3D Printing of NiCoP/Ti3C2 MXene Architectures for Energy Storage Devices with High Areal and Volumetric Energy Density

Designing high-performance electrodes via 3D printing for advanced energy storage is appealing but remains challenging.In normal cases,light-weight carbonaceous materials harnessing excellent electrical conductivity have served as electrode candidates.However,they struggle with undermined areal and volumetric energy density of supercapacitor devices,thereby greatly impeding the practical applications.Herein,we demonstrate the in situ coupling of NiCoP bimetallic phosphide and Ti3C2 MXene to build up heavy NCPM electrodes affording tunable mass loading throughout 3D printing technology.The resolution of prints reaches 50μm and the thickness of device electrodes is ca.4 mm.Thus-printed electrode possessing robust open framework synergizes favorable capacitance of NiCoP and excellent conductivity of MXene,readily achieving a high areal and volumetric capacitance of 20 F cm^-2 and 137 F cm^-3 even at a high mass loading of^46.3 mg cm^-2.Accordingly,an asymmetric supercapacitor full cell assembled with 3D-printed NCPM as a positive electrode and 3D-printed activated carbon as a negative electrode harvests remarkable areal and volumetric energy density of 0.89 mWh cm^-2 and 2.2 mWh cm^-3,outperforming the most of state-of-the-art carbon-based supercapacitors.The present work is anticipated to offer a viable solution toward the customized construction of multifunctional architectures via 3D printing for high-energy-density energy storage systems.

铁钌磷化物纳米材料的制备及其电催化析氢性能

过渡金属磷化物是一种优良的析氢反应(HER)催化剂,因其成本低、制备方法简单受到了广泛的关注.本研究采用两步法制备了一系列铁钌磷化物(FeRu-P)纳米材料,并通过线性扫描伏安法(LSV)评估催化剂在酸性体系中的HER催化性能.结果表明,当Fe/Ru比为3:7时催化剂具有最优和稳定的析氢催化性能,取得10 mA/cm^2电流密度的过电位(η10)仅为31 mV,Tafel斜率为37.98 mV/dec,与商业化的Pt/C非常接近.对其形貌、结构和组分的表征结果显示,该催化剂优良的催化性能可归因于其二维纳米片形貌,Fe-Ru的协同作用以及相对较高含量的催化活性组分.

Serum semaphorin 4C as a diagnostic biomarker in breast cancer:A multicenter retrospective study

Background:To date,there is no approved blood-based biomarker for breast cancer detection.Herein,we aimed to assess semaphorin 4C(SEMA4C),a pivotal protein involved in breast cancer progression,as a serum diagnostic biomarker.Methods:We included 6,213 consecutive inpatients from Tongji Hospital,Qilu Hospital,and Hubei Cancer Hospital.Training cohort and two validation cohorts were introduced for diagnostic exploration and validation.A pan-cancer cohort was used to independently explore the diagnostic potential of SEMA4C among solid tumors.Breast cancer patients who underwent mass excision prior to modified radical mastectomy were also analyzed.We hypothesized that increased pretreatment serum SEMA4C levels,measured using optimized in-house enzymelinked immunosorbent assay kits,could detect breast cancer.The endpoints were diagnostic performance,including area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),sensitivity,and specificity.Post-surgery pathological diagnosis was the reference standard and breast cancer staging followed the TNM classification.There was no restriction on disease stage for eligibilities.Results:We included 2667 inpatients with breast lesions,2378 patients with other solid tumors,and 1168 healthy participants.Specifically,118 patients with breast cancer were diagnosed with stage 0(5.71%),620 with stage I(30.00%),966 with stage II(46.73%),217 with stage III(10.50%),and 8 with stage IV(0.39%).Patients with breast cancer had significantly higher serum SEMA4C levels than benign breast tumor patients and normal controls(P<0.001).Elevated serum SEMA4C levels had AUC of 0.920(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.900–0.941)and 0.932(95%CI:0.911–0.953)for breast cancer detection in the two validation cohorts.The AUCs for detecting early-stage breast cancer(n=366)and ductal carcinoma in situ(n=85)were 0.931(95%CI:0.916–0.946)and 0.879(95%CI:0.832–0.925),respectively.Serum SEMA4C levels significantly decreased after surgery,and the reduction was more striking after modified radical mastectomy,compared with mass excision(P<0.001).The positive rate of enhanced serum SEMA4C levels was 84.77%for breast cancer and below 20.75%for the other 14 solid tumors.Conclusions:Serum SEMA4C demonstrated promising potential as a candidate biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis.However,validation in prospective settings and by other study groups is warranted.

