“双一流”背景下高等农业院校有机化学基础课程教学新模式的构建及实践

四川农业大学作物学入选一流学科建设,有机化学作为农林专业创新型人才培养的战略支撑,如何把握机遇,找准定位,深化有机化学基础课教学改革,为农林类学科培养基础扎实、创新意识强的优质生源是我们长期面临的挑战。以一流学科建设为导向,通过调研确立双一流建设期有机化学基础课实施性教学方案,构建有机化学立体化教学资源库,实践“兴趣培养–思维开发–自主协作学习”课堂教学模式与“基础技能–综合应用–探索创新”梯度式实践教学模式,在农学、林学、动物医学等共35个专业推广,提升创新型人才培养质量,有效支撑我校一流学科建设,为同类农林高校有机化学基础课教学提供参考。

“新农科”背景下四川农业大学一流化学专业建设

自教育部启动“双万计划”以来,四川农业大学积极响应号召,对化学生物学与应用化学本科专业进行升级改造。在新农科背景下,紧密围绕化学专业定位,依托生物资源化学、生物与医药“本硕博”培养体系以及“化学”和“生物与生物化学”双学科优势,从师资队伍与教学团队建设、特色课程体系与一流课程建设、实验平台与科研团队建设、学生培养体系建设等方面进行了积极探索。我校化学生物学已获批四川省本科一流专业建设点,“化学”学科于2022年跻身ESI全球前1%。为同类农业院校本科化学专业建设提供参考。

Correction to:Study on the resource utilization of high fluorine-containing organic waste through fluidized incineration

Correction to:Waste Disposal&Sustainable Energy(2022)4:117-129 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42768-022-00101-7 The section Confict of interest'has been amended:'Jian-hua Yan is the Editor in-Chief of Waste Disposal&Sustain-able Energy.'The revised'Confict of interest'is as follows:Jianhua Yan is the Editor-in-Chief of Waste Disposal&Sustainable Energy.On behalf of all authors,the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Electrochemical solid-state amorphization in the immiscible Cu-Li system

As a typical immiscible binary system, copper (Cu) and lithium (Li) show no alloying and chemical intermixing under normal circumstances. Here we show that, when decreasing Cu nanoparticle sizes into ultrasmall range, the nanoscale size effect can play a subtle yet critical role in mediating the chemical activity of Cu and therefore its miscibility with Li, such that the electrochemical alloying and solidstate amorphization will occur in such an immiscible system. This unusual observation was accomplished by performing in-situ studies of the electrochemical lithiation processes of individual CuO nanowires inside a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Upon lithiation, CuO nanowires are first electrochemically reduced to form discrete ultrasmall Cu nanocrystals that, unexpectedly, can in turn undergo further electrochemical lithiation to form amorphous Cu Lixnanoalloys. Real-time TEM imaging unveils that there is a critical grain size (ca. 6 nm), below which the nanocrystalline Cu particles can be continuously lithiated and amorphized. The possibility that the observed solid-state amorphization of Cu-Li might be induced by electron beam irradiation effect can be explicitly ruled out; on the contrary, it was found that electron beam irradiation will lead to the dealloying of as-formed amorphous Cu Lixnanoalloys.

OsMADS32 interacts with PI-like proteins and regulates rice flower development

OsMADS32 is a monocot specific MIKCc type MADS‐box gene that plays an important role in regulating rice floral meristem and organs identity, a crucial process for reproductive success and rice yield. However, its underlying mechanism of action remains to be clarified. Here, we characterized a hypomorphic mutant allele of OsMADS32/CFO1, cfo1‐3 and identified its function in controlling rice flower development by bioinformatics and protein‐protein interaction analysis. The cfo1‐3 mutant produces defective flowers, including loss of lodicule identity, formation of ectopic lodicule or hull‐like organs and decreased stamen number, mimicking phenotypes related to the mutation of B class genes. Molecular characterization indicated that mis‐splicing of OsMADS32 transcripts in the cfo1‐3 mutant resulted in an extra eight amino acids in the K‐domain of OsMADS32 protein. By yeast two hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence comple-mentation assays, we revealed that the insertion of eight amino acids or deletion of the internal region in the K1 subdomain of OsMADS32 affects the interaction between OsMADS32 with PISTILLATA （PI）‐like proteins OsMADS2 and OsMADS4. This work provides new insight into the mecha-nism by which OsMADS32 regulates rice lodicule and stamen identity, by interaction with two PI‐like proteins via its K domain.

