Nucleation Thermodynamics inside Micro/nanocavity

A thermodynamic approach at the nanometer scale was performed for the heterogeneous nucleation inside nanocavity, and an analytical expression of the critical energy of nucleation was evaluated considering a rough ball nucleus nucleating inside nanocavity. Compared with the case of the nucleation locating on planar or convex substrate, the critical energy of nucleation inside the concave substrate is the smallest. Based on the thermodynamic and kinetic analyses, at low supersaturation, the smaller the curvature radius of cavity and/or the smaller the contact angle, the smaller the critical energy of nucleation, and the larger the nucleation rate. At high supersaturation, the nucleation rate increases with increasing the contact angle and/or increasing the curvature radius of cavity. In this way, at the low supersaturation, the heterogeneous nucleation rate is larger than the homogeneous one, as the nucleation rate is mainly determined by the heterogeneous nucleation. At the high supersaturation, the heterogeneous nucleation rate is smaller than the homogeneous one, as the nucleation rate is mainly determined by the homogeneous nucleation.

Novel strategy for space group determination in real space

Traditional space group determination methods are all in reciprocal space,which involves ambiguous identification on some space groups which have glide plane and screw axes.The novel strategy herein for space group determination in real space is based on the atom resolution high angle annular dark field(HAADF)technology.Three HAADF images in three specific crystal zone axes are needed at most.The proposed strategy for space group determination is easy and effective.

Comparison of Two Simulation Methods in Electron Crystallography： BW Method and a Modified Direct Product Method of Scattering Matrix

In this paper, a modified direct product method of scattering matrix （DPSM） was presented and the cal- culation formulawas derived as follows： φ（z）=∑n1/n!（Mz）nφ（O）and φ（z＋εj）=∑n1/n!（Mεj）nφ（z）,whereM is the scattering matrix of which the dimension can be reduced by ＇Bethe potential method＇ drastically and therefore the calculation speed can be increased tremendously without losing accuracy very much. The results calculated with the DPSM method are in almost exact agreement with those calculated with BW method. However, the calculation speed for the modified DPSM method is approximately three times faster than that for the BW method. Furthermore, the DPSM is suitable for computing all types of ma- trices without requiring symmetry or conjugate symmetry.

Relationship between Microstructure Evolution and the Luminescent Properties of Eu^(3+)-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet and Y_2O_3 Nano-powders

Eu3＋-doped yttrium aluminum garnet （YAG） and Y2O3 composite phase nanoparticles were synthesized using a modified hydrothermal method. Sintering was performed at 800 ℃, which is considerably lower than the sintering temperature used in the conventional method, y3＋ in YAG and Y2O3 was partially substituted with Na＋ by adding NaNO3 into the solution during sample synthesis. The microstructures and phase transformation process were characterized through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The obtained results verified that the addition of Na＋ promoted crystallinity and grain growth of the three phases, namely, Y2O3, Y4Al2O9, and Y3Al5O12. Highly efficient luminescence properties excited by 254 and 365 nm ultraviolet were achieved. In conclusion, the remarkable enhancement of the luminescence intensity with the addition of Na＋ should be attributed to grain growth and improvement of crystallinity.

Early weaning of yellowtail amberjack Seriola lalandi dorsalis (Gill 1863) larvae

Objective: To understand the effect of weaning time on the rearing performance of yellowtail amberjack Seriola lalandi dorsalis in the experimental condition. Methods: The same weaning protocol started on four different days of post hatching (DPH), including 12 DPH (W12), 15 DPH (W15), 18 DPH (W18), and 21 DPH (W21), respectively. Growth, survival, and jaw malformation were used as the assessment criteria to evaluate the impact of weaning time on the performance of yellowtail amberjack larvae. Results: The highest specific growth rate was observed in W21 treatment, and the lowest specific growth rate was found in W12 treatment. The highest survival was achieved in W21 treatment, and the lowest survival was recorded in W12 treatment. With postponing the weaning started time, jaw malformation rate significantly reduced. At the end of this study, the highest malformation rate was observed in W12 treatment, and the malformation rate was not significantly different in W15, W18, and W21 treatment. Conclusions: Base on the results obtained in this study, we suggest that weaning of yellowtail amberjack larvae should be started from 15 DPH.