly,causing surface damage.

Thermo-induced structural transformation with synergistic optical and magnetic changes in ytterbium and erbium complexes

Dinuclear ytterbium and erbium based bifunction complexes Ln_(2) L_(2)(depma_(2))Cl_(2)(1-Ln,Ln=Yb and Er,H_(2) L=N~1,N~3-bis(salicylideneimino)diethylenetriamine,depma_(2)=dimerized 9-diethyl-phosphonomethylanthracene)are reported.They undergo thermo-induced consecutive phase transitions,first the dissociation of depma_(2) ligand forming LnL(depma)Cl(2-Ln)and then the release of chloroethane forming LnL(epma)(3-Ln,epma=9-ethylphosphonomethylanthrancene).The structural transformations are accompanied with synergetic switch of the luminescence in visible and NIR regions and also magnetic dynamics.

Diradicals or Zwitterions: The Chemical States of m-Benzoquinone and Structural Variation after Storage of Li Ions

m-Benzoquinones are often regarded as unstable materials in the form of radicals.Herein,an air-stable small molecular m-benzoquinone[4,6-diamino-1,3-benzoquinone(4,6DA1,3BQ)]without bulky groups or large conjugated systems is reported,and its chemical structure and state are profoundly elucidated by a series of substantial investigations that indicate their presence as zwitterions rather than as diradicals.

In situ thermal-induced generation of{Ag^(0)Ag^(Ⅰ)}dimer within Co-Ag phosphonates

The thermal decomposition of Ag NO_(3)is known to produce metallic Ag,but single-atomic dispersion is hard to achieve instead of the aggregation state of nanoparticles.Herein,we develop an efficient approach to thermally generate and stabilize single Ag atoms via the coordination effect.Two desired Co-Ag phosphonates[Ag_(2)^(Ⅰ)Co_(2)^(Ⅲ)(notp H_(3))_2(NO_(3))]X[X=NO_(3)^(-)(1)or Cl O_(4)^(-)(2)]were synthesized by solid-phase grinding method or solution crystallization.Both crystal structures reveal slightly different packing arrangements of various lattice anions and identical one-dimensional(1-D)coordination chains,formed in each case by the coordination of Ag(Ⅰ)to the metalloligand Co(notp H_(3))and NO_(3)^(-) anion.The number of Ag(Ⅰ)ions connected to each NO_(3)^(-) anion reduces from 5 in bulk Ag NO_(3) to 2 in compounds 1 and 2,leading to the Ag NO_(3)component stepwise decomposition at a lower temperature(<300℃).During the thermal decomposition,the changes of supermolecular structures and Ag oxidation states were monitored by PXRD,IR and XAFS measurements.The most interesting finding is that 1 and 2 can retain chain structures and harvest Ag(0)atoms in the chain by controlling decomposition temperatures(220℃for 1 and 254℃for 2).

Determination of Aroclor 1254 in Water Samples Using Polystyrene-Divinylbenzene Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography

A method was developed for the determination of Aroclor 1254 in water samples using polystyrene-divinylbenzene(PS-DVB)solid-phase extraction(SPE)and gas chromatography(GC).The PS-DVB sorbent demonstrated good recoveries of Aroclor 1254 when sulfuric acid(1:1,v:v)was added to the samples.Sample quantification was performed using gas chroma-tography with a parallel column and dual electron capture detector.Factors in extraction method procedures were optimized,including sample pH,elution solvent,eluting volume and breakthrough volume.With the 1000 ml sample acidified to pH 1.0,a 6.0 ml n-hexane/ethyl acetate(1:1,v:v)elution solvent,and gas chromatographic determination,the recoveries of Aroclor 1254 in spiked water samples ranged from 90.6 to 104%.Across testing days,repeatability ranged from 4.7 to 7.6%.The method detection limit was 0.053μg/L.PS-DVB exhibited a broader pH stability range,satisfactory recoveries,and good repeatability for Aroclor 1254 extraction.The results indicate that these methods can be used to analyze trace amounts of Aroclor 1254,and represent a new analytical approach for determining polychlorinated biphenyls in water samples.