This study investigated the humoral immunization of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) against HgN2 avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) infection in chickens. The effects of APS treatment on H9N2 infection was evaluated...This study investigated the humoral immunization of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) against HgN2 avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) infection in chickens. The effects of APS treatment on H9N2 infection was evaluated by an Mqq- [3(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and analysis of MFIC and cytokine mRNA expression. The effect on lymphocyte and serum antibody titers in vivo was also investigated. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, LITAF, IL-12 and antibody titers to H9N2 AIV wet enhanced in the first week after APS treatment. The results indicated that APS treatment reduces H9N2 AIV replication and promotes early humoral immune responses in young chickens.This study investigated the humoral immunization of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) against HgN2 avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) infection in chickens. The effects of APS treatment on HgN2 infection was evaluated by an M]q- [3(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and analysis of MHC and cytokine mRNA expression. The effect on lymphocyte and serum antibody titers in vivo was also investigated. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, LITAF, IL-12 and antibody titers to PIgN2 AIV were enhanced in the first week after APS treatment. The results indicated that APS treatment reduces HgN2 AIV replication and promotes early humoral immune responses in young chickens.展开更多
Feed intake control is vital to ensuring optimal nutrition and achieving full potential for growth and development in poultry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of L-leucine, L-glutamate, L-t...Feed intake control is vital to ensuring optimal nutrition and achieving full potential for growth and development in poultry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of L-leucine, L-glutamate, L-tryptophan and L-arginine on feed intake and the mRNA expression levels of hypothalamic Neuropeptide involved in feed intake regulation in broiler chicks. Leucine, glutamate, tryptophan or arginine was intra-cerebroventricularly (ICV) administrated to 4d-old broiler chicks respectively and the feed intake were recorded at various time points. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of Neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti related protein (AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) and corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF). Our results showed that ICV administration of L-leucine (0.15 or 1.5 μmol) significantly (P〈0.05) increased feed intake up to 2 h post-administration period and elevated both hypothalamic NPY and AgRP mRNA expression levels. In contrast, ICV administration of L-glutamate (1.6 μmol) significantly (P 〈 0.05) decreased feed intake 0.25, 0.5 and 2 h post-injection, and increased hypothalamic CRF and MC4R mRNA expression levels. Meanwhile, both L-tryptophan (10 or 100 μg) and L-arginine (20 or 200 μg) had no significant effect on feed intake. These findings suggested that L-leucine and L-glutamate could act within the hypothalamus to influence food intake, and that both orexigenic and anorexigenic Neuropeptide genes might contribute directly to these effects.展开更多
Background:Fatty acid(FA) composition is the most important parameter affecting the flavor and nutritional value of the meat.The final and the only committed step in the biosynthesis of triglycerides is catalyzed b...Background:Fatty acid(FA) composition is the most important parameter affecting the flavor and nutritional value of the meat.The final and the only committed step in the biosynthesis of triglycerides is catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2(DGAT2).The role of DGAT2 in lipid accumulation has been demonstrated in adipocytes,However,little is known about the effect of DGAT2 on the FA composition of these cells.Methods:To investigate the role of DGAT2 in regulating lipid accumulation,FA composition and the expression of adipogenic genes,we cloned the open reading frame of the porcine DGAT2 gene and established 3T3-L1 cells that overexpressed DGAT2.Cells were then