饲粮添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅免疫功能、肠道形态和肠道菌群结构的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅免疫功能、肠道形态和肠道菌群结构的影响,以探讨糖萜素和植物乳杆菌协同关系与功能。选取96只体重为(0.135±0.020) kg的1日龄五龙鹅,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每重复6只鹅。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,糖萜素组(SP组)饲喂基础饲粮+0.1%糖萜素,植物乳杆菌组(LP组)饲喂基础饲粮+0.4%植物乳杆菌,糖萜素+植物乳杆菌组(SP+LP组)饲喂基础饲粮+0.1%糖萜素+0.4%植物乳杆菌。试验期70 d。结果表明:1)与CON组相比,SP组的血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著提高(P<0.05),LP组的血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著提高(P<0.05),SP+LP组的血清IgM和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与CON组相比,SP组、LP组和SP+LP组的空肠白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-2 (IL-2)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量显著降低(P <0.05),空肠白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与CON组相比,SP组、LP组和SP+LP组的空肠绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05);LP组和SP+LP组的空肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著提高(P<0.05)。与CON组相比,LP组和SP+LP组的回肠绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05);SP组、LP组和SP+LP组的回肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著提高(P<0.05)。4)在门水平上,与对照组相比,LP组和SP+LP组的盲肠拟杆菌门相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),SP组、LP组和SP+LP组的盲肠弯曲菌门相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。在属水平上,与对照组相比,LP组的盲肠拟杆菌属相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),LP组和SP+LP组的盲肠巴恩斯氏菌属相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),SP+LP组的盲肠普氏栖粪杆菌属相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中联合添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌可以增强五龙鹅的免疫功能,促进肠道形态发育,改善肠道优势菌群结构。

Overexpression of auxin/indole-3-acetic acid gene MdIAA24 enhances Glomerella leaf spot resistance in apple(Malus domestica)

Auxin is throughout the entire life process of plants and is involved in the crosstalk with other hormones,yet its role in apple disease resistance remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the function of auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)gene Md IAA24 overexpression in enhancing apple resistance to Glomerella leaf spot(GLS)caused by Colletotrichum fructicola(Cf).Analysis revealed that,upon Cf infection,35S::Md IAA24 plants exhibited enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activity,as well as a greater amount of glutathione(reduced form)and ascorbic acid accumulation,resulting in less H_(2)O_(2)and superoxide anion(O_(2)^(-))in apple leaves.Furthermore,35S::Md IAA24 plants produced more protocatechuic acid,proanthocyanidins B1,proanthocyanidins B2 and chlorogenic acid when infected with Cf.Following Cf infection,35S::Md IAA24 plants presented lower levels of IAA and jasmonic acid(JA),but higher levels of salicylic acid(SA),along with the expression of related genes.The overexpression of Md IAA24 was observed to enhance the activity of chitinase andβ-1,3-glucanase in Cfinfected leaves.The results indicated the ability of Md IAA24 to regulate the crosstalk between IAA,JA and SA,and to improve reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging and defense-related enzymes activity.This jointly contributed to GLS resistance in apple.

Unraveling the incompatibility mechanism of ethylene carbonate-based electrolytes in sodium metal anodes

Ethylene carbonate(EC)is widely used in lithium-ion batteries due to its optimal overall performance with satisfactory conductivity,relatively stable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and wide electrochemical window.EC is also the most widely used electrolyte solvent in sodium ion batteries.However,compared to lithium metal,sodium metal(Na)shows higher activity and reacts violently with EC-based electrolyte(NaPF_(6)as solute),which leads to the failure of sodium metal batteries(SMBs).Herein,we reveal the electrochemical instability mechanism of EC on sodium metal battery,and find that the com-bination of EC and NaPF_(6) is electrically reduced in sodium metal anode during charging,resulting in the reduction of the first coulombic efficiency,and the continuous consumption of electrolyte leads to the cell failure.To address the above issues,an additive modified linear carbonate-based electrolyte is provided as a substitute for EC based electrolytes.Specifically,ethyl methyl carbonate(EMC)and dimethyl carbon-ate(DMC)as solvents and fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)as SEI-forming additive have been identified as the optimal solvent for NaFP_(6)based electrolyte and used in Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))/Na batteries.The batter-ies exhibit excellent capacity retention rate of about 80%over 1000 cycles at a cut-off voltage of 4.3 V.

