以A2型短指(趾)症为案例的医学遗传学PBL教学设计

医学遗传学是生物医学中的前沿学科,也是临床基因诊断和基因治疗的核心内容。在医学人才培养中,医学遗传学扮演着衔接基础医学与临床医学的重要角色。近年来,基于问题的学习(problem-based learning,PBL)作为培养医学生自主学习能力的重要方法,在医学教育中得到了广泛的应用。本文设计并分享了以A2型短指(趾)症(brachydactyly type A2,BDA2)研究为核心的PBL教学案例,以期引导学生自主学习,以能力培养代替知识传授,培养学生独立分析和解决问题的能力以及创新性思维的卓越学风,为健康中国建设输送更多具有国际竞争力的高素质医学人才。

Perspective on oil flax yield and dry biomass with reduced nitrogen supply

Field experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design to determine effects of nitrogen(N)application levels(J0:150 kg/hm^2,J1:120 kg/hm^2,J2:90 kg/hm^2,J3:60 kg/hm^2)on regulating dry biomass accumulation,allocation and translocation,and grain yield of oil flax during 2018 cropping season.Significant promotion was observed in dry matter during accumulation stage of oil flax,when N rate was reduced by 40%(from 150 to 90 kg/hm^2).Under J2 treatment,translocation of dry matter from vegetative organs to pod increased by 38.46%and 61.54%respectively,when compared with J1 and J0 treatment Dry matter distribution proportion of pod at maturity increased 4.47%-7.61%,contribution rate of leaf to grain upgraded 5.09%-8.77%,and number of effective pods and grains per pod increased by 27.16%-45.38%and 6.49%-26.59%respectively compared to other treatments.As a result,seed yield of oil flax under J2 treatment was 2.23%-18.21%higher than those of other treatments.Our study recommended 90 kg/hm^2 as the best N fertilizer level to improve seed yield of oil flax.

Transcriptomic basis of neutrophil ratio variation induced by poly I:C stimulation in porcine peripheral blood

Neutrophils are vital components of defense mechanisms against invading pathogens and are closely linked with the individual antiviral capacity of pigs and other mammals. Neutrophilia is a well-known clinical characteristic of viral and bacterial infections. Using Affymetrix porcine genome microarrays, we investigated the gene expression profiles associated with neutrophil variation in porcine peripheral blood before and after polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid stimulation. Transcriptomic analysis showed 796 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) in extreme response(ER) pigs and 192 DEGs in moderate response(MR) pigs. Most DEGs were related to immune responses, included MXD1, CXCR4,CREG1, My D88, CD14, TLR2, TLR4, IRF3 and IRF7.Gene ontology analysis indicated that the DEGs of both ER and MR pigs were involved in common biological processes, such as cell proliferation, growth regulation,immune response, inflammatory response and cell activation. The ER and MR groups also showed differences in DEGs involved in biological processes. DEGs involved in cell division and cell cycle were specifically found in the ER pigs, whereas DEGs involved in cell migration were specifically found in the MR pigs. The study provides a basic understanding of the molecular basis for the antiviral capacity of pigs and other mammals.