Fabrication of UV-Curing Linalool-Polysiloxane Hybrid Films with High Refractive Index and Transparency

In this article,a series of high refractive indices(1.50-1.53)thiol phenyl polysiloxane(TPS)were synthesized via hydrolytic sol-gel reaction.The Fourier transform infrared spectra(FT-IR)and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra(NMR)results showed that TPS conformed to the predicted structures.Natural terpene linalool was exploited as photocrosslinker to fabricate UV-curing linalool-polysiloxane hybrid films(LPH)with TPS via photoinitiated thiol-ene reaction.LPH rapidly cured under UV irradiation at the intensity of 80 mW/cm2 in 30 s,exhibiting good UV-curing properties.The optical transmittance of LPH in the wavelength of 300-800 nm was over 90%,exhibiting good optical transparency.The water contact angle and water vapor permeability results showed that the introduction of phenyl groups enhance the hydrophobicity and water vapor barrier properties of LPH.The results indicated the potential of LPHs in the applications of optical functional coatings.

Study on Sustained-Release Pesticides Blended with Fosthiazate-Stearic Acid/Expanded Perlite

The low utilization rate of pesticides makes the migration of pesticides in water and soil,which brings great harm to the ecosystem.The development of pesticide carriers with good drug loading capacity and release control abil-ity is an effective method to realize effective utilization of pesticides and reduce pesticide losses.In this work,fosthiazate-stearic acid/expanded perlite sustained-release particles were successfully prepared by vacuum impregnation using expanded perlite(EP)as carrier,fosthiazate(FOS)as model pesticide and stearic acid(SA)as hydrophobic matrix.The structure and morphology of the samples were studied by BET,FT-IR,TGA,XRD,DSC and SEM.The effects of different mass ratios of FOS to SA on loading capacity and release rate at 24 h were investigated.The sustained release behavior of FOS-SA/EP at different temperatures and pH values was investigated by static dialysis bag method.The results showed that FOS and SA were adsorbed in EP pores by physical interaction.With the mass ratios of FOS to SA decreasing from 7:3 to 3:7,the 24 h release rate of FOS-SA/EP decreased from 18.77%to 8.05%,and the drug loading decreased from 461.32 to 130.99 mg/g.FOS-SA/EP showed obvious temperature response at 25℃,30℃ and 35℃,the cumulative release rate(CRR)of 200 h were 33.38%,41.50%and 51.17%,respectively.When pH=5,the CRR of FOS was higher than that of pH=7,and the CRR of FOS for 200 h were 49.01%and 30.12%,respectively.At different temperatures and pH=5,the release mechanism of FOS-SA/EP belongs to the Fickian diffusion mechanism;When pH=7,the diffusion mechanism is dominant,and the dissolution mechanism is complementary.

Plasticizing Effect of Camellia oleifera Seed-Oil-Based Plasticizer on PVC Material Modification

In this study,as the plasticizer,Camellia oleifera seed-oil-based cyclohexyl ester(COSOCE)was prepared by the reaction of cyclohexene oxide and refined C.oleifera seed oil(RCOSO)obtained by acidification hydrolysis after saponification.In addition,the structure of the target product was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,and Raman spectroscopy.COSOCE was used as plasticizer-modified polyvinyl chloride(PVC)membranes.The structure of the COSOCE-modified PVC membranes were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The properties of the COSOCE-modified PVC membrane were characterized by contact angle measurements,universal testing machine,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The results revealed that(1)The COSOCE-modified PVC membranes exhibit a good microscopic morphology.Combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)and contact angle measurement results,the COSOCE-modified PVC membranes are confirmed to be a hydrophilic material.(2)The modified PVC membrane with 60%COSOCE exhibited the best mechanical properties.The tensile strength reached 23.56±2.94 MPa.(3)COSOCE-modified PVC material exhibited better thermal stability,with a loss rate of less than 75%at the end of the first decomposition stage.Compared with that of the dioctyl-phthalate(DOP)-modified PVC membrane,the initial decomposition temperature of PVC was increased by 1.17°C–8.17°C,and the residual rate was increased by 0.67%–5.75%.The carbon–carbon double bond in the COSOCE molecular structure can remove the free radicals generated during the degradation of PVC material and slow down the decomposition rate of PVC.In addition,the double bond can be cross-linked partially with the PVC molecular chain containing the conjugated polyene structure,thereby increasing the movement resistance of the PVC molecular chain segment.Hence,COSOCE can replace DOP as a PVC plasticizer.