Multifunctional catalytic sites regulation of atomic-scale iridium on orthorhombic-CoSe_(2)for high efficiency dual-functional alkaline hydrogen evolution and organic degradation

The earth-abundant and high-performance catalysts are crucial for commercial implementation of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Herein,a multifunctional site strategy to construct excellent HER catalysts by incorporating iridium(Ir)ions on the atomic scale into orthorhombic-CoSe2(Ir-CoSe_(2))was reported.Outstanding hydrogen evolution activity in alkaline media such as a low overpotential of 48.7 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and better performance than commercial Pt/C catalysts at high current densities were found in the Ir-CoSe_(2) samples.In the experiments and theoretical calculations,it was revealed that Ir enabled CoSe_(2)to form multifunctional sites to synergistically catalyze alkaline HER by promoting the adsorption and dissociation of H_(2)O(Ir sites)and optimizing the binding energy for H^(*)on Co sites.It was noticeable that the electrolytic system comprising the Ir-CoSe_(2)electrode not only produced hydrogen efficiently via HER,but also degraded organic pollutants(Methylene blue).The cell voltage of the dual-function electrolytic system was 1.58 V at the benchmark current density of 50 mA cm^(-2),which was significantly lower than the conventional water splitting voltage.It was indicated that this method was a novel strategy for designing advanced HER electrocatalysts by constructing multifunctional catalytic sites for hydrogen production and organic degradation.

A Generic Strategy to Create Mechanically Interlocked Nanocomposite/Hydrogel Hybrid Electrodes for Epidermal Electronics

Stretchable electronics are crucial enablers for next-generation wearables intimately integrated into the human body.As the primary compliant conductors used in these devices,metallic nanostructure/elastomer composites often struggle to form conformal contact with the textured skin.Hybrid electrodes have been consequently developed based on conductive nanocomposite and soft hydrogels to establish seamless skin-device interfaces.However,chemical modifications are typically needed for reliable bonding,which can alter their original properties.To overcome this limitation,this study presents a facile fabrication approach for mechanically interlocked nanocomposite/hydrogel hybrid electrodes.In this physical process,soft microfoams are thermally laminated on silver nanowire nanocomposites as a porous interface,which forms an interpenetrating network with the hydrogel.The microfoam-enabled bonding strategy is generally compatible with various polymers.The resulting interlocked hybrids have a 28-fold improved interfacial toughness compared to directly stacked hybrids.These electrodes achieve firm attachment to the skin and low contact impedance using tissue-adhesive hydrogels.They have been successfully integrated into an epidermal sleeve to distinguish hand gestures by sensing mus-cle contractions.Interlocked nanocomposite/hydrogel hybrids reported here offer a promising platform to combine the benefits of both materials for epidermal devices and systems.

Magnesium promotes vascularization and osseointegration in diabetic states

Diabetes has long been considered a risk factor in implant therapy and impaired wound healing in soft and hard oral tissues.Magnesium has been proved to promote bone healing under normal conditions.Here,we elucidate the mechanism by which Mg^(2+)promotes angiogenesis and osseointegration in diabetic status.We generated a diabetic mice model and demonstrated thealveolar bone healing was compromised,with significantly decreased angiogenesis.We then developed Mg-coating implants with hydrothermal synthesis.These implants successfully improved the vascularization and osseointegration in diabetic status.Mechanically,Mg^(2+)promoted the degradation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and the nucleation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by up-regulating the expression of sestrin 2 (SESN2) in endothelial cells,thus reducing theelevated levels of oxidative stress in mitochondria and relieving endothelial cell dysfunction under hyperglycemia.Altogether,our data suggested that Mg^(2+)promoted angiogenesis and osseointegration in diabetic mice by regulating endothelial mitochondria metabolism.