In-situ TEM investigation of MoS2 upon alkali metal intercalation

Phase transition in two dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS_2) can be induced by several methods and has been investigated for decades. Alkali metal insertion of MoS_2 had been proved an effective method to cause phase transition early in 1970s, and has been gaining renewed interest recently, due to the possible application of MoS_2 in energy storage. The alkali metal intercalation of MoS_2 has been studied by various techniques, among which in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides unique capability of real time resolving the structural evolution of the materials at high spatial resolutions. Here by in-situ TEM technique we investigated the structural evolution of MoS_2 upon lithium and sodium intercalation, along with transformation of the nanosheet and variation of the electron diffraction patterns. The intercalation process is accompanied by emergence of superstructures, which exist in several forms. The ion intercalation results in phase transition of MoS_2 from 2H to 1T, and the driving mechanism of the phase transition are discussed. The work provides a more comprehensive understanding of ion intercalation induced phase transition of MoS_2.

Structure-based identification and pathway elucidation of flavonoids in Camptotheca acuminate

Flavonoid metabolism in Camptotheca acuminate remained an untapped area for years.A tandem MS approach was used and focused on the mining and characterizing of flavonoids in mature C.acuminate.Fifteen new flavonoids and forty-three known flavonoids,including fifteen flavone analogs,sixteen flavonol analogs,seven flavanone analogs,six chalcone analogs,four xanthone analogs,ten flavane analogs were mined and identified based on their MS/MS fragments.Fifty-three of them were firstly characterized in C.acuminate.Eight biosynthetic precursors for these flavonoids were also identified.We constructed a specific metabolic map for flavonoids according to their relative contents in the flowers,fruits,stems,and leaves of C.acuminate.Furthermore,the most probable genes involved in chalcone biosynthesis,flavonoid hydroxylation,methylation,and glycosylation were further mined and fished in the gene reservoir of C.acuminate according to their conserved domains and co-expression analysis.These findings enable us to acquire a better understanding of versatile flavonoid metabolism in C.acuminate.

Study on the resource utilization of high fluorine-containing organic waste through fluidized incineration

In this study,the method of fluidized incineration and water washing to recover hydrogen fluoride(HF)was proposed to dispose of high fluorine-containing organic waste.The resource utilization of the waste was investigated in a fluidized bed incinerator with a disposal capability of 10 t/d.The evolution characteristics of fluorine,operation conditions of the incineration system,absorption coefficient for HF by water washing,and HF corrosion during combustion were assessed.The results showed that HF and fluorocarbons were detected as the initial gaseous fluorides released during combustion.The release of HF could be divided into three stages,in which HF was generated from the volatilization of HF in the waste and the hydrolysis of fluorine in water-soluble salts(60–220℃),oxidative decomposition of fluorinated organic components and residual carbon(220–800℃),and hydrolysis of insoluble fluorinated inorganic minerals(800–1000℃).Fluorocarbons could be destroyed through reactions with free radicals H,O,and OH or through single-molecule decomposition.Enhancing the temperature in the furnace and increasing the content of oxygen and hydrogen in the incineration materials were conducive to reducing the generation of fluorocarbons.By sampling and analyzing the bottom slag,bag filter ash and exhaust gas during the field test,the relevant pollutant discharge could meet the national emission standards.The waste heat utilization of high-temperature flue gas and the recovery of hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid were realized.In the recovery of HF by water washing,the total absorption coefficients for 1#to 4#packed absorbers were 52.38 kg/(h m^(2)),39.96 kg/(h m^(2)),5.98 kg/(h m^(2))and 3.89 kg/(h m^(2)),respectively.In the actual operation,alumina showed good corrosion resistance to high-temperature HF and could be used as bed materials or refractory materials.Low-temperature corrosion of HF occurred in the quenching heat exchanger,which was damaged after 6 months of continuous operation.High-temperature corrosion of HF occurred in the waste heat boiler.No significant corrosion was observed in the 24 months of operation.

Simulation study of the performance of new micropattern gaseous detectors

Background The micropattern gaseous detectors(MPGDs)are widely used in high-energy physics experiment,such as detector upgrade projects in LHC,due to its excellent performance on rate capability,spatial and time resolutions.Method In this paper,we studied the performances of GEM,FTM andμ-RWELL detectors on time and spatial resolutions using Monte Carlo simulation methods and compared their performances and characteristics at various working conditions.Result Result shows that time resolution of MPGDs improves with the increase of electric field intensity in drift region,while spatial resolution shows the reverse tendency.In addition,detectors operating with an electronegative gas mixture show better performances on both time and spatial resolution.Conclusion We studied the performance of triple-GEM,FTM andμ-RWELL detectors with Monte Carlo simulation.In this paper,ANSYS and GARFIELD are used to build full electric field model of the detector.The time resolution and spatial resolution are derived,which are very important for triggering performance and track reconstruction ability.These results will provide references on detector design and the technology chosen in LHC detector upgrade projects.