Renewable Biomass as a Platform for Preparing Green Chemistry

1 About the Special Issue Editor Qiaoguang Li is an associate professor and master’s supervisor in the Department of College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering.He received his PhD from Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products,Chinese Academy of Forestry in 2018.He has been focusing his research on the chemical basis and application of natural resources.He has published nearly 30 international peer reviewed papers and applied for 10 patents.

In Vitro Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Activities of Extracts from Different Parts of 7 Zingiberaceae Plants

This study aimed to explore the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities of extracts from different parts of plants in the Zingiberaceae family.The inhibitory rate,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of leaf and stem,and root and rhizome extracts from Alpinia katsumadai Hayata,Alpinia oxyphylla Miq×Alpinia henryi K.Schumann,Alpinia oblongifolia Hayata,Alpinia nigra(Gaertn.)Burtt,Amomum villosum Lour,Alpinia zerumbet(Pers.)Burtt.et Smith and Alpinia oxyphylla Miq were determined using the fungus cake method and double dilution method.The seven Zingiberaceae plants exhibited characteristic antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria and fungi.At a 1.5 mg mL^(−1),A.zerumbet root and rhizome extracts exhibited strong inhibitory activity against S.aureus and E.coli,with 83.23%and 79.62%,respectively.In addition,A.zerumbet leaf and stem extracts had an inhibitory rate of 90.85%against P.aeruginosa.At the same concentration,the leaf and stem,root and rhizome extracts of A.katsumadai had the best anti-bacterial effect against F.oxysporum,with inhibition rates of 84.46%and 84.73%,respectively.Moreover,A.katsumadai and A.zerumbet leaf and stem extracts had the most significant antibacterial effect against S.aureus,with a MIC of 0.063 mg mL^(−1).Thus,both A.katsumadai and A.zerumbet extracts had significant antibacterial activity.In addition,by comparing the inhibitory effect of extracts from different parts,it was found that the inhibitory rate and average inhibitory rate of extracts from leaf and stem were higher than those from root and rhizome.The chemical constituents of A.katsumadai and A.zerumbet,determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS),revealed that citric acid(CA),alpinetin,and pinocembrin(PNCB)were the functional constituents yielding the antibacterial activity.Overall,A.katsumadai and A.zerumbet have the potential to be developed as new plant fungicides and bactericides.

Preparation of Iron-Pillared Bentonite/Oyster Shell Composite and Phosphate Adsorption in Water

Iron-pillared bentonite(FB)was prepared by Fe(III)modified bentonite,and then the composites(FB-OS)were prepared by iron-pillared bentonite and oyster shell powder.The composites were characterized by FTIR,SEM,TGA,and EDS,and the phosphorus removal test was carried out.The results showed that FB-OS contained a large amount of CaO.Its structure was compact,but there were gaps in it.The maximum bending stress and compressive strength were 43.7 N and 0.927 MPa,respectively.The phosphorus removal test showed that the phosphorus removal rate of FB-OS was more than 90%,and measured the maximum adsorption capacity was 48.31 mg/g.A large amount of spherical products were produced on the surface and inside of FB-OS after phos-phorus removal,it was speculated that spherical products were amorphous calcium phosphate in the paper.Ana-lysis indicated that there was chemical adsorption during phosphorus removal.The kinetic equation of phosphorus adsorption by FB-OS was qt=10:193t/1+2:574t (R^(2)=0.995).The adsorption rate was mainly controlled by outerfilm diffusion and intraparticle diffusion.

