Factors affecting meibomian gland area loss in symptomatic adults

AIM:To characterize the distribution of meibomian gland(MG)area loss(MGL)and its relationship with demographic characteristics,mites,and symptoms.METHODS:This retrospective observational study included patients who visited the Dry Eye Clinic of Shenzhen Eye Hospital between June 2020 and August 2021.General patient characteristics,ocular symptoms,Demodex test results of the eyelid edges,and the results of a comprehensive ocular surface analysis were collected.MGL was analyzed using Image J software.RESULTS:This study enrolled 1204 outpatients aged 20-80(40.70±13.44)y,including 357 males(29.65%)and 847 females(70.35%).The patients were classified into mild(n=155;12.87%),moderate(n=795;66.03%),severe(n=206;17.11%),and extremely severe(n=48;3.99%)MGL groups.MGL was significantly larger in female than in male(P=0.006).The degree of MGL also significantly differed in age(P<0.001)and the more numbers of mites with severity(P<0.001).Multivariate disordered multinomial logistic regression analysis identified that female sex,older age,secretory symptoms,and a large number of mites were risk factors for MGL(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Patients with MGL are more likely to be older,female,more numbers of mites,and increased secretion.

Catalysis-based specific detection and inhibition of tyrosinase and their application

Tyrosinase is an important enzyme in controlling the formation of melanin in melanosome,and plays a key role in the pigmentation of hair and skin.The abnormal expression or activation of tyrosinase is associated with several diseases such as albinism,vitiligo,melanoma and Parkinson disease.Excessive deposition of melanin could cause diseases such as freckles and brown spots in the human body,and it is also closely related to browning of fruits and vegetables and insect molting.Detecting and inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase is of extraordinary value in the progress of diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.Therefore,many selective optical detection probes and small molecular inhibitors have been developed,and have made significant contributions to the basic and clinical research on these diseases.In this paper,the detection and inhibition of tyrosinase and their application in whitening products are reviewed,with special emphasis on development of fluorescent probes and inhibitors.Hopefully,this review will help design more efficient and sensitive tyrosinase probes and inhibitors,as well as shed light on novel treatment of diseases such as melanoma.

Carrier and magnetism engineering for monolayer SnS_(2) by high throughput first-principles calculations

Two-dimensional(2D)semiconducting tin disulfide(SnS_(2))has been widely used for optoelectronic applications.To functionalize SnS_(2) for extending its application,we investigate the stability,electronic and magnetic properties of substitutional doping by high throughput first-principles calculations.There are a lot of elements that can be doped in monolayer SnS_(2).Nonmetal in group A can introduce p-type and n-type carriers,while most metals in group A can only lead to p-type doping.Not only 3d,but also 4d and 5d transition metals in groups VB to VⅢB9 can introduce magnetism in SnS_(2),which is potentially applicable for spintronics.This study provides a comprehensive view of functionalization of SnS_(2) by substitutional doping,which will guide further experimental realization.