Dietary Modulation of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Secretion:insights and innovations

Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1),a signal peptide hormone produced by enteroendocrine L cells from the distal small intestine and colon,is a crucial regulator of glycemic control,gastric emptying,satiety,and body weight.Recent advancements in understanding the dietary modulation of GLP-1 through enteroendocrine L-cells have highlighted the potential of various nutrients in enhancing its endogenous secretion.This review summarizes the current knowledge on food-derived molecules,including macronutrients,polyphenols,other chemicals,and bacterial products,that can modulate GLP-1 production.It explores the efficacy and impact of various treatments and the involved signaling pathways,aiming to contribute to developing innovative strategies for enhancing endogenous GLP-1 release.

汽车进气格栅多目标优化设计（英文）

基于kriging模型和NSGA-Ⅱ算法,采用多目标优化设计的方法研究了进气格栅对汽车气动性能和发动机舱散热性能的影响,并通过数据挖掘技术研究设计变量与目标函数间的影响机制。进气格栅优化变量有3个:格栅倾角、格栅条数量和格栅条宽度。优化目标为汽车的气动阻力系数、气动升力系数以及进入发动机舱的气流质量流量。通过总变差分析和自组织映射图分析,得出了各设计变量对不同目标的影响程度以及变量与目标之间和目标与目标之间的相互关系。最后对比分析了优化后的模型和原始模型的气动性能和发动机舱散热性能。

Monitoring of velocity changes based on seismic ambient noise: A brief review and perspective

Over the past two decades,the development of the ambient noise cross-correlation technology has spawned the exploration of underground structures.In addition,ambient noise-based monitoring has emerged because of the feasibility of reconstructing the continuous Green’s functions.Investigating the physical properties of a subsurface medium by tracking changes in seismic wave velocity that do not depend on the occurrence of earthquakes or the continuity of artificial sources dramatically increases the possibility of researching the evolution of crustal deformation.In this article,we outline some state-of-the-art techniques for noise-based monitoring,including moving-window cross-spectral analysis,the stretching method,dynamic time wrapping,wavelet cross-spectrum analysis,and a combination of these measurement methods,with either a Bayesian least-squares inversion or the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method.We briefly state the principles underlying the different methods and their pros and cons.By elaborating on some typical noisebased monitoring applications,we show how this technique can be widely applied in different scenarios and adapted to multiples scales.We list classical applications,such as following earthquake-related co-and postseismic velocity changes,forecasting volcanic eruptions,and tracking external environmental forcing-generated transient changes.By monitoring cases having different targets at different scales,we point out the applicability of this technology for disaster prediction and early warning of small-scale reservoirs,landslides,and so forth.Finally,we conclude with some possible developments of noise-based monitoring at present and summarize some prospective research directions.To improve the temporal and spatial resolution of passive-source noise monitoring,we propose integrating different methods and seismic sources.Further interdisciplinary collaboration is indispensable for comprehensively interpreting the observed changes.

Efficacy and safety of intravitreal HLX04-O,an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody,for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration

·AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of HLX04-O,an investigational ophthalmic formulation of HLX04(bevacizumab biosimilar)for intravitreal injection,as a treatment for wet age-related macular degeneration(wAMD)in a phase 1/2 clinical trial(NCT04993352).·METHODS:Eligible patients with wAMD were enrolled to receive HLX04-O intravitreal injections at a dose of1.25 mg/0.05 mL every four weeks.Efficacy and adverse events were evaluated every month during study visits.·RESULTS:A 76-year-old male with wAMD in his left eye participated in the trial and completed six cycles of HLX04-O intravitreal injections.Changes were observed in macular center point thickness(baseline vs last study visit,437 vs 255μm)and best-corrected visual acuity letter score(baseline vs last study visit,36 vs 77)of the affected eye,which indicated an improvement in wAMD over treatment.No adverse events were reported by the data cutoff date.·CONCLUSION:HLX04-O at 1.25 mg/0.05 mL every four weeks is well tolerated in this patient,demonstrating promising safety and efficacy in wAMD treatment.Largescale studies are required to confirm the outcomes.

Congenital dysfibrinogenemia misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated as acute fatty liver in pregnancy:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to report the rare case of a pregnant woman with congenital dysfibrinogenemia(CD)misdiagnosed as acute fatty liver.She was treated according to the principles of acute fatty liver but achieved good clinical results.CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old woman presented with 39(6/7)wk of menopause and 6 h of irregular abdominal pain and attended our hospital.Emergency surgery was performed due to fetal distress.Postoperative management followed the treatment principle of acute fatty liver.DNA sequencing was carried out on the pregnant woman and her pedigree.Coagulation values of the patient on admission were prothrombin time 33.7 s,activated partial thromboplastin time 60.4 s,thrombin time 45.2 s,and fibrinogen 0.60 g/L.DNA sequencing results showed that the woman carried a pathogenic heterozygous variation of the fibrinogen alpha chain gene(FGA),which is closely related to hereditary fibrinogen abnormality,and the mutation site was located in p.R350H.After a follow-up period of 12 mo,the mother and her newborn had a good prognosis without bleeding or thrombosis.CONCLUSION Pregnant women with CD may have atypical symptoms,which can easily lead to misdiagnosis.In addition,treatment can be attempted according to the principles of acute fatty liver management.This rare pregnant patient with CD was caused by a novel FGA(p.R350H)gene mutation.

Mechanical strain triggering flux jumps of multi-filamentary Nb_(3)Sn wires

The composite multi‐filamentary Nb_(3)Sn wire with a high critical current density is a preferred option for fabricating the superconducting magnet beyond the limit of NbTi wire(9–16 T).However,one crucial issue stems from the fact that electromagnetic force in superconducting coils is very strong,and the critical physical properties of Nb_(3)Sn,such as Jc,are more sensitive to mechanical strain than those of other possible low‐temperature superconductors.We theoretically investigated the impact of mechanical strain on the thermomagnetic instabilities such as the flux jump(FJ)and quenching of Nb_(3)Sn wire exposed to a static magnetic field and transport current.The good agreements with H formulation or H‐φformulation implemented on COMSOL software confirm the validity of our numerical simulations using home‐made codes.It is discovered that mechanical strain can trigger flux jumps even in a static magnetic field.Furthermore,the threshold value of mechanical strain to trigger the first flux jump is a monotonic function of the static magnetic field in the case of high transport currents,while it is a non‐monotonic function in the case of low transport currents.It is attributed to the fact that flux can be released by the mechanical strain,causing smooth flux penetration before triggering the flux jump.We also present the stable/unstable regions by applying mechanical strain by varying transport current,magnetic field,and working temperature,which helps in avoiding thermomagnetic instabilities while designing the superconducting magnet.