Research Progress on Epigenetic Mechanism of Sarcopenia

In recent years, sarcopenia, as a progressive muscular atrophy and weakness, has become one of the common diseases in the elderly. Although its cause is not fully understood, a growing body of research suggests that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current research progress in the epigenetics of sarcopenia, focusing on the role of DNA methylation, RNA methylation and non-coding RNA in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. While exploring the epigenetic mechanism of sarcopenia, this study will also look into the application prospect of epigenetics in the treatment strategy of sarcopenia, which will provide new ideas and directions for the treatment of sarcopenia.

Global Scientific Trends in Research Related to Diabetic Sarcopenia from 1993 to 2023: A Bibliometric Analysis

Objectives: In this study, bibliometric approach was used to explore the literature in the field of research related to Diabetic Myasthenia Gravis in order to identify the current research progress in Diabetic Myasthenia Gravis related research and to help the researchers to predict the future hotspots in the field of research and to provide reference for the research. Methods: Literature related to diabetic sarcopenia published from 1993 to 2023 since the inception of the repository was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and bibliometric analyses were performed. We have analysed the published literature of the last approximately almost 30 years, as well as publication and citation analyses from different countries, institutions, journals and authors. For keywords, we performed co-occurrence, clustering, timeline view and citation burst analysis. Results: On the basis of 1564 publications, we found a continuous increase in the number of publications and citations, especially in the last six years. The United States is the most representative country, and Seoul National University (SNU) is the most representative institution. The most popular journal in the field is Diabetes Care;Fukui, Michiaki is the most prolific author, leading many studies related to diabetic sarcopenia. The most frequently cited reference was a revised European consensus on the definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia;the most cited keywords were related to physiological factors of diabetes, sarcopenia and related conditions, such as “insulin resistance”, “skeletal muscle”, “body composition”, “risk” and “prevalence”. Conclusion: With more and more studies on the relationship between diabetic sarcopenia, this study presents the current status and trend of research related to diabetic sarcopenia over the past nearly 30 years through the visualization software CiteSpace. It can help researchers identify potential collaborators and partner institutions, hotspots and research frontiers in the field of diabetic sarcopenia. However, our work is only based on the English language literature in the WoSCC database, and for future studies, we recommend that researchers explore the literature from multiple databases to enhance the scope of their research.

Myosteatosis is associated with coronary artery calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND Myosteatosis,rather than low muscle mass,is the primary etiologic factor of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Myosteatosis may lead to a series of metabolic dysfunctions,such as insulin resistance,systematic inflammation,and oxidative stress,and all these dysfunctions are closely associated with the acceleration of T2DM and atherosclerosis.AIM To investigate the association between myosteatosis and coronary artery calcification(CAC)in patients with T2DM.METHODS Patients with T2DM,who had not experienced major cardiovascular events and had undergone both abdominal and thoracic computed tomography(CT)scans,were included.The mean skeletal muscle attenuation was assessed using abdominal CT images at the L3 level.The CAC score was determined from thoracic CT images using the Agatston scoring method.Myosteatosis was diagnosed according to Martin’s criteria.Severe CAC(SCAC)was defined when the CAC score exceeded 300.Logistic regression and decision tree analyses were performed.RESULTS A total of 652 patients with T2DM were enrolled.Among them,167(25.6%)patients had SCAC.Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that myosteatosis,age,duration of diabetes,cigarette smoking,and alcohol consumption were independent risk factors of SCAC.Myosteatosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of SCAC(OR=2.381,P=0.003).The association between myosteatosis and SCAC was significant in the younger patients(OR=2.672,95%CI:1.477-4.834,P=0.002),but not the older patients(OR=1.456,95%CI:0.863-2.455,P=0.188),and was more prominent in the population with lower risks of atherosclerosis.The decision tree analyses prioritized older age as the primary variable for SCAC.In older patients,cigarette smoking was the main contributing factor for SCAC,while in younger patients,it was myosteatosis.CONCLUSION Myosteatosis is a novel risk factor for atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM,especially in the population with younger ages and fewer traditional risk factors.

