Gut microbiome and serum metabolome analyses identify Bacteroides fragilis as regulators of serotonin content and PRL secretion in broody geese

Broody behavior is regulated by hypothalamic prolactin secretion,which seriously affects egg production in poulty production.Numerous studies have provided evidence that animal behavior is governed by dynamic bidirectional communication between specific gut bacteria and their host via the brain-gut-microbiome axis.However,little research focused on how the gut microbiota influence broody behavior in poultry.In this study,Zhedong white geese in laying and brooding phases were selected.Ten differentially abundant bacteria in cecum were detected between brooding and laying geese through metagenomic analyses and 16S rRNA sequencing(P<0.05),and Bacteroides fragilis was specifically identified as a key driver species in the brooding geese.Moverover,the serum metabolites were quantified,and the 313 differentially abundant metabolites were found between the two groups of different physiological geese.They were primarily enriched in the tryptophan metabolism pathways.Pearson correlation analyses revealed there was a significant positive correlation between B.fragilis abundance and the context of 11 tryptophan metabolism-related metabolites(such as serotonin,etc.)in broody geese,which hinted that those tryptophan metabolites might be produced or driven by B.fragilis.Finally,the serum hormone levels were also measured.We found there was a positive correlation between B.fragilis abundance and content of serotonin.Besides,prolactin secreted by the pituitary gland was greater in brooding geese than that in laying geese,which was also highly correlated with B.fragilis abundance.This result implied that B.fragilis could promote the secretion of prolactin by the pituitary gland.Together,the current study findings provided the information on gut microbiota influencing broody behavior,B.fragilis produced or driven more serum serotonin,and stimulated the pituitary gland to secret more prolactin,which potentially offered a new enlightenment for the intervention of broody behavior in poultry.

The Frontiers and Future Landscape of Research and Education on Value Rationality in Contemporary China

The importance of conducting in-depth research and education on value rationality in the new era is increasingly recognized.Therefore,it is essential to systematically grasp the themes,frontiers,and trends of research in this field,organizing the knowledge system to provide references for future studies.This necessitates clarifying the research achievements of scholars from different disciplines and institutions.Using the CiteSpace visualization analysis method,we can analyze,summarize,and synthesize research networks,hotspots,and knowledge structures,thereby forming a direction for advancing research.Through literature review methods and knowledge graph software analysis,it is believed that value rationality and instrumental rationality represent the rational attitudes individuals adopt when contemplating issues and putting them into practice.They are merely methods and should not be subjected to excessive value judgments.The relationship between value rationality and instrumental rationality is a focal point of societal concern,involving complex interdisciplinary issues with significant theoretical value and practical implications.In the future,the academic community needs to strengthen research collaboration,enhance the expansion of value rationality in various social practice fields,and conduct empirical studies to build consensus for the construction of Chinese society.

Contact etch process optimization for RF process wafer edge yield improvement

Radio-frequency(RF)process products suffer from a wafer edge low yield issue,which is induced by contact opening.A failure mechanism has been proposed that is based on the characteristics of a wafer edge film stack.The large step height at the wafer's edge leads to worse planarization for the sparse poly-pattern region during the inter-layer dielectric(ILD)chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)process.A thicker bottom anti-reflect coating(BARC)layer was introduced for a sparse poly-pattern at the wafer edge region.The contact open issue was solved by increasing the break through(BT)time to get a large enough window.Well profile and resistance uniformity were obtained by contact etch recipe optimization.

T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白3与妇科常见恶性肿瘤相关性的研究进展

T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白3(T cell immunoglobulin mucin 3,Tim-3)是一个新兴的免疫检查点分子,其通过抑制肿瘤微环境中的抗肿瘤免疫反应,降低免疫系统对癌细胞的杀伤及清除,癌细胞最终存活进而增殖、转移,导致肿瘤发生及进展。近年来研究发现Tim-3在宫颈癌、卵巢癌及子宫内膜癌中多为高表达,与妇科肿瘤密切相关,有望成为妇科肿瘤免疫治疗的新靶标。全文就Tim-3与妇科常见恶性肿瘤的相关性研究进展进行综述。