痛泻要方对急性放射性肠炎大鼠肠组织的防护作用及机制

目的初步研究痛泻要方对急性放射性肠炎(radiation enteritis,RE)大鼠肠组织的防护作用及机制.方法随机将48只♂SD大鼠分为4组:A组为正常对照组(n=12)、B组为模型照射组(n=12)、C组为痛泻要方组(n=12)、D组为谷氨酰胺组(n=12);A组不予任何处理,其余三组均以高能X线直线加速器给予10 Gy全腹腔照射.造模成功后第1天,A组和B组给予蒸馏水,C组给予中药痛泻要方,D组给予谷氨酰胺,各组均连续灌胃7 d.每日观察大鼠一般状况、排便情况及体重变化.各组均于灌胃结束后6 h取空肠组织,光镜下观察肠组织形态学变化.检测空肠组织匀浆一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)的含量,ELISA法测定空肠黏膜炎性因子白介素(interleukin,IL)-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)的蛋白含量.结果灌胃结束后,除B组于造模第3天死亡1只外,其余各组均无死亡.C组和D组大鼠的一般状况及黏液血便均有不同程度改善,体重增加较B组明显(P<0.05).与B组比较,C组和D组大鼠的NO、IL-6及TNF-α含量均出现下降(P<0.05).C组和D组大鼠的IL-10含量较B组大鼠明显升高,差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01).结论痛泻要方对急性RE大鼠的肠黏膜具有防护作用,其机制可能与降低空肠NO、IL-6及TNF-α活性,提高IL-10含量,减轻肠组织炎症反应有关.

Regulating effect of Tong Xie-Yao Fang on colonic epithelial secretion via Cl- and HCO3- channel

AIM To investigate the pharmacological effect of Tong XieYao Fang(TXYF) formula, a Chinese herbal formula, on Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(D-IBS) rats.METHODS In a neonatal maternal separation plus restraint stress(NMS + RS) model of D-IBS, male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups(NMS + RS group and TXYF-formula group) with no handlings were used as controls(NH group). Starting from postnatalday 60, rats in TXYF-formula group were administered TXYF-formula(4.92 g/100 g bodyweight) orally twice a day for 14 consecutive days while NH group and NMS + RS group were given distilled water. Using short-circuit current technology, we observed 5-HT-induced changes of current across ion channels, such as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR) Clchannel, epithelial Na+ channel(ENaC), Ca2+-dependent Cl- channel(CACC), Na+-K+-2Cl- co-transporter(NKCC), and Na+-HCO-3 co-transporter(NBC), in the colonic epithelium of three groups after exposure to drugs and specific blockers with a Power Lab System(AD Instruments International).RESULTS Under basal conditions, the changes of short-circuit current(?Isc, μA/cm2) induced by 5-HT were similar in NH group and TXYF-formula group, and both higher than NMS + RS group(70.86 μA/cm2 ± 12.32 μA/cm2, 67.67 μA/cm2 ± 11.68 μA/cm2 vs 38.8 μA/cm2 ± 7.25 μA/cm2, P < 0.01, respectively). When CACC was blocked by 4,4′-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid, 5-HT-induced ?Isc was smaller in NMS + RS group than in NH group and TXYF-formula group, respectively(48.41 μA/cm2 ± 13.15 μA/cm2 vs 74.62 μA/cm2 ± 10.73 μA/cm2, 69.22 μA/cm2 ± 11.7 μA/cm2, P < 0.05, respectively). The similar result could be obtained when ENaC was blocked by Amiloride(44.69 μA/cm2 ± 12.58 μA/cm2 vs 62.05 μA/cm2 ± 11.26 μA/cm2, 62.11 μA/cm2 ± 12.01 μA/cm2, P < 0.05, respectively). However, when CFTR Cl- channel was blocked by 1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride(DPC), 5-HT-induced ?Isc did not significantly differ in three groups(42.28 μA/cm2 ± 10.61 μA/cm2 vs 51.48 μA/cm2 ± 6.56 μA/cm2 vs 47.75 μA/cm2 ± 7.99 μA/cm2, P > 0.05, respectively). The similar results could also be obtained in three groups when NBC and NKCC were respectively blocked by their blockers.CONCLUSION TXYF-formula can regulate the Cl- and HCO-3 secretion of colonic mucosa via CFTR Cl- channel, Cl-/HCO-3 exchanger, NBC and NKCC co-transporters.