基于Citespace可视化分析的区域发展研究与前沿

本文采用文献计量法,以CNKI为数据源,以“增长极”和“强省会”为检索主题,对1992-2023年我国区域发展相关文献进行检索。运用Citespace等软件绘制发文量、作者、关键词、聚类等图谱,并进行可视化计量分析。本文旨在明晰我国区域发展研究热点趋势、结构脉络、前沿态势及演化规律,探寻区域发展一般性规律,以此为新的历史条件下我国区域发展研究提供可以借鉴的思路。结果显示,区域发展研究紧跟国家政策方针,不断开拓视野,总体趋势呈现明显的阶段性特征;以高产作者为中心,该领域形成少量集中的作者合作网络;机构之间已形成较为密切的小团体到大规模的合作网络,主要机构对该领域保持长久持续的研究态势;区域发展研究聚焦于“增长极”理论的实践应用;京津冀、长三角、珠三角、四大板块等是主要研究区域,也是未来研究的热点区域;城市群发展及其动力源、“强省会”战略、乡村振兴的探寻仍将持续。

Jiaohong pills attenuate neuroinflammation and amyloid-βprotein-induced cognitive deficits by modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor kappa-B pathway

Background:Jiaohong pills(JHP)consist of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli(PZ)and Radix Rehmanniae,two herbs that have been extensively investigated over many years due to their potential protective effects against cognitive decline and memory impairment.However,the precise mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects remain elusive.Here,research studies were conducted to investigate and validate the therapeutic effects of JHP on Alzheimer's disease.Methods:BV-2 cell inflammation was induced by lipopolysaccharide.AD mice were administered amyloid-β(Aβ).Behavioral experiments were used to evaluate learning and memory ability.The levels of nitric oxide(NO),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and interleukin-10(IL-10)were detected using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and the phosphorylation level of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)were detected using Western blot.Nissl staining was used to detect neuronal degeneration.Results:The results demonstrated that an alcoholic extract of PZ significantly decreased the levels of NO,IL-1β,TNF-α,and iNOS;increased the expression level of IL-10;and significantly decreased the phosphorylation levels of MAPK and NF-κB.These inhibitory effects were further confirmed in the AD mouse model.Meanwhile,JHP improved learning and memory function in AD mice,reduced neuronal damage,and enriched the Nissl bodies in the hippocampus.Moreover,IL-1βand TNF-αin the cortex were significantly downregulated after JHP administration,whereas IL-10showed increased expression.Conclusions:It was found that JHP reduced neuroinflammatory response in AD mice by targeting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Self-Adaptive and Electric Field-Driven Protective Layer with Anchored Lithium Deposition Enable Stable Lithium Metal Anode

Lithium metal battery has great development potential because of its lowest electrochemical potential and highest theoretical capacity.However,the uneven deposition of Li^(+)flux in the process of deposition and stripping induces the vigorous growth of lithium dendrites,which results in severely battery performance degradation and serious safety hazards.Here,the tetragonal BaTiO3 polarized by high voltage corona was used to build an artificial protective layer with uniform positive polarization direction,which enables uniform Li^(+)flux.In contrast to traditional strategies of using protective layer,which can guide the uniform deposition of lithium metal.The ferroelectric protective layer can accurately anchor the Li^(+)and achieve bottom deposition of lithium due to the automatic adjustment of the electric field.Simultaneously,the huge volume changes caused by Li^(+)migration change of the lithium metal anode during charging and discharging is functioned to excite the piezoelectric effect of the protective layer,and achieve seamless dynamic tuning of lithium deposition/stripping.This dynamic effect can accurately anchor and capture Li^(+).Finally,the layer-modified Li anode enables reversible Li plating/stripping over 1500 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)and 50℃in symmetric cells.In addition,the assembled Li-S full cell exhibits over 300 cycles with N/P≈1.35.This work provides a new perspective on the uniform Li^(+)flux at the Li-anode interface of the artificial protective layer.

Abnormal Action Recognition with Lightweight Pose Estimation Network in Electric Power Training Scene

Electric power training is essential for ensuring the safety and reliability of the system.In this study,we introduce a novel Abnormal Action Recognition(AAR)system that utilizes a Lightweight Pose Estimation Network(LPEN)to efficiently and effectively detect abnormal fall-down and trespass incidents in electric power training scenarios.The LPEN network,comprising three stages—MobileNet,Initial Stage,and Refinement Stage—is employed to swiftly extract image features,detect human key points,and refine them for accurate analysis.Subsequently,a Pose-aware Action Analysis Module(PAAM)captures the positional coordinates of human skeletal points in each frame.Finally,an Abnormal Action Inference Module(AAIM)evaluates whether abnormal fall-down or unauthorized trespass behavior is occurring.For fall-down recognition,three criteria—falling speed,main angles of skeletal points,and the person’s bounding box—are considered.To identify unauthorized trespass,emphasis is placed on the position of the ankles.Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed system in ensuring the safety and reliability of electric power training.

