三生空间视角下基于最小阻力模型的农村居民点布局优化——以吉林省辉南县为例

为了科学划分农村居民点类型,对不同类型农村居民点提出相应的整治措施,本研究以吉林省辉南县为例,构建生产-生活-生态空间评价指标体系,采用最小阻力模型和K-均值聚类分析划分村庄组团类型,依据改进的空间引力模型和加权Voronoi图结果,进一步在村庄组团内部划分出不同的农村居民点类型。结果表明,研究区域“三生”空间综合阻力值分布差异性特征显著,总体呈东高西低趋势,按照综合阻力值大小分为最小、较小、中度、较大、最大5个阻力区。基于综合阻力分区结果与聚类结果划分出4种村庄组团类型:集聚提升类村庄47个,总面积为1.243×10^(7)m^(2);城郊融合类村庄35个,总面积为7.169×10^(6)m^(2);特色保护类村庄41个,总面积为1.252×10^(7)m^(2);稳定改善类村庄18个,总面积为4.201×10^(6)m^(2)。根据村庄组团内部相对引力值关系和每个农村居民点实际的功能辐射范围,进一步在村庄组团内部划分出重点建设型、一般建设型、迁移合并型3种农村居民点类型,并在此基础上对农村居民点布局优化提出相应的整治策略。研究表明,生产-生活-生态空间评价指标体系可以较好地反映外界因素组合对辉南县农村居民点布局的影响,基于最小阻力模型等多种空间分析方法划分村庄组团及其内部组合特征,能够科学划分农村居民点类型,从而对不同农村居民点类型提出相应的治理措施,制定符合当地发展的策略。

长春市乡村聚落空间分异特征及影响因素分析

为探究长春市各县(市、区)乡村聚落的空间格局特征和差异性,基于长春市各县(市、区)2017年度土地调查的矢量数据,以长春市乡村聚落为研究对象,综合运用GIS空间统计分析、邻域分析等研究方法,对长春市各县(市、区)内的乡村聚落进行了空间特征分析,探究长春市各县(市、区)乡村聚落的空间格局特征和差异性,并分析了各种因素对乡村聚落影响程度。结果表明:长春市的乡村聚落均呈现聚集分布,但聚集程度具有差异,长春市的乡村聚落主要分布在长春市城区及邻近长春市城区的周边地区,聚集程度高,规模大,其他地区乡村聚落聚集规模小,空间分布稀疏,乡村聚落多分布在水系充足和交通便捷等自然条件优越的地区或社会经济发达的地区。

Land Use Evolution of Rural Settlements Based on Landscape Ecology and Analysis of Its Influence Factors: A Case Study of Panshi City, Jilin City of China

GIS spatial analysis and quantitative analysis of landscape indexes were applied to analyze land use features and influence factors of rural settlements in Panshi City, Jilin Province in view of the comprehensive regional environment. The results showed that (A) Rural settlements are mostly scattered, and concentrated in small groups, showing the co-existence and disorderly expansion of modern and traditional development features; (B) Layouts of rural settlements are closely related to agricultural production; (C) Rural settlements are mostly distributed in the linear patterns along rivers and in the ring patterns around reservoirs; (D) Distribution of rural settlements gradually expands to the neighboring areas of traffic arteries. Against the macro background of urbanization, studying the intensive utilization of rural settlements is a fundamental approach of relieving restriction of land elements, and also an important approach of promoting the construction of new socialist countryside, optimizing industrial structure and accelerating regional urbanization.

Spatio-Temporal Changes of Urban Population and Urban Construction Land in China

This paper first analyzes the general development trend and regional patterns of urban population and urban construction land in China from 1981 to 2009. Then it conducts a quantitative analysis on the coupling state between the growth rate of urban construction land and the urban population growth rate. Considering the status quo of urban development, it proposes that China should maximally optimize the allocation of land resources during the process of urban construction, so as to lessen the confl icts between the supply and demand of construction land.