Xibei tree peony is a distinctive cultivar group that features red–purple blotches in petals.Interestingly,the pigmentations of blotches and non-blotches are largely independent of one another.The underlying molecula...Xibei tree peony is a distinctive cultivar group that features red–purple blotches in petals.Interestingly,the pigmentations of blotches and non-blotches are largely independent of one another.The underlying molecular mechanism had attracted lots of attention from investigators,but was still uncertain.Our present work demonstrates the factors that are closely related to blotch formation in Paeonia rockii‘Shu Sheng Peng Mo’.Non-blotch pigmentation is prevented by the silencing of anthocyanin structural genes,among which PrF3H,PrDFR,and PrANS are the three major genes.We characterized two R2R3-MYBs as the key transcription factors that control the early and late anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways.PrMYBa1,which belongs to MYB subgroup 7(SG7)was found to activate the early biosynthetic gene(EBG)PrF3H by interacting with SG5 member PrMYBa2 to form an‘MM’complex.The SG6 member PrMYBa3 interacts with two SG5(IIIf)bHLHs to synergistically activate the late biosynthetic genes(LBGs)PrDFR and PrANS,which is essential for anthocyanin accumulation in petal blotches.The comparison of methylation levels of the PrANS and PrF3H promoters between blotch and non-blotch indicated a correlation between hypermethylation and gene silencing.The methylation dynamics of PrANS promoter during flower development revealed a potential early demethylating reaction,which may have contributed to the particular expression of PrANS solely in the blotch area.We suggest that the formation of petal blotch may be highly associated with the cooperation of transcriptional activation and DNA methylation of structural gene promoters.展开更多
Paeonia species are important ornamental plants,including three types:tree peony,herbaceous peony,and Itoh hybrid peony.Paeonia with yellow color is desired and becoming popular.However,the chemical mechanism of the f...Paeonia species are important ornamental plants,including three types:tree peony,herbaceous peony,and Itoh hybrid peony.Paeonia with yellow color is desired and becoming popular.However,the chemical mechanism of the formation of yellow flowers in Paeonia is still unclear.In this study,14 representative samples were selected:four samples of three species of Paeonia,four herbaceous peony cultivars,three lutea hybrid tree peony cultivars,and three Itoh hybrid peony cultivars.The petal extracts of the samples were determined by HPLC-DAD and HPLCQ-TOF-MS/MS.In total,29 flavonoids were isolated and identified,including 28 flavonol glycosides and one chalcone derivative.There were significant differences in the composition and content of flavonoids in petals of different cultivars(species).The total content of flavonoids was between 19.430 and 143.043 mg·g^−1 DW.Flavonol glycosides were detected in all samples.Chalconaringenin 2′-O-glucoside was detected from one herbaceous peony cultivar‘Golden Wheel’lutea hybrid tree peony cultivars,and Itoh peony cultivars.The content of chalconaringenin 2′-O-glucoside in the samples was more than 43% of total flavonoids.The pigment type and content of lutea hybrid tree peonies and Itoh hybrid peonies are similar.Total flavonoids,especially quercetin 3-O-galloylglucoside and chalconaringenin 2′-O-glucoside contribute greatly to the formation of yellow flowers of Paeonia.The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the chemical mechanism for yellow flower coloration of Paeonia,and lay the foundation for yellow flower breeding of Paeonia.展开更多
The yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) mating assay is a powerful method for detecting protein-protein interactions. Firstly, the gene of interest is cloned into specific Y2H vectors. Although multiple innovations in cloning meth...The yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) mating assay is a powerful method for detecting protein-protein interactions. Firstly, the gene of interest is cloned into specific Y2H vectors. Although multiple innovations in cloning methods were made in the past two decades, the conventional cloning method of restriction-enzyme (RE) digestion followed by ligation is still widely used. Unfortunately, many researchers, especially new-comers, often encounter difficulties in cloning a gene into a desired vector. Secondly, interaction between two proteins is commonly detected by growth of the diploids in specific media. This step takes about two weeks. Here, we describe improved cloning and detection procedures for the Y2H assay that accelerate the research progress. The changes in procedures involve running an agarose gel after the doubly digested vector and insert are ligated in the cloning step to determine the efficiency of RE digestion and ligation, and performing an additional replica-plating on plates for earlier assessment of interaction in the detection step. We show an example of Y2H interaction between Trs23 and Trs120 (respective subunits of TRAPP I and TRAPP II), as a proof of concept. By following the improved methods described here, the chances of successful cloning increased and the time for the whole Y2H experimental process is significantly shorter.展开更多
