[Objectives]To explore the effects of high-intensity intermittent training(HIIT)on the degree of depression,neuronal morphology,and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in the hippocampal dentate g...[Objectives]To explore the effects of high-intensity intermittent training(HIIT)on the degree of depression,neuronal morphology,and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in the hippocampal dentate gyrus(DG)of ischemic hemisphere in rats with post-stroke depression(PSD),and to investigate the potential mechanisms.[Methods]40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,sham-operation group(Sham),PSD model group,moderate intensity aerobic training group(MIAT)and HIIT group(n=8 for each group).Except the control and Sham group,all other groups were given the middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)using the intraluminal thread method,and chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)was applied.After successful modeling,training programs of different intensity were performed in the MIAT and the HIIT group.Rats in the five groups were subjected to behavioral tests(open field test and tail suspension test)before and 28 d after training.Nissl staining was used to observe the morphological changes of neurons in the left hippocampal DG area.The expressions of BDNF protein were detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry.[Results]After 28 d of training,compared with the other groups,the PSD group's pause time of the central lattice was prolonged;the immobility time increased in tail suspension test;the expression of BDNF decreased in the left hippocampal DG area.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Neurons of hippocampal DG neurons were loosely arranged;cells were missing.Nissl body was lightly stained and even dissolved;the ethological findings in MIAT and HIIT rats were reversed;the expression of BDNF was elevated.Nissl staining showed that the cells were arranged neatly;the layers were dense,and the Nissl body was deeply stained.The changes in HIIT group were more significant than that in MIAT group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Compared with the traditional medium-intensity aerobic training,high-intensity interval training can improve the depression-like behavior in rats with post-stroke depression.The potential mechanism might be that HIIT increase the neuroplasticity and expression of BDNF in hippocampal DG area.展开更多
Surging demand and reduced capacity in the ride-hailing industry have prompted numerous ride-hailing platforms to build their own car-rental services catering to drivers who do not possess private vehicles. However, t...Surging demand and reduced capacity in the ride-hailing industry have prompted numerous ride-hailing platforms to build their own car-rental services catering to drivers who do not possess private vehicles. However, the trade-off between the ride-hailing service and the car-rental service is an important issue that is still unclear in theory. Moreover, ride-hailing platforms are transitioning towards all-electric fleets in the context of Carbon Neutrality goals and government regulations. This paper considers a ride-hailing system comprising a monopolist ride-hailing platform, an electric vehicle (EV) rental firm, and a gasoline vehicle (GV) rental firm. Furthermore, we build a stylized model to study the sequential pricing of the system. The equilibrium outcomes show the significant impact of the ride-hailing platform’s decision to continue or withdraw offering EV rental services on EV and GV drivers’ net earnings, rental prices, and wages. The ride-hailing platform providing EV rental services increases EV drivers’ net earnings but decreases the GV driver wages and rental prices. However, the EV rental service offered by the ride-hailing platform does not necessarily lead to an increased total profit for the system. The improved profitability of the system by the ride-hailing platform providing EV rental services is contingent upon lower rider prices and higher fuel costs. The ride-hailing platform’s EV rental services provision also effectively fosters the ride-hailing fleet’s electrification. Furthermore, as the number of riders increases, the ride-hailing platform should reduce the commission rate for EV drivers to maintain competitiveness and profitability.展开更多
