Andrographis paniculata(A.paniculata)is a Chinese herbal medicine that clears away heat,reduces inflammation,protects the liver,and promotes choleretics.The WRKYs of A.paniculata are still not well characterized,altho...Andrographis paniculata(A.paniculata)is a Chinese herbal medicine that clears away heat,reduces inflammation,protects the liver,and promotes choleretics.The WRKYs of A.paniculata are still not well characterized,although many WRKYs have been identified in various plant species.In the present study,59 A.paniculata WRKY(ApWRKY)genes were identified and renamed on the basis of their respective chromosome distribution.These ApWRKYs were divided into three groups via phylogenetic analysis according to their WRKY domains and combined with WRKY of Arabidopsis.The 59 identified ApWRKY transcription factors were nonuniformity distributed on 23 chromosomes of A.paniculata.From the structural analysis of the conserved motifs,different ApWRKYs structures showed different biological functions,and the ApWRKY transcription factor had certain species-specificity in the evolutionary process.The expression patterns of the 41 ApWRKYs were examined through quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)in various tissues and under abiotic stresses(salt).The results showed that most of the ApWRKY had different reactions to salt treatment.In addition,the content of the four main secondary metabolites in A.paniculata leaves was determined under salt stress.The results show that under a low concentration of salt treatment,the synthesis of andrographolide can be improved.展开更多
Steering wheel is the most frequently used manual device in tractors,whose position directly affects the handling comfort of the driver and fatigue degree of the arm muscles.In this study,the biomechanical modelling s...Steering wheel is the most frequently used manual device in tractors,whose position directly affects the handling comfort of the driver and fatigue degree of the arm muscles.In this study,the biomechanical modelling software AnyBody was used for an inverse kinetics analysis of the rotation process of tractor steering wheel,calculate the muscle activation degree of the driver’s arm and compare it with the calculated results of surface EMG tests to verify the reliability of the biomechanical model.Based on the biomechanical model,the effects of three position parameters(steering wheel inclination,front-back distance,and upper-lower height)on the activation degree of the driver’s arm muscles were evaluated.The results demonstrated that steering wheel inclination has the most significant effect on the degree of muscle activation,followed by the upper-lower height and then front-back distance.Considering the interaction among factors,a regression orthogonal test was designed,and the test results revealed that the minimum muscle activation(1.2887)can be obtained with the steering wheel inclination of 31°,front-back distance of 431 mm and upper-lower height of 375 mm.The findings can provide a reference for optimizing the structure and position parameters of tractor steering wheels.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to investigate total mercury (THg) distribution and its bioaccumulation up the soil-plant-grasshopperspider in the Huludao City, which is polluted seriously by chlor-alkali and zinc smel...The purpose of this study is to investigate total mercury (THg) distribution and its bioaccumulation up the soil-plant-grasshopperspider in the Huludao City, which is polluted seriously by chlor-alkali and zinc smelting industry in Northeast of China. Results indicated that average THg concentrations in soil, plant leaves, grasshopper Locusta migratoria manilensis and Acrida chinensis, and spider were 0.151, 0.119, 0.167 and 0.134 mg/kg, respectively. THg spatial distribution suggested that most of mercury came from the chlor-alkali plant and the two zinc smelteries. The highest mercury concentration was found in the wings among different grasshoppers’ organs. Although spiders are the predatory, THg concentrations in their bodies were not high, and only on the same level as in grasshoppers, which might be due to spiders’ special living habits. In the light of the mercury transportation at every stage of the soil-plant-grasshopper-spider food chain, the bioaccumulation factors were 0.03, 0.79–1.11 and 0.80–1.13 respectively. It suggested that mercury biomagnification up terrestrial food chains was not so large and obvious as it was in the aquatic food chain.展开更多
The aim of this study is to evaluate the comfort and optimize the position parameters of steering wheel.Taking the H point of driver as the reference point,three position parameters of steering wheel were determined,w...The aim of this study is to evaluate the comfort and optimize the position parameters of steering wheel.Taking the H point of driver as the reference point,three position parameters of steering wheel were determined,which were used as experimental factors.A comprehensive evaluation index system of the comfort was established.The comfort range and optimal levels of three parameters were determined by a single factor test,based on which a response surface optimization and validation test was carried out.The optimization and validation test results show that the expected comprehensive score of the comfort is 0.864,and the average relative error between the predicted and the measured value is 4.18%,indicating that the optimization results are reliable.The findings can provide reference for the comfort optimization design of steering wheel in agricultural devices.展开更多
The newly developed next-generation sequencing platforms, in combination with gcnome-scale amplification methods, provide a powerful tool to study genomics from a single cell. This mini-review summarizes the technolog...The newly developed next-generation sequencing platforms, in combination with gcnome-scale amplification methods, provide a powerful tool to study genomics from a single cell. This mini-review summarizes the technologies of single cell genomics and their applications in several areas of biomedical research including stem cells, cancer biology and reproductive medicine. Particularly, it highlights recent advances in single cell exome sequencing, RNA-seq, and genome sequencing. The application of these powerful techniques will shed new light on the fundamental principles of gene transcription and genome organization at single-cell level and improve our understanding of cellular heterogeneity and diversity in multicellular organisms展开更多
基金supported by the pilot project of Zhejiang Province’s major agricultural technology collaborative promotion plan of China(Grant No.2018XTTGYC03)Zhejiang Province’s Basic Public Welfare Research Project of China(Grant No.LGN19H280004).