Aerobic glycolysis,also known as the Warburg effect,is a hallmark of cancer and essential for metabolism in malignancies,but its regulation and modulation in cancer cells remain poorly understood.Here,using large-scal...Aerobic glycolysis,also known as the Warburg effect,is a hallmark of cancer and essential for metabolism in malignancies,but its regulation and modulation in cancer cells remain poorly understood.Here,using large-scale functional screening,we identified a tumor-associated and broadly expressed oncogenic long noncoding RNA LINC00973.Notably,knocking down LINC00973 significantly inhibits the proliferation of multiple types of cancer cells and reduces tumor growth in vivo.Mechanistically,LINC00973 directly binds to lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA),an essential glycolytic enzyme,and enhances its enzymatic activity,thereby promoting glycolysis.Clinically,high expression of LINC00973 is significantly associated with poor prognosis in many types of human cancers.This work demonstrates that LINC00973 modulates cancer-specific regulation of the Warburg effect,and may represent a potential target for broad-acting anti-cancer therapies.展开更多
In the present work,nanoporous carbon(NPC)was prepared from a metal-organic framework(zeolite imidazolate framework 8,ZIF-8).Different concentrations of graphene oxide(GO)were used to make NPC/reduced graphene oxide(N...In the present work,nanoporous carbon(NPC)was prepared from a metal-organic framework(zeolite imidazolate framework 8,ZIF-8).Different concentrations of graphene oxide(GO)were used to make NPC/reduced graphene oxide(NPC/rGO-x,x=0.5,1.0,1.5,and 2.0)composites,and thenγ-MnS/NPC/rGO-1 composite was synthesized via a simple hydrothermal technique.The electrochemical characteristics of porous carbon composites(NPC/rGO-x)andγ-MnS/NPC/rGO-1 electrodes were investigated by galvanostatic charge and discharge,cyclic voltammetry,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.NPC/rGO-1 showed the highest specific capacitance of 207 F/g at 0.5 A/g.Also,theγ-MnS/NPC/rGO-1 electrode demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance with a high specific capacitance of 300 F/g at 0.5 A/g and impressive cyclic stability of 70%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 1 A/g.As a result,this study demonstrates thatγ-MnS/NPC/rGO-1 electrode can be considered a promising candidate for high-performance supercapacitors.展开更多
In the process of printing and copying,the volatilization of toner produces tiny particles and harmful gases that are detrimental to the human body.Low-temperature printing and copying can reduce harmful gas emissions...In the process of printing and copying,the volatilization of toner produces tiny particles and harmful gases that are detrimental to the human body.Low-temperature printing and copying can reduce harmful gas emissions.Styrene acrylic resin is the main component of toner and the thermal conductivity of toner can be improved by increasing the thermal conductivity of styrene acrylic resin.In this paper,hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN),carboxyl modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs-COOH)and graphene hybrid fillers were added into styrene acrylic resin to improve the thermal conductivity of resin composite by forming a connected thermal conductivity network in resin.The experimental result shows that the thermal conductivity of the h-BN/styrene acrylic resin composite increases with the increase in h-BN filler content(0-20wt%).When 20.0 wt%h-BN is added into styrene acrylic resin,the thermal conductivity is increased by 83.63%.Hybrid fillers(MWCNTs-COOH/graphene and 3.0 wt%h-BN)were added in styrene acrylic resin and the thermal conductivity of the composite is almost the same or higher than that of 20.0 wt%h-BN/styrene acrylic resin composite.The thermal conductivity of styrene acrylic resin composites improved by 69.57%and 87.14%via adding 1.5wt%CNTs-3 wt%h-BN and 1.0wt%graphene-3 wt%h-BN.MWCNTs-COOH or graphene can bridge isolated h-BN aggregates to form a thermally conductive network in styrene acrylic resin,while the addition of graphene improves the thermal conductivity of resin composite higher than that of MWCNTs-COOH.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32030095).