Dynamic SLAM Visual Odometry Based on Instance Segmentation:A Comprehensive Review

Dynamic Simultaneous Localization and Mapping(SLAM)in visual scenes is currently a major research area in fields such as robot navigation and autonomous driving.However,in the face of complex real-world envi-ronments,current dynamic SLAM systems struggle to achieve precise localization and map construction.With the advancement of deep learning,there has been increasing interest in the development of deep learning-based dynamic SLAM visual odometry in recent years,and more researchers are turning to deep learning techniques to address the challenges of dynamic SLAM.Compared to dynamic SLAM systems based on deep learning methods such as object detection and semantic segmentation,dynamic SLAM systems based on instance segmentation can not only detect dynamic objects in the scene but also distinguish different instances of the same type of object,thereby reducing the impact of dynamic objects on the SLAM system’s positioning.This article not only introduces traditional dynamic SLAM systems based on mathematical models but also provides a comprehensive analysis of existing instance segmentation algorithms and dynamic SLAM systems based on instance segmentation,comparing and summarizing their advantages and disadvantages.Through comparisons on datasets,it is found that instance segmentation-based methods have significant advantages in accuracy and robustness in dynamic environments.However,the real-time performance of instance segmentation algorithms hinders the widespread application of dynamic SLAM systems.In recent years,the rapid development of single-stage instance segmentationmethods has brought hope for the widespread application of dynamic SLAM systems based on instance segmentation.Finally,possible future research directions and improvementmeasures are discussed for reference by relevant professionals.

Analysis of Safety Assessment and Testing of Heavy Traffic Vehicles on Old Bridges Without Data

This article presents a real-life project that aimed to evaluate the safety of traffic vehicles on old bridges without any prior data.The project involved various safety inspections,including conventional,static,and dynamic load inspections and safety assessments.After conducting these tests,it was concluded that the structure of the old bridge is relatively safe,with only a few bumps.The bridge could function normally following appropriate treatment.The analysis provides valuable insights into the assessment of the quality and safety of such bridges to ensure the safe driving of heavy vehicles.

Discussion on Detection and Evaluation of Simply Supported Prestressed Concrete Small Box Girder Bridge After a Fire

The article takes a simply supported prestressed concrete small box girder bridge project as an example for inspection and evaluation after a fire incident.This includes appearance detection,concrete color hardness detection,concrete strength detection,concrete surface damage layer detection,reinforcement protective layer detection,and concrete carbonation detection.It is hoped that this analysis can be used as a reference for the detection and evaluation of future bridge projects with fire incidents to smoothen its subsequent repair and maintenance.

Application Effect of Remote Ultrasound Teaching in Standardized Residency Training

Objective:To explore the application effect of remote ultrasound teaching in the standardized training of residents.Methods:42 students who participated in the standardized residency training in the Department of Ultrasonography of our hospital from August 2022 to August 2023 were selected and divided into the control group(n=21)and the observation group(n=21)by using the random number table method.The control group was taught routinely,and the observation group was taught with remote ultrasound on the basis of the control group.The general data,teaching effect,ultrasound diagnostic compliance rate,and teaching satisfaction of the participants in the two groups were observed.Results:The baseline data of the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05);the theoretical and practical assessment scores of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group(t=2.491,t=2.434,P=0.05);the ultrasound diagnostic compliance rate of the participants in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(78.33%)(χ2=33.574,P=0.000<0.001);the overall satisfaction rate of students in the observation group(20/95.24%)was significantly higher than that of the control group(14/66.67%)(χ2=3.860,P=0.049<0.05).Conclusion:In standardized residency training,remote ultrasound teaching can effectively improve the comprehensive ability of students,enhance diagnostic accuracy,and improve students’teaching satisfaction.

Analysis of the Application of Bridge Rapid Inspection and Evaluation Technology

Rapid bridge inspection and evaluation mainly uses information technology to test the quality of bridge infrastructure and structures,integrates the test results with the existing management system,completes the bridge status assessment,establishes information management files to provide bridge disease problem inspection and analysis,and provides support for the application of disposal measures.This paper briefly discusses the necessity of applying rapid inspection and evaluation technology and analyzes the bridge’s rapid inspection and evaluation content,inspection system,and application process.We look forward to the future application prospects of this technology and supporting those in this field.

Technical Analysis of Safety Monitoring and Evaluation of Existing Bridge Structures

Bridge structure safety monitoring and assessment has been a great concern for the government and the public,and bridge structure safety monitoring and assessment technology has also developed rapidly over the years.Its goal is to equip relevant organizations and professionals with a deep understanding of the principles and practical applications of these technologies.By doing so,it seeks to facilitate the effective implementation of safety monitoring and assessment practices in bridge management.Ultimately,the aim is to foster the constructive development of road and bridge construction and operational management at a broader level.

