在复杂 fistula-in-ano: 的肛门管塞子对 mucosa 前进拍动元分析

AIM:To investigate the efficacy of the anal fistula plug(AFP) compared to the mucosa advancement flap(MAF),considered the best procedure for patients with a complex anal fistula.METHODS:The literature search included PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library and OVID original studies on the topic of AFP compared to MAF for complex fistula-in-ano that had a deadline for publication by April 2011.Randomized controlled trials,controlled clinical trials and prospective cohort studies were included in the review.After information collection,a meta-analysis was performed using data on overall success rates as well as incidence of incontinence and morbidity.The quality of postoperative life was also included with the clinical results.RESULTS:Six studies involving 408 patients(AFP = 167,MAF = 241) were included in the meta-analysis.The differences in the overall success rates and incidence of fistula recurrence were not statistically significant between the AFP and MAF [risk difference(RD) =-0.12,95%CI:-0.39-0.14;RD = 0.13;95%CI:-0.18-0.43,respectively].However,for the AFP,the risk of postoperative impaired continence was lower(RD =-0.08,95%CI:-0.15--0.02) as was the incidence of other complications(RD =-0.06,95%CI:-0.11-0.00).The postoperative quality of life,for patients treated using the AFP was superior to that of the MAF patients.Patients treated with the AFP had less persistent pain of a shorter duration and the healing time of the fistula and hospital stay were also reduced.CONCLUSION:The AFP is an effective procedure for patients with a complex anal fistula;it has the same success rate but a lower risk of complications than the MAF and may also be associated with an improved postoperative quality of life.Additional evidence is needed to confirm these findings.

Use of disposable graduated biopsy forceps improves accuracy of polyp size measurements during endoscopy

AIM: To determine the accuracy of endoscopic polyp size measurements using disposable graduated biopsy forceps(DGBF). METHODS: Gradations accurate to 1 mm were assessed with the wire of disposable graduated biopsy forceps. When a polyp was noted, endoscopists determined the width of the polyp; then, the graduated biopsy forceps was inserted and the largest diameter of the tumor was measured. After excision, during surgery or endoscopy, the polyp was measured using the vernier caliper.RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-three colorectal polyps from 119 patients were studied. The mean diameter, by post-polypectomy measurement, was 0.92 ± 0.69 cm; 83 were < 1 cm, 36 were between 1 and 2 cm, and 14 were > 2 cm. The mean diameter, by visual estimation, was 1.15 ± 0.88 cm; compared to the actual size measured using vernier calipers, the difference was statistically significant. The mean diameter measured using the DGBF was 0.93 ± 0.68 cm; compared to the actual size measured using vernier calipers, this difference was not statistically significant. The ratio between the mean size estimated by visual estimation and the actual size was significantly different from that between the mean size estimated using the DGBF and the actual size(1.26 ± 0.30 vs 1.02 ± 0.11).CONCLUSION: The accuracy of polyp size estimation was low by visual assessment; however, it improved when the DGBF was used.

Measurement system that improves the accuracy of polyp size determined at colonoscopy

AIM:To assess the accuracy of polyp size using an endoscopic lesion measurement system(ELMS).METHODS:The accuracy of polyp size assessment was compared among measurements acquired by visual estimation,disposable graduated biopsy forceps(DGBF;used as a"scale-plate")and the ELMS.RESULTS:There were 192 polyps from 166 cases included in this study.The mean diameter of the post polypectomy measurement was 0.85±0.53 cm(range:0.2-3.0 cm).The mean diameter by visual estimation was 1.10±0.53 cm,which was significantly different compared to the actual size of the polyp(P<0.001).The mean diameters obtained using DGBF(0.87±0.54cm)and ELMS(0.85±0.53 cm)did not significantly differ from the actual size of the polyp.The difference between the measurements from the ELMS and DGBF was not significant.CONCLUSION:Unlike visual estimations at colonoscopy,endoscopic graduated biopsy forceps and the endoscopic lesion measurement system are accurate methods to estimate polyp size.

Room-Temperature Magnetism of Ceria Nanocubes by Inductively Transferring Electrons to Ce Atoms from Nearby Oxygen Vacancy

Ceria(CeO_2) nanocubes were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and weak ferromagnetism was observed in room temperature. After ultraviolet irradiation, the saturation magnetization was significantly enhanced from*3.18×10^(-3) to *1.89×10^(-2) emug^(-1). This is due to the increase of oxygen vacancies in CeO_2 structure which was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectra. The first-principle calculation with Vienna ab-initio simulation package was used to illustrate the enhanced ferromagnetism mechanism after calculating the density of states(DOSs) and partial density of states(PDOSs) of CeO_2 without and with different oxygen vacancies. It was found that the increase of oxygen vacancies will enlarge the PDOSs of Ce 4f orbital and DOSs. Two electrons in one oxygen vacancy are respectively excited to 4f orbital of two Ce atoms neighboring the vacancy, making these electron spin directions on 4f orbitals of these two Ce atoms parallel. This superexchange interaction leads to the formation of ferromagnetism in CeO_2 at room temperature. Our work indicates that ultraviolet irradiation is an effective method to enhance the magnetism of CeO_2 nanocube, and the firstprinciple calculation can understand well the enhanced magnetism.

Grey relation function between local electrical potential and stomatal behavior during light exposure in plants

The stoma of the plant leaf and the factors that elicit movement of its guard cells are taken as a grey system. Effects of temporary light exposure on local electrical potential of the leaf surface (LEP), on CO 2 and on relative humidity (RH) changes within the leaf chamber were recorded with a multi-channel electronic recorder. The results are analyzed by employing the grey relation function ( ξ ) and grey relation grade ( R ) based on the Grey Theory. The analysis shows that LEP could represent the dominant factor in executing the stomatal movement under the light exposure.