The mass transfer among the multiphase interactions among the steel, slag, lining refractory, and nonmetallic inclusions during the refining process of a bearing steel was studied using laboratory experiments and nume...The mass transfer among the multiphase interactions among the steel, slag, lining refractory, and nonmetallic inclusions during the refining process of a bearing steel was studied using laboratory experiments and numerical kinetic prediction. Experiments on the system with and without the slag phase were carried out to evaluate the influence of the refractory and the slag on the mass transfer. A mathematical model coupled the ion and molecule coexistence theory, coupled-reaction model, and the surface renewal theory was established to predict the dynamic mass transfer and composition transformation of the steel, the slag, and nonmetallic inclusions in the steel. During the refining process,Al_(2)O_(3) inclusions transformed into Mg O inclusions owing to the mass transfer of [Mg] at the steel/refractory interface and(Mg O) at the slag/refractory interface. Most of the aluminum involved in the transport entered the slag and a small part of the aluminum transferred to lining refractory, forming the Al_(2)O_(3) or Mg O·Al_(2)O_(3). The slag had a significant acceleration effect on the mass transfer. The mass transfer rate(or the reaction rate) of the system with the slag was approximately 5 times larger than that of the system without the slag. In the first 20 min of the refining, rates of magnesium mass transfer at the steel/inclusion interface, steel/refractory interface, and steel/slag interface were x, 1.1 x, and 2.2 x,respectively. The composition transformation of inclusions and the mass transfer of magnesium and aluminum in the steel were predicted with an acceptable accuracy using the established kinetic model.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the role and molecular mechanisms of aerobic exercise in post-stroke depression.[Methods]Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham,sedentary and aerobic exercise(Ex)groups.The rats in sedentar...[Objectives]To explore the role and molecular mechanisms of aerobic exercise in post-stroke depression.[Methods]Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham,sedentary and aerobic exercise(Ex)groups.The rats in sedentary and Ex groups received middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)surgery.Aerobic exercise was performed 24 h after MCAO for four weeks in Ex group.The sucrose preference test(SPT),open field test(OFT),tail suspension test(TST)was performed,respectively.The levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αwere detected by ELISA.[Results]Aerobic exercise successfully prevented depression-like symptom induced by ischemic stroke with sedentary behavior as indicated by significant increase in sucrose preference(P<0.01)during SPT and decrease in immobility time(P<0.01)during FST and TST.Aerobic exercise significantly reduced the high levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αinduced by ischemic stroke and sedentary behavior in the ischemic hippocampus(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Aerobic exercise after ischemic stroke can reverse depression and improve the inflammatory microenvironment in the hippocampus.展开更多
Advanced high-strength steel ingots with total lanthanum(TLa)contents of 0,15×10^(–6),86×10^(–6)and 360×10^(–6)were prepared through laboratory experiments.The modification of inclusions and the vari...Advanced high-strength steel ingots with total lanthanum(TLa)contents of 0,15×10^(–6),86×10^(–6)and 360×10^(–6)were prepared through laboratory experiments.The modification of inclusions and the variation of the as-cast microstructure with the content of lanthanum in the high-strength steel were analyzed.The result showed that with the increase in the TLa content in the steel from 0 to 360×10^(–6),the modification path of inclusions in the as-cast steel was Al2O_(3)and calcium aluminate→LaAlO_(3)→La_(2)O_(2)S→La_(2)O_(2)S–La2O_(3).The addition of La in the high-strength steel significantly refined the solidification structures.With the increase in the TLa content in the steel from 0 to 360×10^(–6),the ratio of the equiaxed crystal region in the macrostructure increased from 30.1%to 50.7%,the proportion of the high-angle grain boundary in the microstructure increased from 36.9%to 69.8%,and the area fraction of the acicular ferrite and the bainite increased from 0 to 93.3%.Inclusions of LaAlO_(3),La_(2)O_(2)S and La2O_(3)in the La-containing steel could act as heterogeneous nucleation cores ofα-Fe during the solidification.With the increase in the TLa content in the steel,the number density of inclusions that could act as effective heterogeneous nucleation cores in the steel gradually increased,which enlarged the ratio of the equiaxed crystal region and the proportion of intragranular acicular ferrite,and refined the as-cast microstructure of the high-strength steel.展开更多
Using molecular docking and computer network pharmacology, the active ingredients from the anticancer herb medicine, Juglans mandshurica Maxim, and the potential targets related to lung cancer were screened out rapidl...Using molecular docking and computer network pharmacology, the active ingredients from the anticancer herb medicine, Juglans mandshurica Maxim, and the potential targets related to lung cancer were screened out rapidly. Compounds-targets network of J. mandshurica in lung cancer treatment was constructed based on the network analysis. Additionally, the intermolecular forces between the top ten active compounds and the key target protein were explored. At the systemic level, the active components, potential targets, and interactive relations of J. mandshurica in the treatment of lung cancer were studied.展开更多