Preparation and Characterization of Potassium Monopersulfate/Ethyl Cellulose Microcapsules and Their Sustained Release Performance

Environmental cleaning is an important aspect of bacteria control.Ethyl cellulose microcapsules containing potassium monopersulfate(PMCM)were prepared by emulsified solvent diffusion method.The chemical structure and microstructure of the obtained PMCM was characterized by methods of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and X-ACT energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.The SEM micrographs of the PMCM containing 21.6%of C,46.8%of O,10.7%of S and 19.4%of K was relatively smooth.Thermal stability,sustained release performance,and antimicrobial activity of PMCM were investigated.The results showed that the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of PMCM were 30.3%and 42.6%respectively.Potassium monopersulfate was fully released after 8 h,following a Fickian diffusion mechanism.Results showed that the microcapsules prepared with a high concentration of potassium monopersulfate solution showed a good antimicrobial effect.The microcapsule wall of the resulting PMCM increased with increasing ethyl cellulose content and had high thermal stability from the data of 69%residue rate.The excellent thermal stability and high sustained release performance of PMCM showed high application value.

Synthesis and Kinetics of Hydrogenated Rosin Dodecyl Ester as an Environmentally Friendly Plasticizer

The plasticizer is an important polymer material additive.Non-toxic and environmentally friendly plasticizers are developed recently in order to decrease fossil fuel reserves,serious environmental pollution and the toxicity of phthalate esters.In this study,a new,efficient and environmentally friendly plasticizer of hydrogenated rosin dodecyl ester was prepared by an esterification reaction of hydrogenated rosin and dodecanol.The influences of different reaction conditions(including different catalysts,the catalyst concentration,the ratio of the reactants,reaction temperature,and reaction time)on the esterification yield are examined and discussed.Hydrogenated rosin dodecyl ester with 71.8%yield was synthesized under the optimized reaction conditions(1:0.8 molar ratio of rosin to dodecanol,1 mol%tetrabutyl titanate concentration,and 210℃for 6 h).The esterification reaction is a second-order reaction,and kinetic calculations showed that the activation energy is 39.77 KJ·mol^(−1).The structure of the hydrogenated rosin dodecyl ester was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy and^(13)C NMR spectrum.Besides,the thermal stability of target product(hydrogenated rosin dodecyl ester)was also tested by thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA),which showed a good thermal stability.

Recent Development of Cardanol Based Polymer Materials-A Review

Polymers from renewable resources are receiving tremendous attention due to the increasing concerns on the depletion of fossil oils and deteriorated environments.Cardanol,as an abundant and renewable chemical raw material,has been widely used for the production of renewable polymer materials via converting into various of chemical monomers with active functional groups.This comprehensive review deals with various aspects of cardanol as a starting material the preparing various polymer and polymer composites such as benzoxazine resins,phenolic resin,polyurethanes,epoxy resin,vinyl ester polymers,polyamide and cyanate ester resins.The assessment of the future prospects for the use of cardanol to synthesise novel and valuable renewable materials is presented.

Synthesis and Characterization of Phenyl Camellia oleifera Seed Oil Ester Plasticizing PVC

Plasticizers are essential additives in the processing of polyvinyl chloride(PVC),with phthalate plasticizers being widely used.However,these conventional plasticizers have been shown to be harmful to human health and environmentally unfriendly,necessitating the exploration of eco-friendly bio-based alternatives.In this study,Camellia oleifera seed oil,a specialty resource in China,was utilized as a raw material and reacted with 4,4′-Methylenebis(N,N-diglycidylaniline)(AG-80)to synthesize Phenyl Camellia seed Oil Ester(PCSOE).PCSOE was employed as a plasticizer to prepare modified PVC films with varying concentrations,with the conventional plasticizer dioctyl phthalate(DOP)serving as a control.Experimental results demonstrate that PSCOE-plasticized PVC films exhibit enhanced hydrophilicity,tensile strength,and thermal stability compared to DOP-modified PVC films.The contact angle of PSCOE-plasticized PVC films ranges from 66.26°to 78.48°,which is generally lower than the contact angle of DOP-modified PVC films at 78.40°,indicating improved hydrophilicity due to the modification with PCSOE.The tensile strength of PSCOE-plasticized PVC films ranges from 17.73 to 20.17 MPa,all surpassing the value of 16.41 MPa for DOP-modified PVC films.Moreover,the temperatures corresponding to 5%,10%,and 50%weight loss for PVC samples modified with PCSOE are higher than those for DOP.Hence,PCSOE presents a viable alternative to DOP as a plasticizer for PVC materials.