Genomic alterations in oral multiple primary cancers

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant type of oral cancer, while some patients may develop oral multiple primary cancers (MPCs) with unclear etiology. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and genomic alterations of oral MPCs. Clinicopathological data from patients with oral single primary carcinoma (SPC, n=202) and oral MPCs (n=34) were collected and compared. Copy number alteration (CNA) analysis was conducted to identify chromosomal-instability differences among oral MPCs, recurrent OSCC cases, and OSCC patients with lymph node metastasis. Whole-exome sequencing was employed to identify potential unique gene mutations in oral MPCs patients. Additionally, CNA and phylogenetic tree analyses were used to gain preliminary insights into the molecular characteristics of different primary tumors within individual patients. Our findings revealed that, in contrast to oral SPC, females predominated the oral MPCs (70.59%), while smoking and alcohol use were not frequent in MPCs.Moreover, long-term survival outcomes were poorer in oral MPCs. From a CNA perspective, no significant differences were observed between oral MPCs patients and those with recurrence and lymph node metastasis. In addition to commonly mutated genes such as CASP8, TP53 and MUC16, in oral MPCs we also detected relatively rare mutations, such as HS3ST6 and RFPL4A. Furthermore, this study also demonstrated that most MPCs patients exhibited similarities in certain genomic regions within individuals, and distinct differences of the similarity degree were observed between synchronous and metachronous oral MPCs.

How aging affects bone health via the intestinal micro-environment

Increasing life expectancy and an aging population lead to age-related bone diseases like osteoporosis and low bone mass more prevalent.These conditions represent a common,costly and chronic burden,not only for elderly but also to society at large.Consequently,elucidating the pathophysiology and developing effective therapies for these diseases is of paramount importance.Recent advances in research have identified the gut as a novel and promising target for addressing bone disorders,giving rise to the concept of the“gut-bone axis”.An in-depth review of the latest insights into the effects of age-related physiological changes in the gastrointestinal tract on bone health is presented in this article.It examines how the“gut-bone”axis interacts with bone aging across various domains,including metabolism,nutrition,intestinal permeability,immunity,and oxidative stress.

Mesenchymal stromal cells modulate unfolded protein response and preserve β-cell mass in type 1 diabetes

Introduction:Transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)is a promising therapy for type 1 diabetes(T1D).However,whether the infused MSCs affect the endoplasmic reticulum stress or subsequent unfolded protein response inβcells remains unclear.Methods:To investigate this,we induced early-onset T1D in non-obese diabetic mice using streptozotocin.Subsequently,T1D mice were randomly assigned to receive either MSCs or phosphate-buffered saline.We observed the in vivo homing of MSCs and assessed their effectiveness by analyzing blood glucose levels,body weight,histopathology,pancreatic protein expression,and serum levels of cytokines,proinsulin,and C-peptide.Results:Infused MSCs were found in the lungs,liver,spleen,and pancreas of T1D mice.They exhibited various effects,including reducing blood glucose levels,regulating immunity,inhibiting inflammation,increasingβ-cell areas,and reducing the expression of key proteins in the unfolded protein response pathway.Fasting serum proinsulin and C-peptide levels were significantly higher in the MSCs treatment group than in the T1D model group.However,there was no significant difference in the biomarker ofβ-cell endoplasmic reticulum stress,the ratio of fasting serum proinsulin to C-peptide,between the two groups.Conclusion:Ourfindings reveal that MSCs infusion does not alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress inβcells directly but modulates the unfolded protein response pathway to preserveβ-cell mass and function in T1D mice.

Mitigating the negative catalytic effect of CuO by FAS-17 coated Al nanopowder:Isothermal ageing of Al/CuO nanothermite at 71°C and 60%relative humidity

The safety and reliability of weapon systems would be significantly affected by changes in the performance of energetic materials due to ambient temperature and humidity.Nanothermites have promising applications due to their excellent reactivity.Therefore it becomes extremely important to understand their aging and failure process in the environment before using them.Here,the aging and failure process of Al/CuO in 71°C/60%RH were investigated,and showed that CuO nanoparticles negatively catalyze Al nanopowders,resulting in rapid hydration.The anti-aging effect of FAS-17-coated Al nanopowder was also examined.The aging process of Al,Al/CuO,and Al@FAS-17/CuO in high humidity and heat environment were revealed by quasi-in situ SEM and TEM methods.Compared with the aging of pure Al,the Al nanopowder in the nanothermites strongly agglomerated with the CuO nanopowder and hydrated earlier.This may be caused by CuO catalyzed hydration of Al nanopowder.The energy release experiments showed that the performance of Al/CuO decreased rapidly and failed to ignite after 4 h of aging.In contrast,the Al@FAS-17/CuO thermite can achieve long-term stability of up to 60 h in the same environment by simple cladding of FAS-17.It is found that FAS-17 coated Al nanopowder can prevent both particle agglomeration and water erosion,which is an effective means to make nanothermites application in high humidity and heat environment.

