Geographical differences of leaf traits of the endangered plant Litsea coreana Levl.var.sinensis and its relationship with climate

Seventeen morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaves were selected from five natural populations to explore the variation in leaf traits of Lits ea core ana var.sinensis and the effects of geographical environment on these variations.Nested analysis of variance,multiple comparisons,principal component analysis(PCA),and correlation analysis were conducted to explore the variations within and between populations and their correlation with geographical and climatic factors.Significant differences in the 17 leaf traits were observed within and among populations.On average,the relative contribution of within population variation to total variation was 24.8%,which was lower than among population variation(54.6%).The average differentiation coefficient of the traits was 65.8%,and the average coefficient of variation 11.8%,ranging from6.7%for main vein thickness to 21.4%for petiole length.The PC A results showed that morphological characteristics were divided into two categories,and the level of variation was greater than that of leaf anatomy.Most of the leaf traits were significantly correlated with geography and climate and showed a gradual variation with longitude,latitude,and altitude.In areas with high temperatures,less rainfall,and strong seasonal rainfall,the leaves are larger,longer and thicker.This study shows that variations in leaf traits of L.coreana var.sinensis mainly come from variations among populations.The level of trait differentiation among populations is high and the level of variation within populations low.These findings help further understand leaf morphological characteristics of this species and can provide a valuable reference for the protection and sustainable utilization of this natural resource.

基于PCA-Logistic回归分析的艾叶药材等级评价方法研究

目的通过分析艾叶主要有效成分,建立用于艾叶药材等级评价的“主成分(PCA)-Logistic回归”分析方法。方法取艾叶药材14批,通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分析鉴定其挥发油各组分,通过液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(Q-TOF LC/MS)解析黄酮类成分,选取挥发性及黄酮类有效成分中普遍存在且相对含量较高者为Logistic建模自变量,以各自变量含量测定值做PCA分析,运用Logistic二分类算法,将各成分进行关联分析,建立用于艾叶药材等级评价研究的“PCA-Logistic回归”分析方法。结果选取挥发性成分中桉油精、龙脑,黄酮类成分中异泽兰黄素、棕矢车菊素为Logistic建模自变量。桉油精、龙脑含量范围分别介于0.052%~0.092%,0.021%~0.031%,异泽兰黄素、棕矢车菊素含量范围分别介于0.189%~0.324%,0.068%~0.088%。二分类Logistic回归分析结果表明,14批次艾叶分为4个等级,各批次艾叶等级拟合概率均>95%,优级5批,良级4批,中级2批,差级3批。结论该实验基于“PCA-Logistic回归”分析,初步建立了不同批次艾叶药材等级评价新方法,可为艾叶药材等级评价标准的建立提供技术支撑。

基于DNA条形码对湖北中药材市场的调查分析

目的:湖北省中药历史悠久,是我国重要的药材主产区之一,调查分析湖北市场流通中药材真伪情况对市场监管具有重要意义。方法:本文利用DNA条形码鉴定技术对抽样于湖北中药材市场的12份动物药及494份植物药提取总DNA并扩增相应鉴定序列,比对标准数据库实现真伪鉴别。结果:针对所抽样品,获得鉴定序列COI 12条,ITS2 482条,扩增成功率为98%;477份样品准确鉴定到种,鉴定成功率97%;共鉴定出伪品28份,占所抽查样品的5.5%,其中皂角刺掺伪9%,川贝母掺伪20%,桃仁掺伪44%。结论:DNA条形码技术作为一种快速、准确、易标准化的鉴定方法,为保障中药材用药安全提供有力技术手段,将在中药材市场监管中发挥重要技术支撑作用。

超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱法测定中药及保健食品中17种非法添加的解热镇痛及止咳类药物

目的:建立超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱仪快速检测中药及保健食品中17种非法添加的解热镇痛类及止咳类药物。方法:采用甲醇超声对样品进行提取,采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18反相色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.2 ml·min^(-1);采用Q-TOF-MS为检测器,采用电喷雾离子源检测,MSE(±)扫描模式采集,通过比对保留时间、精确分子量及二级碎片来进行定性分析。结果:17种药物的检出限为0.01~5 ng。对收集的30批样品进行定性检测,结果5批次检出醋酸泼尼松、4批次检出吲哚美辛,2批次检出茶碱,其余检出成分均为1批。结论:本方法灵敏度、准确度均较高,适用于常见的解热镇痛类及止咳类药物的快速检测。

