In the economic new normal,production of hybrid rice seed in foreign countries is the necessity for reducing farmland area occupied by seed production,for ensuring national grain security,realizing cost reducing and q...In the economic new normal,production of hybrid rice seed in foreign countries is the necessity for reducing farmland area occupied by seed production,for ensuring national grain security,realizing cost reducing and quality improving of hybrid rice seed,strengthening competitive power at international market,guiding seed industry of China to go out,building transnational seed groups with core competitive power,establishing close relationship with developing countries,promoting the construction of One Belt One Road strategy,serving overall situation of diplomacy,and setting up excellent international image. It is feasible to produce hybrid seed in foreign countries considering( i) high overall national strength of China,( ii) rapid and healthy growth of China's seed industry and increasingly mature hybrid rice seed production technologies,( iii) excellent climatic conditions of foreign host countries of seed production,and( iv) low land and labor price of foreign host countries of seed production. However,there are social and policy risks,technology and trade barrier risks,market,production,and other risks for production of hybrid rice seed in foreign countries. In view of these,it came up with recommendations,including allowing delivering parent seeds of hybrid rice to foreign countries,allowing delivering hybrid rice seed to China,solving the problem of " opening in protection,and protection in opening",and formulating a package of support policies.展开更多
Despite immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)therapy has transformed cancer treatment,only 20.2%of these patients achieved a response.Understanding resistance mechanisms to ICB is important for the treatment of a wider popu...Despite immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)therapy has transformed cancer treatment,only 20.2%of these patients achieved a response.Understanding resistance mechanisms to ICB is important for the treatment of a wider population.In this work,we occasionally found that the silica nanoparticles(SiO_(2)NPs)accumulated in the liver can induce resistance to following ICB therapy to a subcutaneous tumor in mice.By analysis of T cells frequency,we uncovered that SiO_(2)NPs in the liver resulted in a siphoning of T cells from circulation to the liver by produced chemokines.In addition,liver immunosuppressive cells further inhibit the function and induce apoptosis of recruited T cells,leading to a systemic loss and reduced tumor infiltration of T cells,which contributes to poor responses to ICB therapy.However,such effect is not observed in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)NPs treated mice under the same conditions,likely due to their much lower immunogenicity in perturbing the liver immune microenvironment,indicating that cancer is not a local disease but an ecosystem that is linked to the distal environment.We further provide a new mechanism insight into ICB resistance induced by liver accumulation of nanoparticles.展开更多
Recently we found that multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) exposure alters the mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/autophagic genes, but the impact of biological molecules on this response is unclear. He...Recently we found that multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) exposure alters the mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/autophagic genes, but the impact of biological molecules on this response is unclear. Herein, we compared the different actions of carboxylated MWCNTs (c-MWCNTs) pre-incubated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or BSA-complexed free fatty acid (denoted as FFA) on macrophages derived from THP-1 monocytes (denoted as THP-1 macrophages). C-MWCNTs exhibited increased diameter and hydrodynamic size as well as decreased absolute zeta potential value after pre-incubation with BSA or FFA, which suggested a coating effect. Cytotoxicity or oxidative stress were not significantly induced after exposure to BSA-or FFA-coated c-MWCNTs. BSA-pre-incubated c-MWCNTs significantly enhanced the expression of the ER stress gene, DDIT3 and the autophagic genes, ATG5, BECN1, and PLIN2, but the mRNA levels of these genes was significantly decreased by FFA-pre-incubated c-MWCNTs. FFA-pre-incubated c-MWCNTs induced significantly higher lipid accumulation and interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein level compared with BSA-pre-incubated c-MWCNTs, which suggested that FFA-pre-incubated c-MWCNTs may more effectively induce the formation of macrophage foam cells. Collectively, our data indicated that pre-incubation with FFA may influence c-MWCNT-induced ER stress/autophagic gene expression and foam cell formation in THP-1 macrophages.展开更多
基金Supported by Project of Hubei Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center(2007-620-003-03-05)Open Fund Project of Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry(LXT-16-03)
文摘In the economic new normal,production of hybrid rice seed in foreign countries is the necessity for reducing farmland area occupied by seed production,for ensuring national grain security,realizing cost reducing and quality improving of hybrid rice seed,strengthening competitive power at international market,guiding seed industry of China to go out,building transnational seed groups with core competitive power,establishing close relationship with developing countries,promoting the construction of One Belt One Road strategy,serving overall situation of diplomacy,and setting up excellent international image. It is feasible to produce hybrid seed in foreign countries considering( i) high overall national strength of China,( ii) rapid and healthy growth of China's seed industry and increasingly mature hybrid rice seed production technologies,( iii) excellent climatic conditions of foreign host countries of seed production,and( iv) low land and labor price of foreign host countries of seed production. However,there are social and policy risks,technology and trade barrier risks,market,production,and other risks for production of hybrid rice seed in foreign countries. In view of these,it came up with recommendations,including allowing delivering parent seeds of hybrid rice to foreign countries,allowing delivering hybrid rice seed to China,solving the problem of " opening in protection,and protection in opening",and formulating a package of support policies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32022043)。
文摘Despite immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)therapy has transformed cancer treatment,only 20.2%of these patients achieved a response.Understanding resistance mechanisms to ICB is important for the treatment of a wider population.In this work,we occasionally found that the silica nanoparticles(SiO_(2)NPs)accumulated in the liver can induce resistance to following ICB therapy to a subcutaneous tumor in mice.By analysis of T cells frequency,we uncovered that SiO_(2)NPs in the liver resulted in a siphoning of T cells from circulation to the liver by produced chemokines.In addition,liver immunosuppressive cells further inhibit the function and induce apoptosis of recruited T cells,leading to a systemic loss and reduced tumor infiltration of T cells,which contributes to poor responses to ICB therapy.However,such effect is not observed in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)NPs treated mice under the same conditions,likely due to their much lower immunogenicity in perturbing the liver immune microenvironment,indicating that cancer is not a local disease but an ecosystem that is linked to the distal environment.We further provide a new mechanism insight into ICB resistance induced by liver accumulation of nanoparticles.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21707114)Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department (No. 17A205)
文摘Recently we found that multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) exposure alters the mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/autophagic genes, but the impact of biological molecules on this response is unclear. Herein, we compared the different actions of carboxylated MWCNTs (c-MWCNTs) pre-incubated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or BSA-complexed free fatty acid (denoted as FFA) on macrophages derived from THP-1 monocytes (denoted as THP-1 macrophages). C-MWCNTs exhibited increased diameter and hydrodynamic size as well as decreased absolute zeta potential value after pre-incubation with BSA or FFA, which suggested a coating effect. Cytotoxicity or oxidative stress were not significantly induced after exposure to BSA-or FFA-coated c-MWCNTs. BSA-pre-incubated c-MWCNTs significantly enhanced the expression of the ER stress gene, DDIT3 and the autophagic genes, ATG5, BECN1, and PLIN2, but the mRNA levels of these genes was significantly decreased by FFA-pre-incubated c-MWCNTs. FFA-pre-incubated c-MWCNTs induced significantly higher lipid accumulation and interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein level compared with BSA-pre-incubated c-MWCNTs, which suggested that FFA-pre-incubated c-MWCNTs may more effectively induce the formation of macrophage foam cells. Collectively, our data indicated that pre-incubation with FFA may influence c-MWCNT-induced ER stress/autophagic gene expression and foam cell formation in THP-1 macrophages.