文摘Xibei tree peony is a distinctive cultivar group that features red–purple blotches in petals.Interestingly,the pigmentations of blotches and non-blotches are largely independent of one another.The underlying molecular mechanism had attracted lots of attention from investigators,but was still uncertain.Our present work demonstrates the factors that are closely related to blotch formation in Paeonia rockii‘Shu Sheng Peng Mo’.Non-blotch pigmentation is prevented by the silencing of anthocyanin structural genes,among which PrF3H,PrDFR,and PrANS are the three major genes.We characterized two R2R3-MYBs as the key transcription factors that control the early and late anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways.PrMYBa1,which belongs to MYB subgroup 7(SG7)was found to activate the early biosynthetic gene(EBG)PrF3H by interacting with SG5 member PrMYBa2 to form an‘MM’complex.The SG6 member PrMYBa3 interacts with two SG5(IIIf)bHLHs to synergistically activate the late biosynthetic genes(LBGs)PrDFR and PrANS,which is essential for anthocyanin accumulation in petal blotches.The comparison of methylation levels of the PrANS and PrF3H promoters between blotch and non-blotch indicated a correlation between hypermethylation and gene silencing.The methylation dynamics of PrANS promoter during flower development revealed a potential early demethylating reaction,which may have contributed to the particular expression of PrANS solely in the blotch area.We suggest that the formation of petal blotch may be highly associated with the cooperation of transcriptional activation and DNA methylation of structural gene promoters.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772350).
文摘Paeonia species are important ornamental plants,including three types:tree peony,herbaceous peony,and Itoh hybrid peony.Paeonia with yellow color is desired and becoming popular.However,the chemical mechanism of the formation of yellow flowers in Paeonia is still unclear.In this study,14 representative samples were selected:four samples of three species of Paeonia,four herbaceous peony cultivars,three lutea hybrid tree peony cultivars,and three Itoh hybrid peony cultivars.The petal extracts of the samples were determined by HPLC-DAD and HPLCQ-TOF-MS/MS.In total,29 flavonoids were isolated and identified,including 28 flavonol glycosides and one chalcone derivative.There were significant differences in the composition and content of flavonoids in petals of different cultivars(species).The total content of flavonoids was between 19.430 and 143.043 mg·g^−1 DW.Flavonol glycosides were detected in all samples.Chalconaringenin 2′-O-glucoside was detected from one herbaceous peony cultivar‘Golden Wheel’lutea hybrid tree peony cultivars,and Itoh peony cultivars.The content of chalconaringenin 2′-O-glucoside in the samples was more than 43% of total flavonoids.The pigment type and content of lutea hybrid tree peonies and Itoh hybrid peonies are similar.Total flavonoids,especially quercetin 3-O-galloylglucoside and chalconaringenin 2′-O-glucoside contribute greatly to the formation of yellow flowers of Paeonia.The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the chemical mechanism for yellow flower coloration of Paeonia,and lay the foundation for yellow flower breeding of Paeonia.
文摘The yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) mating assay is a powerful method for detecting protein-protein interactions. Firstly, the gene of interest is cloned into specific Y2H vectors. Although multiple innovations in cloning methods were made in the past two decades, the conventional cloning method of restriction-enzyme (RE) digestion followed by ligation is still widely used. Unfortunately, many researchers, especially new-comers, often encounter difficulties in cloning a gene into a desired vector. Secondly, interaction between two proteins is commonly detected by growth of the diploids in specific media. This step takes about two weeks. Here, we describe improved cloning and detection procedures for the Y2H assay that accelerate the research progress. The changes in procedures involve running an agarose gel after the doubly digested vector and insert are ligated in the cloning step to determine the efficiency of RE digestion and ligation, and performing an additional replica-plating on plates for earlier assessment of interaction in the detection step. We show an example of Y2H interaction between Trs23 and Trs120 (respective subunits of TRAPP I and TRAPP II), as a proof of concept. By following the improved methods described here, the chances of successful cloning increased and the time for the whole Y2H experimental process is significantly shorter.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371314 and 81673460)Sichuan Youth Science and Technology Innovation Research Team of Experimental Formulology(2020JDTD0022).