3M syndrome patient with a novel mutation:A case rep

BACKGROUND A rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder,3M syndrome,is characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation.Children with 3M syndrome typically exhibit short stature,facial deformities,long tubular bones,and high vertebral bodies but generally lack mental abnormalities or other organ damage.Pathogenic genes associated with 3M syndrome include CUL7,OBSL1 and CCDC8.The clinical and molecular characteristics of patient with 3M syn-drome are unique and serve as important diagnostic indicators.CASE SUMMARY In this case,the patient displayed square shoulders,scoliosis,long slender tubular bones,and normal neurological development.Notably,the patient did not exhibit the typical dysmorphic facial features,relative macrocephaly,or growth retardation commonly observed in individuals with 3M syndrome.Whole exon sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous c.56681+1G>C(Splice-3)variant and a previously reported nonsense heterozygous c.3341G>A(p.Trp1114Ter)variant of OBSL1.Therefore,it is important to note that the clinical features of 3M syndrome may not always be observable,and genetic confirmation is often required.Additionally,the identification of the c.5683+1G>C variant in OBSL1 is notewor-thy because it has not been previously reported in public databases.CONCLUSION Our study identified a new variant(c.5683+1G>C)of OBSL1 that contributes to expanding the molecular profile of 3M syndrome.

综合性高分子化学实验设计:硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料制备与性能表征

针对传统“高分子化学实验”课程教学中,存在综合性、研究性实验项目少,不能支撑“新工科”人才实践和创新能力培养要求等问题,开发了硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料制备与性能表征综合实验项目。采用全水发泡体系,通过调节发泡剂和阻燃剂用量,制备了七组聚氨酯泡沫材料,然后采用国标方法表征了材料的表观密度、压缩强度和氧指数,分析了发泡剂和阻燃剂不同配比对泡沫材料性能的影响及原因。本实验贴近高分子产业发展,突出综合性和研究性,教学过程实现了基本实验技能与科学研究方法训练的有机结合,有助于提升高分子化学实验课程“创新性、高阶性和挑战度”,支撑“新工科”人才培养。

Fingerprint Study of Polygonati Rhizoma with Steaming and Exposing to the Sun Alternatively for Different Times

[Objectives]To explore the influence of different times of steaming and exposing to the sun on the fingerprint of Polygonati Rhizoma by studying the HPLC fingerprint of Polygonati Rhizoma processed products with different times of steaming and exposing to the sun,and to provide a basis for the determination of the best processing technology of Polygonati Rhizoma.[Methods]SETSAIL II AQ-C 18(5μm×250 mm×4.6 mm)was used as the column,the column temperature was 30℃,pure water(A)and acetonitrile(B)were eluted gradually,0-10 min,B(5%-10%),10-30 min,B(10%-35%),30-40 min,B(35%-60%),40-45 min,B(60%-100%),flow rate 1 mL/min,absorption wavelength 200 nm.[Results]The relative retained peak area RSDs of the common peaks in the precision,reproducibility and stability tests were all less than 5%.There were 17 common peaks in the fingerprint of nine batches of samples,and the retention time of Peak 2 was basically the same as that of the reference peak of 5-HMF.Peak 4 mainly existed in the chromatogram of Sample 3 to Sample 5,peaks 5 and 11 mainly existed after Sample 3,peaks 9,14 and 16 mainly existed after Sample 6,and peaks 12 and 17 mainly existed after Sample 4.[Conclusions]A total of 17 common peaks were obtained,and the Peak 2 was the designated peak,and the chemical components of each processed product were different.

