A Brief Study on pH, Exchangeable Ca²⁺and Mg²⁺in Farmlands under Tobacco-Rice Rotation in Xuancheng City of South Anhui

pH, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ of soil can influence the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Xuancheng city is the dominant tobacco-planting region in Anhui province since 2008. A general soil survey was conducted in Xuancheng city to understand the current situations of pH, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ of farmlands under tobacco-rice rotation and to decide whether continuous applying dolomite powders to abate soil acidification. In total 124 topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from the typical farmlands and soil pH, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ were measured. The results showed that soil pH and Ca2+ and Mg2+ in Xuancheng city were generally in the suitable grades, pH ranged from 4.56 to 8.42 with an average of 5.87, exchangeable Ca2+ ranged from 1.01 cmol(1/2Ca2+) kg-1 to 100.55 cmol(1/2Ca2+) kg-1 with an average of 11.07 cmol(1/2Ca2+) kg-1, and exchangeable Mg2+ ranged from 0.14 cmol(1/2Mg2+) kg-1 to 2.86 cmol(1/2Mg2+) kg-1 with an average of 0.81 cmol(1/2Mg2+) kg-1, all spanned from the low grades to the high grades. To the whole Xuancheng city, 37.10%, 62.10% and 72.58% of the surveyed farmlands were in the low grades of pH, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively, while 52.42%, 25.00% and 20.97% of the farmlands were in the suitable grades, respectively. pH had an extremely significantly positive Napierian logarithm correlation with exchangeable Ca2+ and an extremely significantly positive power correlation with exchangeable Mg2+. In total about 338.2 kg·hm-2 of Ca2+ and 202.4 kg·hm-2 of Mg2+ are annually input into the farmlands, while about 110.4 kg·hm-2 of Ca2+ and 7.4 kg·hm-2 of Mg2+ are annually moved out from the farmlands, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ were annually increased by 225.2 kg·hm-2 and 187.6 kg·hm-2 in the farmlands, respectively. It is necessary to monitor the farmlands dynamically in order to decide whether continuous applying dolomite powders which should be dependent upon the specific conditions of individual farmlands.

Investigation on the Quality of Irrigation Water in Southern Anhui and the Effects of Metal Elements in Irrigation Water on the Coke Sweet Aroma Style of Tobacco Leaves

[Objectives]The effects of metal elements in irrigation water in the tobacco areas of southern Anhui on the coke sweet aroma of tobacco leaves was determined.[Methods]53 representative areas for tobacco planting in southern Anhui were selected,and the quality of irrigation water,especially the content of metal elements,was investigated.[Results]The contents of micro(medium)elements in the irrigation water were too low to have a significant effect on the formation of the coke sweet aroma style of tobacco leaves.The contents of Mg,Ca and Zn were 0.7-8.0,<40 and 0.002-0.029 mg/L,respectively.The heavy metal contents of the irrigation water and other basic control items all met corresponding national standards.Furthermore,the tobacco planting experiment under controlled irrigation using paddy soil in the greenhouse proved that Zn was a negative correlation factor for forming the coke sweet aroma style of tobacco and the threshold value was≥10 mg/L in the irrigation water.Meanwhile,Mg was a positive correlation factor and the content of Mg to promote the coke sweet aroma style should be maintained at 40-90 mg/L.Ca and Mg had a synergistic effect,which was mainly appropriate for acid paddy soils.[Conclusions]This study improves the quality and yield of the coke sweet aroma of tobacco leaves,and has important theoretical and practical value for the formation of a popular agronomic control method.

Contents and Changes of Potassium in Plough Layers of Xuancheng, South Anhui Province

Xuancheng City is the dominant tobacco-planting area of Anhui province due to the high quality of the tobacco leaves. However, the potassium content in the tobacco leaves shows a gradual decreasing trend in recent years, which may be attributed partly to the possible low potassium content in topsoil of tobacco-planting farmland. Therefore, the content data in the year of 2005-2007 of rapidly available potassium (RA-K) of 7730 topsoil samples mainly under double rice rotation or wheat/rice-rice rotation at that time and the content data of slowly available potassium (SA-K) and RA-K of 124 typical topsoil samples in the year of 2015 under tobacco-rice rotation were used and compared in order to disclose the status of topsoil potassium and to provide a guidance for reasonable potassium fertilization in Xuancheng. The results showed that in 2005-2007 RA-K content ranged from 1 mg&#183kg-1 to 844 mg&#183kg-1 with an average of 68 mg&#183kg-1, and 82.7% of topsoil samples were insufficient in RA-K (-1). Comparatively in 2015 SA-K content ranged from 230 mg&#183kg-1 to 1340 mg&#183kg-1 with an average of 595 mg&#183kg-1, and 13.7% of soil samples were insufficient in SA-K (-1);RA-K content ranged from 46 mg&#183kg-1 to 352 mg&#183kg-1 with an average of 134 mg&#183kg-1, and 25.8% of soil samples were insufficient in RA-K (-1). The above data show that RA-K content has increased gradually in farmland topsoil mainly due to fertilization since 1980s, particularly to farmland under tobacco-rice rotation, but insufficient RA-K in topsoil is still widely and serious for farmland under double rice rotation or wheat/rice-rice rotation. Under tobacco-rice rotation, RA-K insufficiency usually occurred in the farmlands which plant tobacco less than 3 years, indicating more potassium fertilizer should be applied.

Brief Study on Microelement Contents in Topsoils of Farmlands in Xuancheng, South Anhui

The available contents of microelements in the topsoil can influence the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Xuancheng is the dominant tobacco-planting region in Anhui province since 2008. In this paper, the topsoil available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn contents of 4197 farmlands mainly under rice-rice rotation and wheat-rice rotation in 2008 and of 124 typical farmlands under tobacco-rice rotation in 2015 in Xuancheng city were analyzed in order to disclose the changes and spatial distributions of these microelements and to instruct the reasonable application of the microelement fertilizers. The results showed that the topsoil average available contents in the farmlands under rice-rice rotation or wheat-rice rotation in 2008 were 105.9 mg·kg-1 for Fe, 19.6 mg·kg-1 for Mn, 4.5 mg·kg-1 for Cu, and 3.0 mg·kg-1 for Zn, respectively, increased by 33.14%, 64.29%, 51.11% and 36.67%, respectively, compared with those in the 2nd Soil Survey in 1980s, and the historic, once intensive and overall application of microelement fertilizers was attributed to the great increases. The topsoil average available contents in the farmlands under tobacco-rice rotation in 2015 were 31.1 mg·kg-1 for Fe, 9.8 mg·kg-1 for Mn, 2.1 mg·kg-1 for Cu, and 0.3 mg·kg-1 for Zn, respectively, decreased by 70.63%, 50.00%, 53.33% and 90.00%, respectively, compared with those of the farmlands under rice-rice rotation or wheat-rice rotation in 2008, and the net deficiencies in the input and output of microelements were attributed to the significant decreases in the topsoil microelements. It is necessary to monitor the farmlands under tobacco-rice rotation dynamically and in time in order to decide whether applying microelement fertilizers or not.