BACKGROUND With the aging world population,the incidence of falls has intensified and fallrelated hospitalization costs are increasing.Falls are one type of event studied in the health economics of patient safety,and ...BACKGROUND With the aging world population,the incidence of falls has intensified and fallrelated hospitalization costs are increasing.Falls are one type of event studied in the health economics of patient safety,and many developed countries have conducted such research on fall-related hospitalization costs.However,China,a developing country,still lacks large-scale studies in this area.AIM To investigate the factors related to the hospitalization costs of fall-related injuries in elderly inpatients and establish factor-based,cost-related groupings.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted.Patient information and cost data for elderly inpatients(age≥60 years,n=3362)who were hospitalized between 2016 and 2019 due to falls was collected from the medical record systems of two grade-A tertiary hospitals in China.Quantile regression(QR)analysis was used to identify the factors related to fall-related hospitalization costs.A decision tree model based on the chi-squared automatic interaction detector algorithm for hospitalization cost grouping was built by setting the factors in the regression results as separation nodes.RESULTS The total hospitalization cost of fall-related injuries in the included elderly patients was 180479203.03 RMB,and the reimbursement rate of medical benefit funds was 51.0%(92039709.52 RMB/180479203.03 RMB).The medical material costs were the highest component of the total hospitalization cost,followed(in order)by drug costs,test costs,treatment costs,integrated medical service costs and blood transfusion costs The QR results showed that patient age,gender,length of hospital stay,payment method,wound position,wound type,operation times and operation type significantly influenced the inpatient cost(P<0.05).The cost grouping model was established based on the QR results,and age,length of stay,operation type,wound position and wound type were the most important influencing factors in the model.Furthermore,the cost of each combination varied significantly.CONCLUSION Our grouping model of hospitalization costs clearly reflected the key factors affecting hospitalization costs and can be used to strengthen the reasonable control of these costs.展开更多
Objective:To explore the current development and challenges regarding mobile medical applications(mmAPPs),so as to provide reference for application function elevation and quality improvement.Methods:We retrieved lite...Objective:To explore the current development and challenges regarding mobile medical applications(mmAPPs),so as to provide reference for application function elevation and quality improvement.Methods:We retrieved literature databases like Web of Science,PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang,China Biomedical Network,time limit was from January 1,2010 to December 31,2021,and restricted to the Chinese or English language.Results:This study concluded with the following six aspects:Domestic and foreign development of mmAPP,reminder function,barriers and challenges(low quality;slow update rate;lack of standard evaluation tool or criterion),privacy and safety concerns,adverse drug event report state(low report rate-related reasons,different countries’report policies),and current hindrances in the progression(economic worries;personal education level;acceptance and study of technology;rural districts,and low-income countries).Conclusions:We should focus on the application’s quality elevation rather than quantity,pay more attention to patients’adverse drug event reports,privacy and safety,and place emphasis on rural districts and low-income countries.展开更多
We demonstrate the first achievement of continuous-wave(CW)pumped second harmonic generation(SHG)in few-and monolayer gallium selenide(GaSe)flakes,which are coated on silicon photonic crystal(PC)cavities.Because of ul...We demonstrate the first achievement of continuous-wave(CW)pumped second harmonic generation(SHG)in few-and monolayer gallium selenide(GaSe)flakes,which are coated on silicon photonic crystal(PC)cavities.Because of ultrahigh second order nonlinearity of the two-dimensional(2D)GaSe and localized resonant mode in the PC cavity,SHG’s pump power is greatly reduced to microwatts.In a nine-layer GaSe coated PC cavity,while the optical power inside the GaSe flake is only 1.5%of that in the silicon PC slab,the SHG in GaSe is more than 650 times stronger than the third harmonic generation in silicon slab,indicating 2D GaSe’s great potentials to strengthen nonlinear processes in silicon photonics.Our study opens up a new view to expand 2D materials’optoelectronic applications in nonlinear regime and chip-integrated active devices.展开更多
基金Supported by The National Key Research and Development Project,No.2020YFC2005900.
文摘BACKGROUND With the aging world population,the incidence of falls has intensified and fallrelated hospitalization costs are increasing.Falls are one type of event studied in the health economics of patient safety,and many developed countries have conducted such research on fall-related hospitalization costs.However,China,a developing country,still lacks large-scale studies in this area.AIM To investigate the factors related to the hospitalization costs of fall-related injuries in elderly inpatients and establish factor-based,cost-related groupings.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted.Patient information and cost data for elderly inpatients(age≥60 years,n=3362)who were hospitalized between 2016 and 2019 due to falls was collected from the medical record systems of two grade-A tertiary hospitals in China.Quantile regression(QR)analysis was used to identify the factors related to fall-related hospitalization costs.A decision tree model based on the chi-squared automatic interaction detector algorithm for hospitalization cost grouping was built by setting the factors in the regression results as separation nodes.RESULTS The total hospitalization cost of fall-related injuries in the included elderly patients was 180479203.03 RMB,and the reimbursement rate of medical benefit funds was 51.0%(92039709.52 RMB/180479203.03 RMB).The medical material costs were the highest component of the total hospitalization cost,followed(in order)by drug costs,test costs,treatment costs,integrated medical service costs and blood transfusion costs The QR results showed that patient age,gender,length of hospital stay,payment method,wound position,wound type,operation times and operation type significantly influenced the inpatient cost(P<0.05).The cost grouping model was established based on the QR results,and age,length of stay,operation type,wound position and wound type were the most important influencing factors in the model.Furthermore,the cost of each combination varied significantly.CONCLUSION Our grouping model of hospitalization costs clearly reflected the key factors affecting hospitalization costs and can be used to strengthen the reasonable control of these costs.
基金supported by the Joint Medical project of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission (No. 2020MSXM077)the Nursing Development project of Chinese Medical Association (No. CMAPH-NRD2021004)
文摘Objective:To explore the current development and challenges regarding mobile medical applications(mmAPPs),so as to provide reference for application function elevation and quality improvement.Methods:We retrieved literature databases like Web of Science,PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang,China Biomedical Network,time limit was from January 1,2010 to December 31,2021,and restricted to the Chinese or English language.Results:This study concluded with the following six aspects:Domestic and foreign development of mmAPP,reminder function,barriers and challenges(low quality;slow update rate;lack of standard evaluation tool or criterion),privacy and safety concerns,adverse drug event report state(low report rate-related reasons,different countries’report policies),and current hindrances in the progression(economic worries;personal education level;acceptance and study of technology;rural districts,and low-income countries).Conclusions:We should focus on the application’s quality elevation rather than quantity,pay more attention to patients’adverse drug event reports,privacy and safety,and place emphasis on rural districts and low-income countries.
基金support was provided by NSFC(61522507,11404264,61377035,11634010)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2016JQ6004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102017jc01001).
文摘We demonstrate the first achievement of continuous-wave(CW)pumped second harmonic generation(SHG)in few-and monolayer gallium selenide(GaSe)flakes,which are coated on silicon photonic crystal(PC)cavities.Because of ultrahigh second order nonlinearity of the two-dimensional(2D)GaSe and localized resonant mode in the PC cavity,SHG’s pump power is greatly reduced to microwatts.In a nine-layer GaSe coated PC cavity,while the optical power inside the GaSe flake is only 1.5%of that in the silicon PC slab,the SHG in GaSe is more than 650 times stronger than the third harmonic generation in silicon slab,indicating 2D GaSe’s great potentials to strengthen nonlinear processes in silicon photonics.Our study opens up a new view to expand 2D materials’optoelectronic applications in nonlinear regime and chip-integrated active devices.