A rigid aromatic diamine monomer containing di-tert-butylbenzene and dimethyl groups,3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminophenyl-3",5"-di-tert-butyltoluene,was successfully synthesized by a simple coupling reac...A rigid aromatic diamine monomer containing di-tert-butylbenzene and dimethyl groups,3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminophenyl-3",5"-di-tert-butyltoluene,was successfully synthesized by a simple coupling reaction using 3,5-di-tert-butylbenzaldehyde and o-toluidine as starting materials.A series of novel polyimides(PI 3a-3c)with large pendant groups were prepared with the obtained diamine monomer and three different commercial aromatic dianhydrides(3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride,4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride,and 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride)by one-step high temperature polycondensation.The prepared polyimides exhibited high solubility and good membrane forming ability:they could be dissolved not only in some high boiling solvents such as DMF,NMP,DMAc,and m-Cresol at room temperature,but also in some low boiling solvents such as CHCl3,CH2Cl2,and THF.Their solubility in most solvents could exceed 10 wt%,and the flexible membranes could be obtained by casting their solutions.The prepared membranes exhibited good gas separation properties.The permeability coefficients of PI 3c for CO2 and O2 were up to 124.6 and 42.8 barrer,respectively,and the selectivity coefficients for CO2/CH4 and O2/N2 were 14.7 and 3.3,respectively.The membranes had light color and good optical transmission.Their optical transmittance at 450 nm wavelength was in the range of 67%-79%,and the cutoff wavelength was in the range of 310-348 nm.They also had good thermal properties with glass transition temperature(Tg)values in the range of 264-302℃.In addition,these membranes possessed good mechanical properties with tensile strength ranging between 77.8-87.4 MPa,initial modulus ranging between 1.69-1.82 GPa,and elongation at break ranging between 4.8%-6.1%.展开更多
文摘[Objectives]To explore the effects of high-intensity intermittent training(HIIT)on the degree of depression,neuronal morphology,and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in the hippocampal dentate gyrus(DG)of ischemic hemisphere in rats with post-stroke depression(PSD),and to investigate the potential mechanisms.[Methods]40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,sham-operation group(Sham),PSD model group,moderate intensity aerobic training group(MIAT)and HIIT group(n=8 for each group).Except the control and Sham group,all other groups were given the middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)using the intraluminal thread method,and chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)was applied.After successful modeling,training programs of different intensity were performed in the MIAT and the HIIT group.Rats in the five groups were subjected to behavioral tests(open field test and tail suspension test)before and 28 d after training.Nissl staining was used to observe the morphological changes of neurons in the left hippocampal DG area.The expressions of BDNF protein were detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry.[Results]After 28 d of training,compared with the other groups,the PSD group's pause time of the central lattice was prolonged;the immobility time increased in tail suspension test;the expression of BDNF decreased in the left hippocampal DG area.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Neurons of hippocampal DG neurons were loosely arranged;cells were missing.Nissl body was lightly stained and even dissolved;the ethological findings in MIAT and HIIT rats were reversed;the expression of BDNF was elevated.Nissl staining showed that the cells were arranged neatly;the layers were dense,and the Nissl body was deeply stained.The changes in HIIT group were more significant than that in MIAT group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Compared with the traditional medium-intensity aerobic training,high-intensity interval training can improve the depression-like behavior in rats with post-stroke depression.The potential mechanism might be that HIIT increase the neuroplasticity and expression of BDNF in hippocampal DG area.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),under Grant No.71871151.The authors thank the anonymous referees and editors for their valuable comments that significantly contributed towards improving the quality of the paper.