cultured in differentiation medium(DM) without FA,with a mixture of FAs(FA-DM),or containing a ^(13)C stable isotope-labeled FA mixture(IFA-DM).The FA composition of adipocytes was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry.Quantitative PCR and western blotting were employed to detect expression of adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes cultured with FA-DM for 12 d.Results:The triacylglyceride(TAG) content was significantly higher in 3T3-L1 adipocytes overexpressing DGAT2 than in control cells.When cultured in DM or FA-DM for 12 d,cells overexpressing DGAT2 showed a higher proportion of unsaturated FAs(C16:1 and C18:1).However,when cells overexpressing DGAT2 were cultured with FA-DM for30 min,the FA composition was almost identical to that of controls.Further,the proportion of stable isotope-labeled FAs were similar in 3T3-L1 adipocytes overexpressing DGAT2 and control cells cultured in IFA-DM for 12 d.These results collectively indicate that the higher proportion of mono-unsaturated FAs,C16:1 and C18:1,may originate from de novo FA synthesis but not from the uptake of specific FAs from the medium.This hypothesis is further supported by evidence that both mRNA and protein expression of genes involved in FA synthesis(ACACA,FASN,SCD1,and A-FABP)were significantly higher in cells overexpressing DGAT2 than in control cells.Conclusions:In conclusion,our study revealed that TAG accumulation,the proportion of MUFAs,and the expression of adipogenic genes were higher in 3T3-L1 cells overexpressing DGAT2 than in control cells.展开更多
This study was carried out to determine the immunization potential of astragalus polysaccharide(APS)against H9N2 avian influenza virus.The effect of APS on H9N2 in Chick embryo fibroblast(CEF)was determined using MTT ...This study was carried out to determine the immunization potential of astragalus polysaccharide(APS)against H9N2 avian influenza virus.The effect of APS on H9N2 in Chick embryo fibroblast(CEF)was determined using MTT assay.The expression of MHCⅠ,MHCⅡ,IFN-γ,IL-2,IL-4 and IL-10 were analyzed by real-time PCR in CEF.The results showed that viral inhibition rate was significantly high(P【0.05),especially at 1250μg/ml-39.163 ug/ml.The cytokine展开更多
Astragalus and Ginseng polysaccharides were used in this study for the improvement of influenza vaccine(H5N1)in chicken.Fifteen days old chickens were immunized with influenza vaccine alone(group 4)or combined with As...Astragalus and Ginseng polysaccharides were used in this study for the improvement of influenza vaccine(H5N1)in chicken.Fifteen days old chickens were immunized with influenza vaccine alone(group 4)or combined with Astragalus(groups 1-3)or combined with Ginseng(groups 4-6)polysaccharide(100,200,and 400 mg/kg).Serum Ig antibody levels(by HI-test)as well as effects展开更多
基金supported by funds provided by South China Agricultural University and Guangzhou work team project(No 2011A020102009)
文摘This study investigated the humoral immunization of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) against HgN2 avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) infection in chickens. The effects of APS treatment on H9N2 infection was evaluated by an Mqq- [3(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and analysis of MFIC and cytokine mRNA expression. The effect on lymphocyte and serum antibody titers in vivo was also investigated. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, LITAF, IL-12 and antibody titers to H9N2 AIV wet enhanced in the first week after APS treatment. The results indicated that APS treatment reduces H9N2 AIV replication and promotes early humoral immune responses in young chickens.This study investigated the humoral immunization of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) against HgN2 avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) infection in chickens. The effects of APS treatment on HgN2 infection was evaluated by an M]q- [3(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and analysis of MHC and cytokine mRNA expression. The effect on lymphocyte and serum antibody titers in vivo was also investigated. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, LITAF, IL-12 and antibody titers to PIgN2 AIV were enhanced in the first week after APS treatment. The results indicated that APS treatment reduces HgN2 AIV replication and promotes early humoral immune responses in young chickens.