Investigation and analysis of vascular plant resources and diversity in Wuyi Mountain,Fujian Province

Wuyi Mountain,located in the north of Fujian Province,China,is renowned for its abundant medicinal plant resources.In July 2014,the 8th(second team)of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University’s Chinese Medicine Resources Scientific Expedition Team conducted field investigation in the area.Through specimen collection and extensive literature review,the team identified and analyzed 223 vascular plant species from 175 genera and 85 families.The most dominant families were Compositae and Rosaceae,and perennial herbs were the predominant species,accounting for 44.39%of the total species identified.Notably,we documented five precious and rare medicinal plants unique to Wuyi Mountain.This study updates the database of plant resources and diversity in the region,providing a valuable reference for future studies.Finally,we put forward some suggestions to enhance the conservation and sustainable utilization of Wuyi Mountain’s plant resources.

Analysis of the Effect of The Error Method Demonstration in The Teaching of Basic Nursing Laboratory Operation

Objective: This paper is mainly to deeply study and systematically explore the practical application of the error- demonstrating method in the teaching of basic nursing laboratory operation and the impact and effect it produces. Methods: 80 cases of nursing interns in our school were randomly selected for analysis and research from January 2023 to December 2023, 40 cases of traditional teaching methods were named as the reference group, and 40 cases of demonstration and error methods were named as the seminar group and in-depth analysis and evaluation of the teaching effect of the two groups after the implementation of different teaching modes were carried out. Results: The seminar group achieved remarkable results in terms of teaching effect, and the performance of the interns in this group was significantly better than that of the reference group in terms of medical key skills such as aseptic operation technique, intravenous infusion operation, intramuscular injection operation, and catheterization operation, P < 0.05, which is of research value. Conclusion: After the nursing interns received the teaching intervention of the demonstration of the error method, their experimental operation performance and hands-on ability were significantly improved, and at the same time effectively stimulated their interest in learning, which is worth using.

首诊时伴血清甲胎蛋白升高胃癌的临床病理特点和预后分析

目的:探讨首诊时伴血清AFP升高的胃癌的临床病理特点及预后。方法:收集中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第904医院安徽医科大学无锡临床医学院2008年1月至2020年12月经胃镜活检首诊为胃腺癌的931例患者,以血清AFP≥20 ng/mL为标准筛选病例。H&E染色、免疫组织化学法和特殊染色明确病理学特点和免疫表型,并分析患者的临床特点和生存期。结果:931例胃腺癌中有36例(3.9%)首诊时出现血清AFP升高(20.7~6558.0 ng/mL)。患者无特异临床表现,影像学检查发现,36例患者中17例有远处转移,以肝转移最多见(13例),其余19例患者无远处转移。远处转移的病例其血清AFP水平明显高于无转移者(P=0.003)。病理分析显示,36例患者中16例为肝样腺癌,11例为伴有肠母细胞分化的腺癌,9例为普通腺癌。上述胃癌亚型均表达原始分化的标志物SALL4、GPC3、AFP。随访显示,无远处转移的19例患者的总生存期明显高于有远处转移的17例患者(P=0.002)。无远处转移的19例患者有16例进行了胃癌根治手术,其与经手术根治的AFP正常的314例普通胃癌相比,无病生存期更短(P=0.044),但总生存期差异无统计学意义(P=0.093)。结论:首诊时伴血清AFP升高的胃癌较罕见,其病理类型主要为肝样腺癌和伴有肠母细胞分化的腺癌。此类患者近一半在首诊时可见以肝脏为主的远处转移,有远处转移者预后极差,而无远处转移者手术治疗后预后较好,但相对于无AFP升高的胃癌预后仍可能较差。

糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标和肉品质的影响。选取96只体重为(0.14±0.02)kg的1日龄五龙鹅,随机分成4个组,每组4个重复,每重复6只鹅。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.1%糖萜素(Ⅰ组)、0.4%植物乳杆菌(Ⅱ组)和0.1%糖萜素+0.4%植物乳杆菌(Ⅲ组)。试验期为70 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,Ⅱ组肉鹅1~70日龄平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)显著升高(P<0.05)。2)各组之间屠宰性能无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)各组之间血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅲ组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。4)各组之间肉鹅胸肌pH和亮度(L^(∗))、红度(a^(∗))和黄度(b^(∗))值无显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅱ组胸肌硬度、黏性和胶黏性显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅲ组胸肌剪切力显著升高(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胸肌单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组胸肌饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中单一添加糖萜素对肉鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标和肉品质均无显著影响;饲粮中单一添加植物乳杆菌可显著提高肉鹅ADG和ADFI,改善肉品质;饲粮中联合添加糖萜素和植物乳杆菌对肉鹅生长性能无显著影响,但可显著提高胸肌HDL-C含量和剪切力,改变胸肌不饱和脂肪酸组成。