文摘Surging demand and reduced capacity in the ride-hailing industry have prompted numerous ride-hailing platforms to build their own car-rental services catering to drivers who do not possess private vehicles. However, the trade-off between the ride-hailing service and the car-rental service is an important issue that is still unclear in theory. Moreover, ride-hailing platforms are transitioning towards all-electric fleets in the context of Carbon Neutrality goals and government regulations. This paper considers a ride-hailing system comprising a monopolist ride-hailing platform, an electric vehicle (EV) rental firm, and a gasoline vehicle (GV) rental firm. Furthermore, we build a stylized model to study the sequential pricing of the system. The equilibrium outcomes show the significant impact of the ride-hailing platform’s decision to continue or withdraw offering EV rental services on EV and GV drivers’ net earnings, rental prices, and wages. The ride-hailing platform providing EV rental services increases EV drivers’ net earnings but decreases the GV driver wages and rental prices. However, the EV rental service offered by the ride-hailing platform does not necessarily lead to an increased total profit for the system. The improved profitability of the system by the ride-hailing platform providing EV rental services is contingent upon lower rider prices and higher fuel costs. The ride-hailing platform’s EV rental services provision also effectively fosters the ride-hailing fleet’s electrification. Furthermore, as the number of riders increases, the ride-hailing platform should reduce the commission rate for EV drivers to maintain competitiveness and profitability.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation China(Nos.U1860206,51725402,and 51874032)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.FRF-TP-19-037A2Z and FRFBD-20-04A)+2 种基金the S&T Program of Hebei,China(No.20311006D)the High Steel Center(HSC)at Yanshan University,Chinathe High Quality Steel Consortium(HQSC)at University of Science and Technology Beijing,China。
文摘The mass transfer among the multiphase interactions among the steel, slag, lining refractory, and nonmetallic inclusions during the refining process of a bearing steel was studied using laboratory experiments and numerical kinetic prediction. Experiments on the system with and without the slag phase were carried out to evaluate the influence of the refractory and the slag on the mass transfer. A mathematical model coupled the ion and molecule coexistence theory, coupled-reaction model, and the surface renewal theory was established to predict the dynamic mass transfer and composition transformation of the steel, the slag, and nonmetallic inclusions in the steel. During the refining process,Al_(2)O_(3) inclusions transformed into Mg O inclusions owing to the mass transfer of [Mg] at the steel/refractory interface and(Mg O) at the slag/refractory interface. Most of the aluminum involved in the transport entered the slag and a small part of the aluminum transferred to lining refractory, forming the Al_(2)O_(3) or Mg O·Al_(2)O_(3). The slag had a significant acceleration effect on the mass transfer. The mass transfer rate(or the reaction rate) of the system with the slag was approximately 5 times larger than that of the system without the slag. In the first 20 min of the refining, rates of magnesium mass transfer at the steel/inclusion interface, steel/refractory interface, and steel/slag interface were x, 1.1 x, and 2.2 x,respectively. The composition transformation of inclusions and the mass transfer of magnesium and aluminum in the steel were predicted with an acceptable accuracy using the established kinetic model.
文摘[Objectives]To explore the role and molecular mechanisms of aerobic exercise in post-stroke depression.[Methods]Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham,sedentary and aerobic exercise(Ex)groups.The rats in sedentary and Ex groups received middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)surgery.Aerobic exercise was performed 24 h after MCAO for four weeks in Ex group.The sucrose preference test(SPT),open field test(OFT),tail suspension test(TST)was performed,respectively.The levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αwere detected by ELISA.[Results]Aerobic exercise successfully prevented depression-like symptom induced by ischemic stroke with sedentary behavior as indicated by significant increase in sucrose preference(P<0.01)during SPT and decrease in immobility time(P<0.01)during FST and TST.Aerobic exercise significantly reduced the high levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αinduced by ischemic stroke and sedentary behavior in the ischemic hippocampus(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Aerobic exercise after ischemic stroke can reverse depression and improve the inflammatory microenvironment in the hippocampus.