基金supported by National Key Project(2009CB941601)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(u0731004)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(30871845,30901058 and 30972157)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(9451064201003790 and 9151064201000056)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201003011)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20094404120012)
文摘Feed intake control is vital to ensuring optimal nutrition and achieving full potential for growth and development in poultry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of L-leucine, L-glutamate, L-tryptophan and L-arginine on feed intake and the mRNA expression levels of hypothalamic Neuropeptide involved in feed intake regulation in broiler chicks. Leucine, glutamate, tryptophan or arginine was intra-cerebroventricularly (ICV) administrated to 4d-old broiler chicks respectively and the feed intake were recorded at various time points. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of Neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti related protein (AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) and corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF). Our results showed that ICV administration of L-leucine (0.15 or 1.5 μmol) significantly (P〈0.05) increased feed intake up to 2 h post-administration period and elevated both hypothalamic NPY and AgRP mRNA expression levels. In contrast, ICV administration of L-glutamate (1.6 μmol) significantly (P 〈 0.05) decreased feed intake 0.25, 0.5 and 2 h post-injection, and increased hypothalamic CRF and MC4R mRNA expression levels. Meanwhile, both L-tryptophan (10 or 100 μg) and L-arginine (20 or 200 μg) had no significant effect on feed intake. These findings suggested that L-leucine and L-glutamate could act within the hypothalamus to influence food intake, and that both orexigenic and anorexigenic Neuropeptide genes might contribute directly to these effects.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China-the 973 Program(2012CB1247012013CB127306)+2 种基金the Talent Project of guangdong collegesthe Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(S2012020011048)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education
文摘Background:Fatty acid(FA) composition is the most important parameter affecting the flavor and nutritional value of the meat.The final and the only committed step in the biosynthesis of triglycerides is catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2(DGAT2).The role of DGAT2 in lipid accumulation has been demonstrated in adipocytes,However,little is known about the effect of DGAT2 on the FA composition of these cells.Methods:To investigate the role of DGAT2 in regulating lipid accumulation,FA composition and the expression of adipogenic genes,we cloned the open reading frame of the porcine DGAT2 gene and established 3T3-L1 cells that overexpressed DGAT2.Cells were then cultured in differentiation medium(DM) without FA,with a mixture of FAs(FA-DM),or containing a ^(13)C stable isotope-labeled FA mixture(IFA-DM).The FA composition of adipocytes was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry.Quantitative PCR and western blotting were employed to detect expression of adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes cultured with FA-DM for 12 d.Results:The triacylglyceride(TAG) content was significantly higher in 3T3-L1 adipocytes overexpressing DGAT2 than in control cells.When cultured in DM or FA-DM for 12 d,cells overexpressing DGAT2 showed a higher proportion of unsaturated FAs(C16:1 and C18:1).However,when cells overexpressing DGAT2 were cultured with FA-DM for30 min,the FA composition was almost identical to that of controls.Further,the proportion of stable isotope-labeled FAs were similar in 3T3-L1 adipocytes overexpressing DGAT2 and control cells cultured in IFA-DM for 12 d.These results collectively indicate that the higher proportion of mono-unsaturated FAs,C16:1 and C18:1,may originate from de novo FA synthesis but not from the uptake of specific FAs from the medium.This hypothesis is further supported by evidence that both mRNA and protein expression of genes involved in FA synthesis(ACACA,FASN,SCD1,and A-FABP)were significantly higher in cells overexpressing DGAT2 than in control cells.Conclusions:In conclusion,our study revealed that TAG accumulation,the proportion of MUFAs,and the expression of adipogenic genes were higher in 3T3-L1 cells overexpressing DGAT2 than in control cells.
文摘This study was carried out to determine the immunization potential of astragalus polysaccharide(APS)against H9N2 avian influenza virus.The effect of APS on H9N2 in Chick embryo fibroblast(CEF)was determined using MTT assay.The expression of MHCⅠ,MHCⅡ,IFN-γ,IL-2,IL-4 and IL-10 were analyzed by real-time PCR in CEF.The results showed that viral inhibition rate was significantly high(P【0.05),especially at 1250μg/ml-39.163 ug/ml.The cytokine
文摘Astragalus and Ginseng polysaccharides were used in this study for the improvement of influenza vaccine(H5N1)in chicken.Fifteen days old chickens were immunized with influenza vaccine alone(group 4)or combined with Astragalus(groups 1-3)or combined with Ginseng(groups 4-6)polysaccharide(100,200,and 400 mg/kg).Serum Ig antibody levels(by HI-test)as well as effects