Causes of a Typical Southern Flood and Northern Drought Event in 2015 over Eastern China

The spatial distribution of summer precipitation anomalies over eastern China often shows a dipole pattern,with anti-phased precipitation anomalies between southern China and northern China,known as the“southern flooding and northern drought”(SF-ND)pattern.In 2015,China experienced heavy rainfall in the south and the worst drought since 1979 in the north,which caused huge social and economic losses.Using reanalysis data,the atmospheric circulation anomalies and possible mechanisms related to the summer precipitation anomalies in 2015 were examined.The results showed that both El Niño and certain atmospheric teleconnections,including the Pacific Japan/East Asia Pacific(PJ/EAP),Eurasia pattern(EU),British–Baikal Corridor pattern(BBC),and Silk Road mode(SR),contributed to the dipole pattern of precipitation anomalies.The combination of these factors caused a southwards shift of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)and a weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon.Consequently,it was difficult for the monsoon front and associated rain band to migrate northwards,which meant that less precipitation occurred in northern China while more precipitation occurred in southern China.This resulted in the SF-ND event.Moreover,further analysis revealed that global sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)or sea-ice anomalies were key to stimulating these atmospheric teleconnections.

The relationship among amyloid-βdeposition,sphingomyelin level,and the expression and function of P-glycoprotein in Alzheimer’s disease pathological process

In Alzheimer’s disease,the transporter P-glycoprotein is responsible for the clearance of amyloid-βin the brain.Amyloid-βcorrelates with the sphingomyelin metabolism,and sphingomyelin participates in the regulation of P-glycoprotein.The amyloid cascade hypothesis describes amyloid-βas the central cause of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology.Better understanding of the change of P-glycoprotein and sphingomyelin along with amyloid-βand their potential association in the pathological process of Alzheimer’s disease is critical.Herein,we found that the expression of P-glycoprotein in APP/PS1 mice tended to increase with age and was significantly higher at 9 and 12 months of age than that in wild-type mice at comparable age.The functionality of P-glycoprotein of APP/PS1 mice did not change with age but was significantly lower than that of wild-type mice at 12 months of age.Decreased sphingomyelin levels,increased ceramide levels,and the increased expression and activity of neutral sphingomyelinase 1 were observed in APP/PS1 mice at 9 and 12 months of age compared with the levels in wild-type mice.Similar results were observed in the Alzheimer’s disease mouse model induced by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-β1-42 and human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells treated with amyloid-β1-42.In human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells,neutral sphingomyelinase 1 inhibitor interfered with the changes of sphingomyelin metabolism and P-glycoprotein expression and functionality caused by amyloid-β1-42 treatment.Neutral sphingomyelinase 1 regulated the expression and functionality of P-glycoprotein and the levels of sphingomyelin and ceramide.Together,these findings indicate that neutral sphingomyelinase 1 regulates the expression and function of P-glycoprotein via the sphingomyelin/ceramide pathway.These studies may serve as new pursuits for the development of anti-Alzheimer’s disease drugs.

Network pharmacological and molecular docking study of the effect of Liu-Wei-Bu-Qi capsule on lung cancer

BACKGROUND Although Liu-Wei-Bu-Qi capsule(LBC)inhibits tumor progression by improving the physical condition and immunity of patients with lung cancer(LC),its exact mechanism of action is unknown.AIM To through compound multi-dimensional network of chemical ingredient-targetdisease-target-protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,the principle of action of Chinese medicine prescription was explained from molecular level.METHODS Network pharmacology and molecular docking simulations were used to analyze the relationship among the main components,targets,and signaling pathways of LBC in treatment of LC.RESULTS From the analysis,360 LBC active ingredient-related targets and 908 LC-related targets were identified.PPI network analysis of the LBC and LC overlapping targets identified 16 hub genes.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis suggested that LBC can target the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway,Toll-like receptor signaling pathway,prolactin signaling pathway,FoxO signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway in the treatment of LC.Molecular docking simulations showed that quercetin had the best affinity for MAPK3,suggesting that quercetin in LBC may play an important role in the treatment of LC.CONCLUSION The results showed that the active ingredients in LBC can play a crucial role in the treatment of LC by regulating multiple signaling pathways.These results provide insights into further studies on the mechanism of action of LBC in the treatment of LC.