饲粮中n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比值对肉鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、血清脂质指标、肠道组织形态和胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响

试验旨在探究饲粮中n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)比值对肉鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、血清脂质指标、肠道组织形态和胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响。选取120只体重为(1.0±0.1)kg的32日龄肉鹅(三花鹅),随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复8只。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组饲粮中n-6/n-3 PUFA比值分别为1∶1、6∶1、12∶1。试验期60 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中n-6/n-3 PUFA比值对肉鹅的生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)Ⅱ组的腹脂率显著低于其他2组(P<0.05)。3)Ⅱ组的血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著低于其他2组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅱ组的十二指肠绒毛高度显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组的回肠隐窝深度显著低于其他2组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组的回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著高于其他2组(P<0.05)。5)Ⅱ组的胸肌辛酸、γ-亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸、二十碳六烯酸和n-3 PUFA含量显著高于其他2组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中n-6/n-3比值为6∶1时,肉鹅的腹脂率、血清LDL-C含量和回肠隐窝深度最低,十二指肠绒毛高度和胸肌n-3 PUFA含量最高。

没食子酸丙酯和植物乳杆菌对北京鸭屠宰性能、血清脂质指标、胸肌肉品质和脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验旨在研究没食子酸丙酯(PG)和植物乳杆菌(LP)对北京鸭屠宰性能、血清脂质指标、胸肌肉品质和脂肪酸组成的影响。选取体重相近的7日龄北京鸭128只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复8只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,PG组饲喂基础饲粮+100 mg/kg没食子酸丙酯,LP组饲喂基础饲粮+4×10^(9)CFU/kg植物乳杆菌,PG+LP组饲喂基础饲粮+100 mg/kg没食子酸丙酯+4×10^(9)CFU/kg植物乳杆菌。试验期为35 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,PG组和PG+LP组的半净膛率、胸肌率显著升高(P<0.05),PG组、LP组和PG+LP组的全净膛率显著升高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,PG组的血清总胆固醇含量显著增加(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,PG组、LP组和PG+LP组的胸肌pH显著升高(P<0.05),PG组和LP组的胸肌亮度(L^(*))值显著降低(P<0.05),PG组的胸肌红度(a^(*))值显著升高(P<0.05),LP组的胸肌剪切力显著升高(P>0.05)。4)与对照组相比,PG+LP组的胸肌棕榈油酸(C16∶1)、油酸(C18∶1n9c)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量显著升高(P<0.05),胸肌硬脂酸(C18∶0)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加没食子酸丙酯和植物乳杆菌可提高北京鸭屠宰性能,改善肉品质;混合添加没食子酸丙酯和植物乳杆菌可增加北京鸭胸肌单不饱和脂肪酸含量。

Super Typhoon Hinnamnor(2022)with a Record-Breaking Lifespan over the Western North Pacific

Super Typhoon Hinnamnor(2022)was a rare and unique western North Pacific typhoon,and throughout its lifespan,it exhibited all of the major features that pose current challenges in typhoon research.Specifically,during different stages of its lifespan,it experienced a sudden change of track,underwent rapid intensification,interacted and merged with another vortex,expanded in size,underwent rapid weakening,produced a strong cold wake,exhibited eyewall replacement,and underwent extratropical transition.Therefore,a timely identification and review of these features of Hinnamnor(2022),as reported in this article,will help update and enrich the case sets for each of these scientific issues and provide a background for more in-depth mechanistic studies of typhoon track,intensity,and structural changes in the future.We also believe that Hinnamnor(2022)can serve as an excellent benchmark to quickly evaluate the overall performance of different numerical models in predicting typhoon’s track,intensity,and structural changes.