Alteration of ascending colon mucosal microbiota in patients after cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND Cholecystectomy is a successful treatment option for gallstones,although the inci-dence of colorectal cancer(CRC)has notably increased in post-cholecystectomy(PC)patients.However,it remains uncertain whether the altered mucosal micro-biota in the ascending colon is related.In total,30 PC patients and 28 healthy controls underwent colonoscopies to collect mucosal biopsy samples.PC patients were divided based on their clinical features.Then,16S-rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the amplicon,alpha diversity,beta diversity,and composition of the bacterial communities.Addi-tionally,the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States(PICRUSt)database,sourced from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,was used to predict the functional capabilities of the bac-teria.RESULTS PC patients were comparable with healthy controls.However,PC patients older than 60 years had a distinct composition compared to those under 60 years old.Bacteroidetes richness was considerably higher at the phylum level in PC patients.Bacteroides,Parabacteroides,and Bilophila were more abundant in the PC group than in the control group.Furthermore,PC patients exhibited greater enrichment in metabolic pathways,specifically those related to lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and vancomycin group antibiotic production,than controls.CONCLUSION This study indicated that the mucosal microbiota in PC patients was altered,perhaps offering new perspectives on the treatment possibilities for CRC and diarrhea following cholecystectomy.

Mucosal bacterial dysbiosis in patients with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the terminal ileum

BACKGROUND Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia(NLH)in the small intestine is a rare benign lesion characterized by multiple small nodules on the intestinal surface.Patients with terminal ileal NLH may experience long-term abdominal pain,diarrhea,and abdominal distension,among other symptoms.Supplementation with probiotics could mitigate these symptoms.NLH is linked to the immune system,and it may result from accumulation of plasma-cell precursors due to a maturational defect during the development of B lymphocytes.The intestinal microbiome plays an essential role in the immune system.Thus,we speculate that the gut flora plays a key role in terminal ileal NLH.AIM To explore the correlation between intestinal flora and terminal ileal NLH.METHODS We collected mucosal biopsy samples that were obtained via colonoscopy from 15 patients with terminal ileal NLH(the test group)and 15 normal subjects(the control group).We subsequently performed 16 S-r RNA gene amplicon sequencing of these samples,and the results were evaluated using alpha diversity,beta diversity and microbial composition analyses.The Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States was used to predict the metabolic pathways and orthologous groups according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the terminal ileal NLH group showed an increased alpha diversity(P<0.05).The overall intestinal microbiota in the NLH group was significantly different from that of the control group(P<0.05),implying that there was the dysbiosis in the terminal ileal NLH patients.The relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes was significantly lower in the NLH group,while that of Patescibacteria and Campilobacterota was significantly higher.The genus Bacteroides was the dominant gut microbiota in both groups,but its abundance was significantly lower in the test group than it was in the control group.Conversely,the relative abundances of Haemophilus,Streptococcus,Pseudomonas,Actinomyces,TM7 X,Fusobacterium nucleatum,Parvimonas,Granulicatella,Helicobacter,and the[Eubacterium]nodatum group were significantly higher in the test group than they were in the control group.In addition,several altered metabolic pathways,orthologous groups,and modules were found.For example,the Peptidoglycan biosynthesis and Aminoacyl t RNA biosynthesis were both increased in the test group.CONCLUSION Maintaining the microbial balance and supplementing targeted protective bacteria could improve symptoms and potentially reduce the risk of lymphoma transformation in patients with terminal ileal NLH.

Detection value of Th17 related indexes and platelet activation indexes in patients with liver cancer

Objective:To study the detection value of Th17 related indexes and platelet activation indexes in the patients with liver cancer.Methods: A total of 59 patients with liver cancer in our hospital from July 2015 to June 2016 were selected as the observation group, 59 healthy persons of the same ages with physical examination were selected as the control group, then the serum Th17 related indexes and platelet activation indexes levels of two groups were detected and compared, then the serum Th17 related indexes and platelet activation indexes levels of observation group with different stages and types of liver cancer were compared too. Results:The serum Th17 related indexes and platelet activation indexes levels of observation group were all higher than those of control group, the serum Th17 related indexes and platelet activation indexes levels of observation group with different stages and types of liver cancer had obvious differences (allP<0.05).Conclusions: The Th17 related indexes and platelet activation indexes of patients with liver cancer show higher expression state, and the expression levels of patients with different stages and types of liver cancer have obvious differences too, so the clinical detection value of those indexes in the patients with liver cancer are higher.

CircHECTD1 up-regulates mucin 1 expression to accelerate hepatocellular carcinoma development by targeting microRNA-485-5p via a competing endogenous RNA mechanism

Background::Non-coding RNAs have attracted considerable attention for their vital role in cancer.The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of non-coding RNAs on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and reveal their regulatory mechanism in the pathophysiological process.Methods::We measured the expression of mucin 1(MUC1)and miR-485-5p in tissues from 15 HCC patients and in liver cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot,screened for aberrantly expressed microRNAs(miRNAs)by miRNA microarrays.Bioinformatics tools were used to find the miRNA and circular RNA that regulated MUC1,which were validated by RNA immunoprecipitation assay and luciferase reporter assay.Cell counting kit-8,Transwell assays,and flow cytometry were used to conduct functional experiments.Proteins were examined by western blot and immunohistochemical staining assays.Significant differences between groups were estimated using the one-way analysis of variance.A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results::MUC1 was overexpressed in HCC tissues compared with that in paratumor tissues(normal vs.tumor,1.007±0.215 vs.75.213±18.403,t=18.401,P<0.001)while miR-485-5p was down-regulated(normal vs.tumor,4.894±0.684 vs.1.586±0.398,t=16.191,P<0.001).Inhibition of miR-485-5p promoted cell proliferation(73.33%±5.13%vs.41.33%±3.51%,t=8.913,P<0.001),migration(102±8 cells vs.46±8 cells,t=8.681,P<0.001),invasion(59±7 cells vs.28±2 cells,t=8.034,P<0.01),and suppressed apoptosis(22.64%±6.97%vs.36.33%±3.96%,t=2.958,P<0.05)of HepG2 cells with which MUC1 is knocked down.Mechanically,miR-485-5p binds to MUC1,while circHECTD1 binds to miR-485-5p,resulting in the indirect up-regulation of the MUC1 level.Conclusions::Our findings reveal that circHECTD1 facilitates HCC progression by sponging miR-485-5p to up-regulate MUC1.