文摘Aerobic glycolysis,also known as the Warburg effect,is a hallmark of cancer and essential for metabolism in malignancies,but its regulation and modulation in cancer cells remain poorly understood.Here,using large-scale functional screening,we identified a tumor-associated and broadly expressed oncogenic long noncoding RNA LINC00973.Notably,knocking down LINC00973 significantly inhibits the proliferation of multiple types of cancer cells and reduces tumor growth in vivo.Mechanistically,LINC00973 directly binds to lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA),an essential glycolytic enzyme,and enhances its enzymatic activity,thereby promoting glycolysis.Clinically,high expression of LINC00973 is significantly associated with poor prognosis in many types of human cancers.This work demonstrates that LINC00973 modulates cancer-specific regulation of the Warburg effect,and may represent a potential target for broad-acting anti-cancer therapies.
基金This work was supported by the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex System(No.MPCS-2021-A-12),Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘In the present work,nanoporous carbon(NPC)was prepared from a metal-organic framework(zeolite imidazolate framework 8,ZIF-8).Different concentrations of graphene oxide(GO)were used to make NPC/reduced graphene oxide(NPC/rGO-x,x=0.5,1.0,1.5,and 2.0)composites,and thenγ-MnS/NPC/rGO-1 composite was synthesized via a simple hydrothermal technique.The electrochemical characteristics of porous carbon composites(NPC/rGO-x)andγ-MnS/NPC/rGO-1 electrodes were investigated by galvanostatic charge and discharge,cyclic voltammetry,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.NPC/rGO-1 showed the highest specific capacitance of 207 F/g at 0.5 A/g.Also,theγ-MnS/NPC/rGO-1 electrode demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance with a high specific capacitance of 300 F/g at 0.5 A/g and impressive cyclic stability of 70%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 1 A/g.As a result,this study demonstrates thatγ-MnS/NPC/rGO-1 electrode can be considered a promising candidate for high-performance supercapacitors.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Projects(Intergovernmental International Cooperation in Science and Technology Innovation Program,No.2018YFE0103400),China.
文摘In the process of printing and copying,the volatilization of toner produces tiny particles and harmful gases that are detrimental to the human body.Low-temperature printing and copying can reduce harmful gas emissions.Styrene acrylic resin is the main component of toner and the thermal conductivity of toner can be improved by increasing the thermal conductivity of styrene acrylic resin.In this paper,hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN),carboxyl modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs-COOH)and graphene hybrid fillers were added into styrene acrylic resin to improve the thermal conductivity of resin composite by forming a connected thermal conductivity network in resin.The experimental result shows that the thermal conductivity of the h-BN/styrene acrylic resin composite increases with the increase in h-BN filler content(0-20wt%).When 20.0 wt%h-BN is added into styrene acrylic resin,the thermal conductivity is increased by 83.63%.Hybrid fillers(MWCNTs-COOH/graphene and 3.0 wt%h-BN)were added in styrene acrylic resin and the thermal conductivity of the composite is almost the same or higher than that of 20.0 wt%h-BN/styrene acrylic resin composite.The thermal conductivity of styrene acrylic resin composites improved by 69.57%and 87.14%via adding 1.5wt%CNTs-3 wt%h-BN and 1.0wt%graphene-3 wt%h-BN.MWCNTs-COOH or graphene can bridge isolated h-BN aggregates to form a thermally conductive network in styrene acrylic resin,while the addition of graphene improves the thermal conductivity of resin composite higher than that of MWCNTs-COOH.