Osteopontin splice variants expressed by breast tumors regulate monocyte activation via MCP-1 and TGF-β1

Osteopontin （OPN）, a multifunctional glycoprotein, has three transcripts that have distinct roles in tumors in vitro. Whether OPN transcripts have different functions in tumor processes in vivo is unclear. It has been reported that immune cell-derived OPN can promote tumor formation. We propose a hypothesis that tumor-derived OPN may facilitate tumor immune escape by affecting immune cell differentiation and function. In this study, we constructed lentiviral expression vectors of OPN transcripts and transfected them into the MCF-7 cell line. MCF-7 cells transfected with OPN transcripts were injected into the armpit of nude mice, and tumor growth was monitored. The results showed that all OPN transcripts promoted local tumor formation, but that there was no significant difference among transcripts. We also investigated the effect of the OPN expressed by tumor cells on monocyte differentiation by coculturing monocytes with tumor supernatant. We found OPN-c upregulated CD163 levels compared with OPN-a and OPN-b; however, none of the transcripts affected HLA-DR and CD206 levels. All OPN transcripts significantly inhibited TNF-α and enhanced IL-10 production by monocytes. Furthermore, we found that the overexpression of OPN transcripts significantly upregulated TGF-β1 and MCP-1 production by tumor cells. Using neutralizing antibody and recombinant cytokines, we found that OPN overexpressed by tumor cells regulates the production of TNF-α and IL-10 by monocytes partly via MCP-1 and TGF-β1, respectively. Collectively, our results show that OPN transcripts have no distinct role in breast cancer formation in vivo. We also demonstrate that OPN regulates the alternative activation of monocytes via TGF-β1 and MCP-1, which may represent an additional mechanism for tumor immune escape.

Ru/NC heterointerfaces boost energy-efficient production of green H_(2)over a wide pH range

Green hydrogen(H_(2))is an import energy carrier due to the zero-carbon emission in the energy cycle.Nevertheless,green H_(2)production based on electrolyzer and photovoltaics(EZ/PV)remains limited due to the highly pH-dependant and energy exhausting overall water splitting.Herein,we report a series of Ru-nanocluster-modified mesoporous nanospheres(Rux@mONC)as pH-universal electrocatalysts towards both hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and hydrazine oxidation reaction(HzOR).The optimal catalyst Ru_(2)0@mONC realizes remarkable catalytic activity and stability towards both HER and HzOR regardless of electrolytes.As a result,the electrode pair of Ru_(2)0@mONC//Ru_(2)0@mONC requires low cell-potentials of 39/429,405/926,and 164/1,141 mV to achieve the current density of 10/100 mA·cm^(−2),as well as the long-term stability for HzOR assisted electrochemical water splitting in alkaline,acidic,and neutral media,respectively.Those performances are more promising compared to the state-of-the-art electrocatalysts so far reported.A proof-of-concept test demonstrates an efficient production of green H_(2)powered by a single-junction silicon solar cell,which may inspire the use of a cost-effective EZ/PV system.Furthermore,a combined spectroscopic and theoretical study verifies the formation of abundant Ru/NC heterointerfaces in Ru_(2)0@mONC,which not only contributes to the balancing of H*adsorption/desorption in HER but also facilitates the*N_(2)H_(2)dehydrogenation in HzOR.

Bio-modification of eucalyptus chemithermomechanical pulp

Eucalyptus chemithermomechanical pulp(CTMP)was modified with the white-rot fungus 19-6 in a stationary culture condition.Different factors that influence the effect of white-rot fungus treatment,including additional nutrition,pH value,temperature,treatment time and oxygen input were investigated.The results show that the energy consumption of post refining of CTMP treated by white-rot fungus 19-6 was lower than that of untreated pulp and the strength properties also obviously improved.At a freeness level of about 330 mL,compared to the untreated pulp,the tensile index,tear index and internal bonding strength increased by 21.3%,27.4% and 33.1%,respectively.Unfortunately,the treatment with white-rot fungus substantially decreased all optical properties except for opacity,which was essentially unchanged.Brightness and light scatter-ing coefficient were reduced to as much as 25%and 21%compared to the untreated pulps.However,after a tow-stage“Na_(2)S_(2)O_(4)-H_(2)O_(2)”bleaching,the final brightness can reach 70.3%ISO,which is similar to that of the untreated CTMP.