GATA3在乳腺癌中的研究进展

GATA结合蛋白3(GATA binding protein 3)是一种含锌指结构域的转录因子,GATA3不仅能维持正常乳腺导管腺上皮细胞的生长和分化,并且在多种肿瘤的发生、发展中发挥着重要的作用。目前,有关乳腺癌GATA3的研究正逐步从临床病理特征走向分子机制,其在乳腺癌侵袭和转移中的作用引起广泛关注。GATA3的表达不仅与乳腺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和转移等生物学行为密切相关,而且与乳腺癌分子分型、临床预后和治疗反应等临床病理学表现息息相关。该文将从分子机制研究和临床病理学表现对涉及GATA3与乳腺癌发生、发展的关系进行综述。

Biomimetic chitin hydrogel via chemical transformation

Chitin hydrogel has been recognized as a promising material for various biomedical applications because of its biocompatibility and biodegradability.However,the fabrication of strong chitin hydrogel remains a big challenge because of the insolubility of chitin in many solvents and the reduced chain length of chitin regenerated from solutions.We herein introduce the fabrication of chitin hydrogel with biomimetic structure through the chemical transformation of chitosan,which is a water-soluble deacetylated derivative of chitin.The reacetylation of the amino group in chitosan endows the obtained chitin hydrogel with outstanding resistance to swelling,degradation,extreme temperature and pH conditions,and organic solvents.The chitin hydrogel has excellent mechanical properties while retaining a high water content(more than 95 wt.%).It also shows excellent antifouling performance that it resists the adhesion of proteins,bacteria,blood,and cells.Moreover,as the initial chitosan solution can be feasibly frozen and templated by ice crystals,the chitin hydrogel structure can be either nacre-like or wood-like depending on the freezing method of the precursory chitosan solution.Owing to these anisotropic structures,such chitin hydrogel can exhibit anisotropic mechanics and mass transfer capabilities.The current work provides a rational strategy to fabricate chitin hydrogels and paves the way for its practical applications as a superior biomedical material.

Simulation of silicon strip detector for space-based cosmic ray experiments with Allpix^(2)

Purpose Silicon strip detectors are widely applied in space-based cosmic ray experiments and most of the silicon strip detectors deploy an analytical method for its digitization.However,the analytical method simplifies the physical process of propagation of electrons/holes generated inside the silicon detector by particles that pass through the detector.In order to simulate silicon strip detectors with different configurations comprehensively,the Allpix^(2),an open-source software,is used to study those processes.Methods When particle passes through the silicon detector,energy is deposited based on Geant4 simulation,and electron-hole pairs are created due to the deposited energy.The Allpix^(2)simulation method and the analytical method are both used to calculate or simulate the diffusion and drift processes that electron-hole pairs propagate inside the silicon detector under internal electric field,and the number of electrons/holes accumulated at implanted strips are counted.Results and conclusion The number of electrons/holes accumulated along the implanted strips are compared between the Allpix^(2)simulation method and analytical method for different incident angles and different incident positions,they are found to be in good agreement for proton particles,while there are discrepancies for carbon and silicon particles.The Allpix^(2)software may be an important tool for the study of response of silicon strip detectors in space.The charge resolution of single implanted strip predicted by Allpix^(2)simulation method is about 4.7%for proton,3.8%for carbon and 1.6%for silicon particles for an incident angle of 45◦.