垂直轴风力机二维流场特性及变桨规律研究

为了研究H型垂直轴风力机的变桨规律,提高其获能效率,对垂直轴风力机叶片翼型进行空气动力学性能分析,选出升阻比较高的翼型。对优选出的翼型进行二维建模,采用CFD(Computational FluidDynamics)方法进行二维流场仿真模拟,得到不同尖速比叶片周围流场的变化规律,据此设计出H型垂直轴风力机叶片并进行三维建模。分析叶片旋转一周所受力矩的变化,即某一方位角不同桨距角下力矩的变化趋势,得出垂直轴风力机旋转一周的变桨规律。该研究对H型垂直轴风力机的开发和工程应用具有一定的参考价值。

Visual SLAM Based on Object Detection Network:A Review

Visual simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)is crucial in robotics and autonomous driving.However,traditional visual SLAM faces challenges in dynamic environments.To address this issue,researchers have proposed semantic SLAM,which combines object detection,semantic segmentation,instance segmentation,and visual SLAM.Despite the growing body of literature on semantic SLAM,there is currently a lack of comprehensive research on the integration of object detection and visual SLAM.Therefore,this study aims to gather information from multiple databases and review relevant literature using specific keywords.It focuses on visual SLAM based on object detection,covering different aspects.Firstly,it discusses the current research status and challenges in this field,highlighting methods for incorporating semantic information from object detection networks into mileage measurement,closed-loop detection,and map construction.It also compares the characteristics and performance of various visual SLAM object detection algorithms.Lastly,it provides an outlook on future research directions and emerging trends in visual SLAM.Research has shown that visual SLAM based on object detection has significant improvements compared to traditional SLAM in dynamic point removal,data association,point cloud segmentation,and other technologies.It can improve the robustness and accuracy of the entire SLAM system and can run in real time.With the continuous optimization of algorithms and the improvement of hardware level,object visual SLAM has great potential for development.

A Lightweight Road Scene Semantic Segmentation Algorithm

In recent years,with the continuous deepening of smart city construction,there have been significant changes and improvements in the field of intelligent transportation.The semantic segmentation of road scenes has important practical significance in the fields of automatic driving,transportation planning,and intelligent transportation systems.However,the current mainstream lightweight semantic segmentation models in road scene segmentation face problems such as poor segmentation performance of small targets and insufficient refinement of segmentation edges.Therefore,this article proposes a lightweight semantic segmentation model based on the LiteSeg model improvement to address these issues.The model uses the lightweight backbone network MobileNet instead of the LiteSeg backbone network to reduce the network parameters and computation,and combines the Coordinate Attention(CA)mechanism to help the network capture long-distance dependencies.At the same time,by combining the dependencies of spatial information and channel information,the Spatial and Channel Network(SCNet)attention mechanism is proposed to improve the feature extraction ability of the model.Finally,a multiscale transposed attention encoding(MTAE)module was proposed to obtain features of different resolutions and perform feature fusion.In this paper,the proposed model is verified on the Cityscapes dataset.The experimental results show that the addition of SCNet and MTAE modules increases the mean Intersection over Union(mIoU)of the original LiteSeg model by 4.69%.On this basis,the backbone network is replaced with MobileNet,and the CA model is added at the same time.At the cost of increasing the minimum model parameters and computing costs,the mIoU of the original LiteSeg model is increased by 2.46%.This article also compares the proposed model with some current lightweight semantic segmentation models,and experiments show that the comprehensive performance of the proposed model is the best,especially in achieving excellent results in small object segmentation.Finally,this article will conduct generalization testing on the KITTI dataset for the proposed model,and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a certain degree of generalization.

甲巯咪唑致中性粒细胞缺乏伴坏死性淋巴结炎患者的用药监护

临床药师参与1例甲巯咪唑致中性粒细胞缺乏伴坏死性淋巴结炎患者的临床实践。患者因甲状腺机能亢进症、中性粒细胞缺乏入院,入院后经抗感染及抗病毒治疗后效果不佳,并伴有淋巴结肿大疼痛,临床药师对用药情况及药物治疗情况分析,给临床提供用药建议,并分析患者高热可能与药物热、细菌及病毒性感染无关,考虑患者淋巴结炎不排除坏死性淋巴结炎可能,患者使用糖皮质激素后无发热。该病例提示临床药师通过参与甲巯咪唑致中性粒细胞缺乏伴坏死性淋巴结炎患者的临床治疗过程,利用自身药学专业特长,提升了合理用药水平,可更好地为临床和患者服务。