Risk factors associated with missed colorectal flat adenoma: A multicenter retrospective tandem colonoscopy study

AIM: To determine the miss rate for colorectal flat adenomas during colonoscopy and the risk factors.

Effect of ESBD on immune function, stress, blood amylase and urinary trypsinogen-2 in patients with common bile duct stones

Objective:To investigate the effects of endoscopic small sphincterotomy and balloon dilatation (ESBD) on immune function, stress, serum amylase and urinary trypsinogen-2 levels in patients with common bile duct stones.Methods: The clinical data of 150 patients with common bile duct stones admitted to Wuxi people's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different surgical methods, the study group and the control group were divided into 75 cases. The study group was treated with ESBD, and the control group was treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). The changes of inflammation [high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), glycoprotein antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and procalcitonin (PCT)] and stress response [C peptide (C-P), natural killer cell (NK) and cortisol (Cor)], blood amylase (AMS) and trypsinogen-2 (Try-2) were compared between the two groups.Results: The levels of C-P, NK and Cor, the HMGB1, CA19-9 and PCT, and the AMS and Try-2 in two groups before the operation were not significant difference (P>0.05). The levels of NK, CA19-9 was significantly decreased and C-P, Cor, HMGB1, PCT, AMS and Try-2 were significantly increased in both groups after operation (P<0.05). The levels of CP and Cor levels in the study group were (1.16±0.13) nmol/L and (150.23±15.12) nmol/L, respectively, which were lower than the control group (P<0.05). The levels of NK was (25.27±2.39)%, which were higher than the control group (P<0.05). The HMGB1, CA19-9 and PCT levels in the study group were (12.02±1.10) μg/L, (20.31±2.26) U/mL and (5.33±0.53) μg/L, respectively, which were lower than the control group (P<0.05). The AMS and Try-2 levels in the study group were (250.02±25.20) U/L and (36.11±3.51) ng/mL, respectively, which were lower than the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: ESBD can effectively alleviate inflammatory reaction and stress response, and has little effect on blood amylase and urinary trypsin-2 in patients with common bile duct stones, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Composing atomic transition metal sites for high-performance bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis in rechargeable zinc-air batteries

Rechargeable zinc-air batteries have attracted extensive attention as clean,safe,and high-efficient en-ergy storage devices.However,the oxygen redox reactions at cathode are highly sluggish in kinetics and severely limit the actual battery performance.Atomic transition metal sites demonstrate high electro-catalytic activity towards respective oxygen reduction and evolution,while high bifunctional electro-catalytic activity is seldomly achieved.Herein a strategy of composing atomic transition metal sites is proposed to fabricate high active bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts and high-performance recharge-able zinc-air batteries.Concretely,atomic Fe and Ni sites are composed based on their respective high electrocatalytic activity on oxygen reduction and evolution.The composite electrocatalyst demonstrates high bifunctional electrocatalytic activity(ΔE=0.72 V)and exceeds noble-metal-based Pt/C+Ir/C(ΔE=0.79 V).Accordingly,rechargeable zinc-air batteries with the composite electrocatalyst realize over 100 stable cycles at 25 mA cm-2.This work affords an effective strategy to fabricate bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for high-performance rechargeable zinc-air batteries.