基金support from S&T Program of Hebei(Grant No.20311004D)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A20171 and 52104342)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.E2021203062)the High Steel Center(HSC)at Yanshan University,Hebei Innovation Center of the Development and Application of High Quality Steel Materials,and Hebei International Research Center of Advanced and Intelligent Manufacturing of High Quality Steel Materials.
文摘Advanced high-strength steel ingots with total lanthanum(TLa)contents of 0,15×10^(–6),86×10^(–6)and 360×10^(–6)were prepared through laboratory experiments.The modification of inclusions and the variation of the as-cast microstructure with the content of lanthanum in the high-strength steel were analyzed.The result showed that with the increase in the TLa content in the steel from 0 to 360×10^(–6),the modification path of inclusions in the as-cast steel was Al2O_(3)and calcium aluminate→LaAlO_(3)→La_(2)O_(2)S→La_(2)O_(2)S–La2O_(3).The addition of La in the high-strength steel significantly refined the solidification structures.With the increase in the TLa content in the steel from 0 to 360×10^(–6),the ratio of the equiaxed crystal region in the macrostructure increased from 30.1%to 50.7%,the proportion of the high-angle grain boundary in the microstructure increased from 36.9%to 69.8%,and the area fraction of the acicular ferrite and the bainite increased from 0 to 93.3%.Inclusions of LaAlO_(3),La_(2)O_(2)S and La2O_(3)in the La-containing steel could act as heterogeneous nucleation cores ofα-Fe during the solidification.With the increase in the TLa content in the steel,the number density of inclusions that could act as effective heterogeneous nucleation cores in the steel gradually increased,which enlarged the ratio of the equiaxed crystal region and the proportion of intragranular acicular ferrite,and refined the as-cast microstructure of the high-strength steel.
文摘Using molecular docking and computer network pharmacology, the active ingredients from the anticancer herb medicine, Juglans mandshurica Maxim, and the potential targets related to lung cancer were screened out rapidly. Compounds-targets network of J. mandshurica in lung cancer treatment was constructed based on the network analysis. Additionally, the intermolecular forces between the top ten active compounds and the key target protein were explored. At the systemic level, the active components, potential targets, and interactive relations of J. mandshurica in the treatment of lung cancer were studied.
基金This work was finanially supported by the Key Research Project of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2017645)Scientifc Research and Innovation Project for Graduate Students in Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX19-1757)。and a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China。
文摘A rigid aromatic diamine monomer containing di-tert-butylbenzene and dimethyl groups,3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminophenyl-3",5"-di-tert-butyltoluene,was successfully synthesized by a simple coupling reaction using 3,5-di-tert-butylbenzaldehyde and o-toluidine as starting materials.A series of novel polyimides(PI 3a-3c)with large pendant groups were prepared with the obtained diamine monomer and three different commercial aromatic dianhydrides(3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride,4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride,and 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride)by one-step high temperature polycondensation.The prepared polyimides exhibited high solubility and good membrane forming ability:they could be dissolved not only in some high boiling solvents such as DMF,NMP,DMAc,and m-Cresol at room temperature,but also in some low boiling solvents such as CHCl3,CH2Cl2,and THF.Their solubility in most solvents could exceed 10 wt%,and the flexible membranes could be obtained by casting their solutions.The prepared membranes exhibited good gas separation properties.The permeability coefficients of PI 3c for CO2 and O2 were up to 124.6 and 42.8 barrer,respectively,and the selectivity coefficients for CO2/CH4 and O2/N2 were 14.7 and 3.3,respectively.The membranes had light color and good optical transmission.Their optical transmittance at 450 nm wavelength was in the range of 67%-79%,and the cutoff wavelength was in the range of 310-348 nm.They also had good thermal properties with glass transition temperature(Tg)values in the range of 264-302℃.In addition,these membranes possessed good mechanical properties with tensile strength ranging between 77.8-87.4 MPa,initial modulus ranging between 1.69-1.82 GPa,and elongation at break ranging between 4.8%-6.1%.
