Fault activity characteristics in the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau before the Menyuan Ms6.4 earthquake

Fault deformation characteristics in the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau before the Menyuan Ms6.4 earthquake are investigated through time-series and structural geological analysis based on cross-fault observation data from the Qilian Mountain-Haiyuan Fault belt and the West Qinling Fault belt. The results indicate： 1） Group short-term abnormal variations appeared in the Qilian Mountain-Haiyuan Fault belt and the West Qinling Fault belt before the Menyuan Ms6.4 earthquake. 2） More medium and short-term anomalies appear in the middle-eastern segment of the Qilian Mountain Fault belt and the West Qinling Fault belt, suggesting that the faults＇ activities are strong in these areas. The faults＇ activities in the middle-eastern segment of the Qilian Fault belt result from extensional stress, as before the earthquake, whereas those in the West Qinling Fault belt are mainly compressional. 3） In recent years, moderate-strong earthquakes occurred in both the Kunlun Mountain and the Qilian Mountain Fault belts, and some energy was released. It is possible that the seismicity moved eastward under this regime. Therefore, we should pay attention to the West Qinling Mountain area where an Ms6-7 earthquake could occur in future.

Divergent responses of runoff to climate change in the upper basins of the Third Pole dominated by westerlies and monsoon

The diverse climates,distribution of snow and glaciers,and geographic locations directly affect the runoff response to climate change in the upper basins of the Third Pole.At present,a comprehensive analysis of runoff variations and their distinct responses to climate change in the westerlies-and monsoon-dominated upper basins is still lacking.This study comprehensively analyzed annual runoff variations in westerlies-dominated basins(the upper basins of the Aksu(UAKS),Syr Darya(USRD),Yarkant(UYK),Hotan(UHT),Amu Darya(UAMD),and Indus(UI))and monsoon-dominated basins(the upper basins of the Yangtze(UYA),Yellow(UYE),Lancang(ULC),Nujiang(UNJ),and Yarlung Zangbo(UYZ))of the Third Pole from 1961 to2015.Using multi-source meteorological data and large-scale circulation factors,this study investigated the divergent responses of runoff in the upper basins to climate change,and explored the large-scale circulation mechanisms underlying runoff variations in these upper basins.The results showed that:(1)The annual runoff in the majority of upper basins(except for the UYE and UYZ)exhibited an increasing trend,and the annual runoff in the UAKS,UYK,and UI showed a significant increasing trend from1961 to 2015.The annual runoff in the upper basins of the Third Pole changed abruptly from decreasing to increasing between the 1980s and 2000s,with the exception of the UYE.(2)The runoff in the monsoon-dominated upper basins has been controlled primarily by changes in precipitation over the past 55 years.In contrast,the runoff in the westerlies-dominated upper basins exhibited three distinct long-term responses to climate change:temperature-dominated(UYK and UHT),precipitation-dominated(USRD and UAMD),and the combined influence of precipitation and temperature(UAKS and UI).Since the 1960s,the sensitivity of runoff to warm season temperature changes in the most westerlies-dominated upper basins has decreased,while the response of runoff to precipitation changes has intensified.(3)The study revealed the connection between large-scale circulation,climate,and runoff in the upper basins of the Third Pole.The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation,the Westerly Index,and the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation predominantly impact the precipitation or temperature in the upper basins of the Third Pole,which in turn affect the runoff variations in the upper basins dominated by either the westerlies or the monsoon.This study will be a valuable scientific reference for water resource management and climate change adaptation for both the westerlies-and monsoon-dominated upper basins in the Third Pole.

Pd-Catalyzed Ortho-Directed C-H Glycosylation of Arenes Using N-linked Bidentate Auxiliaries

Main observation and conclusion A set of Pd-catalyzed ortho-directed C-H glycosylation reactions with glycosyl chloride donors using various N-linked bidentate auxil-iaries has been developed for synthesis of C-aryglycosides.A broad range of pyranose and furanose moieties can be installed on the ortho position of arylamine,carbazole,indole and benzylamine type substrates in high yield and with high regio-and diastereoselec-tivity.These auxiliaries can be readily installed and removed under relatively mild conditions.

Elevation of TRIM44 potentiates propagation of gastric cancer stem cells

Gastric cancer stem cells(CSCs),which refer to treatment-refractory and self-renewal cell populations,are critically involved in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer(GC).1 Although gastric CSCs populations have been validated across multiple studies,2 the precise molecular mechanisms of gastric CSCs properties maintenance remain unclear.Emerging evidences have highlighted the role of tripartite-motif(TRIM)family members in regulating CSCs self-renewal and differentiation through protein ubiquitination modification.3 However,the effects of TRIM family members on GC and gastric CSCs have not been elucidated.

Palladium-Catalyzed O- and N-Glycosylation with Glycosyl Chlorides

Despite the significant progress in carbohydrate chemistry,there remains a pressing need for efficient and practical glycosylationmethods using simple glycosyl donors and with high atom economy.Herein,a new protocol for glycosylation with glycosyl chloride donors under palladium-catalyzed conditions is developed.PdII complex serves as a Lewis acid to promote the activation of glycosyl chloride for the formation of oxocarbeniumion intermediate.This new method is operationally simple,robust,and enables efficient synthesis of both O-and N-glycosides with a broad substrate scope.In particular,it offers an easy access to a range of N-ribonucleoside analogs.

Synthesis of 2-Deoxy-C-Glycosides via Iridium-Catalyzed sp^(2)and sp^(3)C-H Glycosylation with Unfunctionalized Glycals

A new protocol for the synthesis of 2-deoxy-C-aryl-glycosides and 2-deoxy-C-alkyl-glycosides via iridium-catalyzed directed C—H glycosylation with glycals is reported.The method is amenable for both the C_(2)C—H glycosylation of indoles and the methyl C—H glycosylation of secondary methyl amines under the control of an N-linked benzoxazole directing group.The benzoxazole group can be cleanly removed by the treatment of KOH or LiAlH_(4).