基于DNA条形码的翠云草快速鉴定方法研究

目的:基于卷柏属植物DNA条形码鉴定序列,运行Taq Man探针技术探讨翠云草快速鉴定新方法。方法:本文利用DNA条形码鉴定技术对采集的11种32份卷柏属样本提取总DNA扩增ITS2序列,结合Genbank数据库的34种103条序列综合分析,针对翠云草设计特异引物及探针,运用实时荧光PCR检测技术比较序列扩增荧光信号差异实现翠云草的快速鉴定。结果:在所分析的物种中ITS2序列可将翠云草与其它卷柏属近源物种有效区分,Taq Man探针及引物特异性较好,本研究建立的方法在翠云草的鉴别中具有良好的特异性、重复性及灵敏性,甚至可从低至1 mg的样品中提取DNA得到有效检出。结论:基于DNA条形码鉴定序列变异位点信息,运用高特异Taq Man探针实时荧光PCR检测技术,可实现翠云草真伪快速鉴别,具有中药材市场监管应用前景,将为中药材快速鉴定应用研究提供参考。

设施温室智能化平台技术研究

为解决设施温室因空间限制导致农机设备进门难、掉头难的问题,提高耕整地、田间管理与收获环节的作业效率,实现设施蔬菜生产机械化作业的智能操作,北京市农业机械试验鉴定推广站研发了设施温室智能化平台。平台以电源为动力,可将设施蔬菜生产中各环节所需的农机具集合安装在该平台上,实现一机多用;并采用程序化设计实现自动化或半自动化控制功能。工作时,主机平台配套农机具后可实现纵向行走、横向行走和上下升降三维化运动,作业高效无死角,大幅度提高设施蔬菜生产综合机械化作业水平和作业质量。在同一园区,可实现主机平台在设施温室间转移作业,充分发挥主机效率,提高设备利用率。

德法共治助力绿色生活 垃圾分类引领文明风尚

近年来,首都文明办与市城市管理委等部门密切配合、同频共振,通过开展系列宣传引导实践活动,引领市民垃圾分类意识不断提升,促使垃圾分类成为绿色生活方式重要内容,成为一种新的文明时尚。一、注重宣传引导,浓厚社会氛围(一)深耕“V蓝北京”品牌项目,引导市民群众自觉践行绿色消费、绿色公益等生活方式。每逢农历小年,首都文明办依托中央、市属媒体发布《文明过大年倡议书》,传播勤俭节约、践行绿色生活理念,各媒体平台对倡议书转发报道。

多重连接探针扩增技术检测川贝母掺伪的研究

目的:着重探讨采用新技术检测川贝母的真伪。方法:本研究利用多重连接探针扩增(MLPA)技术特异、敏感等技术优势,以川贝母、平贝母、伊贝母、浙贝母和湖北贝母为研究对象,针对川贝母及非川贝母ITS1序列设计了10条特异探针,建立川贝母掺伪检测及相对定量的MLPA扩增方法。结果:针对探针混合物分别以川贝母及4种非川贝母对照药材为模板,从单个样品中只能扩增出单一扩增峰,表明了探针高特异性。敏感性分析结果表明,MLPA扩增最低检测限度可达到掺伪10%,并且目的扩增峰面积比与掺伪比例基本一致。检测市场抽查样品验证了MLPA扩增方法在川贝母掺伪检测中的适用性,表明该方法可有效检出川贝母药材掺伪,并可反映市场药材掺伪比例。结论:本研究基于MLPA建立的川贝母掺伪检测方法,具有特异性强及敏感性高的特点,可为川贝母药材检验监管提供技术支持,为中药材掺伪检测技术的建立提供参考。

Drug-loaded chitosan film prepared via facile solution casting and air-drying of plain water-based chitosan solution for ocular drug delivery

Chitosan is a nature-based polymer with low toxicity,excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability.However,the intractable solubility of chitosan in water and most conventional solvents hampers its biomedical applications.Following the dissolution method for dissolving chitosan in plain water developed by us,chitosan was dissolved in ionic liquid followed by overnight freezing at−20℃ and subsequent solvent exchange with plain water at room temperature.In this study,we fabricated a drug-carrying chitosan film via solution casting and air-drying by using the plain water-based chitosan solution.Specifically,brimonidine tartrate(BT),an antiglaucoma drug,was dissolved in the plain-water based solution and used to prepare BT-loaded chitosan film,i.e.,chitosan-BT film.The resulting film is transparent,structurally stable,and mucoadhesive.Micro-sized antiglaucoma BT drug crystals form and are well dispersed in the chitosan film.The chitosan-BT film enables BT to have a high corneal permeability with fast drug release kinetics for potential ocular drug delivery.