凝固点降低法测定摩尔质量实验装置的改进和应用

针对现有物理化学实验“凝固点降低法测定物质的摩尔质量”的装置所存在的问题,本文对其进行了创新性的改进。我们设计了半导体制冷的金属冷阱和集成涡轮搅拌器与加热器的凝固点管,搭建了精密温度测量电路,并将各部分集成为成套设备。将改进的仪器应用于尿素-水、蔗糖-水、萘-环己烷等体系的测量。实验结果表明,相对现有的实验装置,改进仪器的测量结果重复性更好、准确性更高、实验效率更高,更加符合实验教学需求,有利于培养学生的创新思维和科研能力。

Intrinsically anti-freezing and anti-dehydration hydrogel for multifunctional wearable sensors

Conductive hydrogels have combined high conductivity and excellent mechanical properties[1,2],and have received increasing attention due to their promising and diverse applications in flexible energy storage devices[3,4],soft robotics[5,6],and wearable sensors[7–9].Nevertheless,their applications are severely limited by inevitable function loss because they would be frozen or dehydrated due to climate change[10–14].