文摘Andrographis paniculata(A.paniculata)is a Chinese herbal medicine that clears away heat,reduces inflammation,protects the liver,and promotes choleretics.The WRKYs of A.paniculata are still not well characterized,although many WRKYs have been identified in various plant species.In the present study,59 A.paniculata WRKY(ApWRKY)genes were identified and renamed on the basis of their respective chromosome distribution.These ApWRKYs were divided into three groups via phylogenetic analysis according to their WRKY domains and combined with WRKY of Arabidopsis.The 59 identified ApWRKY transcription factors were nonuniformity distributed on 23 chromosomes of A.paniculata.From the structural analysis of the conserved motifs,different ApWRKYs structures showed different biological functions,and the ApWRKY transcription factor had certain species-specificity in the evolutionary process.The expression patterns of the 41 ApWRKYs were examined through quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)in various tissues and under abiotic stresses(salt).The results showed that most of the ApWRKY had different reactions to salt treatment.In addition,the content of the four main secondary metabolites in A.paniculata leaves was determined under salt stress.The results show that under a low concentration of salt treatment,the synthesis of andrographolide can be improved.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51875230,52175232).
文摘Steering wheel is the most frequently used manual device in tractors,whose position directly affects the handling comfort of the driver and fatigue degree of the arm muscles.In this study,the biomechanical modelling software AnyBody was used for an inverse kinetics analysis of the rotation process of tractor steering wheel,calculate the muscle activation degree of the driver’s arm and compare it with the calculated results of surface EMG tests to verify the reliability of the biomechanical model.Based on the biomechanical model,the effects of three position parameters(steering wheel inclination,front-back distance,and upper-lower height)on the activation degree of the driver’s arm muscles were evaluated.The results demonstrated that steering wheel inclination has the most significant effect on the degree of muscle activation,followed by the upper-lower height and then front-back distance.Considering the interaction among factors,a regression orthogonal test was designed,and the test results revealed that the minimum muscle activation(1.2887)can be obtained with the steering wheel inclination of 31°,front-back distance of 431 mm and upper-lower height of 375 mm.The findings can provide a reference for optimizing the structure and position parameters of tractor steering wheels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 40830535, 40803021)
文摘The purpose of this study is to investigate total mercury (THg) distribution and its bioaccumulation up the soil-plant-grasshopperspider in the Huludao City, which is polluted seriously by chlor-alkali and zinc smelting industry in Northeast of China. Results indicated that average THg concentrations in soil, plant leaves, grasshopper Locusta migratoria manilensis and Acrida chinensis, and spider were 0.151, 0.119, 0.167 and 0.134 mg/kg, respectively. THg spatial distribution suggested that most of mercury came from the chlor-alkali plant and the two zinc smelteries. The highest mercury concentration was found in the wings among different grasshoppers’ organs. Although spiders are the predatory, THg concentrations in their bodies were not high, and only on the same level as in grasshoppers, which might be due to spiders’ special living habits. In the light of the mercury transportation at every stage of the soil-plant-grasshopper-spider food chain, the bioaccumulation factors were 0.03, 0.79–1.11 and 0.80–1.13 respectively. It suggested that mercury biomagnification up terrestrial food chains was not so large and obvious as it was in the aquatic food chain.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51875230)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662018PY038)the Program for the Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Team in the Higher Education Institutions of Hubei(T201934).
文摘The aim of this study is to evaluate the comfort and optimize the position parameters of steering wheel.Taking the H point of driver as the reference point,three position parameters of steering wheel were determined,which were used as experimental factors.A comprehensive evaluation index system of the comfort was established.The comfort range and optimal levels of three parameters were determined by a single factor test,based on which a response surface optimization and validation test was carried out.The optimization and validation test results show that the expected comprehensive score of the comfort is 0.864,and the average relative error between the predicted and the measured value is 4.18%,indicating that the optimization results are reliable.The findings can provide reference for the comfort optimization design of steering wheel in agricultural devices.
基金This work was supported by "973" Programs (Nos. 2012CB966300, 2011CB966204 and 2011CB965102) from the Ministry of Science and Technology in China, the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (No. 2011DFB30010), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81271258, 31301184), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. DK2011321).
文摘The newly developed next-generation sequencing platforms, in combination with gcnome-scale amplification methods, provide a powerful tool to study genomics from a single cell. This mini-review summarizes the technologies of single cell genomics and their applications in several areas of biomedical research including stem cells, cancer biology and reproductive medicine. Particularly, it highlights recent advances in single cell exome sequencing, RNA-seq, and genome sequencing. The application of these powerful techniques will shed new light on the fundamental principles of gene transcription and genome organization at single-cell level and improve our understanding of cellular heterogeneity and diversity in multicellular organisms