Kinematics-based four-state trajectory tracking control of a spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum

Spherical mobile robot has compact structure, remarkable stability, and flexible motion,which make it have many advantages over traditional mobile robots when applied in those unmanned environments, such as outer planets. However, spherical mobile robot is a special highly under-actuated nonholonomic system, which cannot be transformed to the classic chained form. At present, there has not been a kinematics-based trajectory tracking controller which could track both the position states and the attitude states of a spherical mobile robot. In this paper, the four-state(two position states and two attitude states) trajectory tracking control of a type of spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum was studied. A controller based on the shunting model of neurodynamics and the kinematic model was deduced, and its stability was demonstrated with Lyapunov’s direct method. The control priorities of the four states were allocated according to the magnification of each state tracking error in order to firstly ensure the correct tracking of the position states. The outputs(motor speeds) of the controller were regulated according to the maximum speeds and the maximum accelerations of the actuation motors in order to solve the speed jump problem caused by initial state errors, and continuous and bounded outputs were obtained. The effectiveness including the anti-interference ability of the proposed trajectory tracking controller was verified through MATLAB simulations.

High expression of FABP4 in colorectal cancer and its clinical significance

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the fatty acid-binding protein 4(FABP4)and colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods:Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),we measured the expression of FABP4 in plasma of50 patients who underwent surgery for CRC from October 2017 to May 2018 and 50 healthy controls.The content of the visceral fat area(VFA)as seen with abdominal computed tomography(CT)scanning was measured by ImageJ software.The expression levels of FABP4,E-cadherin,and Snail proteins in CRC and adjacent tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry.Results:The mean concentration of plasma FABP4 of CRC patients was higher than that of the control group(22.46 vs.9.82 ng/m L;P<0.05).The concentration of plasma FABP4 was related to the tumor,node,metastatis(TNM)stage and lymph node metastasis and was independent of age,body mass index(BMI),tumor size and location,and the degree of differentiation of CRC.The concentration of plasma FABP4 was positively correlated with high VFA and lipoprotein-a(LPA)(P<0.05);but it was not correlated with total cholesterol(TG),total triglyceride(TC),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),high-density lipoprotein(HDL),or apolipoprotein AI(Apo-AI).The expression of FABP4 protein in CRC tissues was positively correlated with the degree of CRC differentiation,tumor stage,and lymph node metastasis.The level of FABP4 protein was negatively correlated with E-cadherin protein(r=-0.3292,P=0.0196)and positively correlated with Snail protein(r=0.5856,P<0.0001).Conclusions:High LPA and VFA were risk factors for increased plasma FABP4 in CRC patients.FABP4 protein was highly expressed in CRC tissues and associated with TNM stage,differentiation,and lymph node metastasis of CRC.The level of FABP4 in CRC tissue was correlated with E-cadherin and Snail expression,suggesting that FABP4 may promote CRC progression related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT).

Design,Fabrication and Experiments of an Anthropomorphic Finger with Combined Compliant Joints

Fingers are the basic components of anthropomorphic hands.At present,most anthropomorphic fingers utilize rigid joints,which have obvious fabrication and assembly complexities as well as limited flexibility and adaptability.Thus,some anthropomorphic fingers were attempted to utilize compliant joints learned from bioinspiration,but they have a limited self-resetting ability and lateral deformation resistance,as well as occupying a large space and having a non-anthropomorphic appearance.In this paper,nine compliant joints for anthropomorphic fingers were analyzed using Finite Element Analysis(FEA),based on which two combined compliant joints were proposed,and the optimal one was obtained through FEA and experiments.An anthropomorphic finger that embeds parts of the compliant joint into the adjacent phalanxes was then designed.Finally,the anthropomorphic finger was fabricated and experiments were conducted.Experimental results show that the anthropomorphic finger with the proposed combined compliant joints has a better self-resetting ability and lateral deformation resistance while ensuring a large range of motion similar to that of the human finger,and the required actuating force is reasonable.Furthermore,the embedded joint structure can reduce the occupied space of the joint so as to improve the anthropomorphic appearance of the finger,and enhance its lateral deformation resistance.