两段旋流电积法提纯粗铟

采用两段旋流电积工艺对粗铟进行提纯。根据线性扫描伏安法(LSV)研究结果及对扩散系数(D=6.15×10^(-11)cm^(2)·s^(-1))的评估可知,硫酸铟溶液中铟电沉积是受扩散控制的不可逆过程,可通过加强电解质流动强化液相传质。在第一段旋流电积提纯粗铟的最佳工艺条件下,电流效率达80.15%,单位能耗为2.11 kW·h/kg,平均槽电压为2.04 V,粗铟纯度由94.34%提升至99.95%。在第二段旋流电积提纯粗铟的最佳工艺条件下,电流效率为75.23%,单位能耗为2.23 kW·h/kg,平均槽电压为2.40 V,产品纯度为98.95%。经过二段旋流电积后,铟综合回收率高达98.22%。

熔渣中金属液滴沉降过程流体力学模拟

建立熔炼渣中金属液滴沉降过程的数学模型,研究不同粘性模型下金属/熔渣界面张力对液滴沉降速度以及拖曳力的影响。结果表明:对于较小直径的液滴,Laminar模型和RNG k-ε湍流模型能够准确预测液滴最终沉降速度;界面张力对液滴沉降速度有影响,且影响作用随着液滴尺寸增大而逐渐增大;“RNG+CSS”模型可以准确描述液滴沉降过程和液滴沉降速度的变化。结合数学模型和实验数据,推导出耦合界面张力作用下拖曳力系数计算公式。该模型揭示熔炼渣中金属液滴沉降过程机理,为实际生产中降低渣中有价金属含量提供理论指导。

硫化还原法协同回收铜冶炼渣中的铜、铅和锌

采用硫化还原法从铜冶炼渣中协同回收铜、铅和锌。以黄铁矿为硫化剂,在还原气氛下选择性硫化回收渣中有价金属。通过热力学分析和实验,确定该工艺的可行性和可靠性。确定了最佳的实验条件:硫化剂黄铁矿添加量为铜冶炼渣质量的26%,焦炭添加量为铜冶炼渣总质量的6%,温度1350℃,熔炼时间3h。在优化条件下,铜、铅和锌回收率分别为97.58%、89.91%和98.20%。清洁渣中铜、铅和锌含量分别为0.10%、0.01%和0.38%。铜锍相含铜7.28%,锌在气相、渣相和铜锍相中的分布比例分别为80.93%、10.09%和8.98%,铅在气相、渣相和铜锍相的分布比例分别为40.12%、1.79%和58.09%。铜锍相主要由Cu_(8)S_(5)、FeS和Cu、Pb、Fe等金属组成,渣中Fe_(3)O_(4)含量由19.50%降至2.97%。

五价锑离子与氯离子配位稳定常数测定及Sb−S−Cl−H2O体系热力学

测定五价锑离子与氯离子的配位常数,并进行Sb−S−Cl−H2O体系的热力学研究。采用分光光度法进行配位稳定常数的测定,在一定波长(380 nm)下测定含五价锑离子溶液在不同氯离子条件下的光度值,通过理论计算得到五价锑离子与氯离子的配位稳定常数。配位稳定常数以10为底的对数函数值分别为1.795、3.150、4.191、4.955、5.427和5.511,填补了锑湿法冶金中的部分数据空白。结合配位稳定常数,通过热力学计算研究五价锑离子的赋存形式和分布规律,并将锑离子与氯离子配位行为的影响带入Sb−S−Cl−H2O体系进行热力学研究,得到复合电位−pH图。

具有可控粒径和形貌超细银粉的合成（英文）

以阿拉伯树胶为分散剂,采用液相还原法制备超细银粉。探讨分散剂种类、p H值和温度对银粉形貌和粒径的影响。研究表明,阿拉伯树胶通过化学吸附作用可以更好地吸附在银粒子表面,且比其他分散剂具有更好的分散作用。通过调节p H值,银粉的粒径可在0.34~4.09μm的范围内调节;通过改变反应温度可以控制银粉的表面形貌。在21.8~70°C的温度范围内,可成功制备振实密度大于4.0 g/cm^3的银粉。在50°C的最优温度下,银粉的振实密度大于5.0 g/cm^3。该合成方法具有条件温和、银浓度高的优点,是一种合成用于电子浆料的高品质银粉的有前景的方法。

高钛渣还原的氢化钛合金粉一步烧结制备高强钛合金

提出一种直接利用高钛渣制备高强钛合金的方法。先用镁粉还原高钛渣制备氧含量为1.3%(质量分数)的合金粉末,再将合金粉末在600 MPa压力下压制成小圆柱体,最后在氩气下烧结成钛合金产品。对还原粉末进行表征,研究烧结温度对烧结合金的烧后密度、抗压强度、显微组织和硬度的影响。结果表明,随着烧结温度由900℃升高至1200℃,钛合金的密度增加,孔隙率降低,实现较好的烧结致密化(1100℃为98.65%,1200℃为99.41%),在1100℃时硬度达到HV 655.7,压缩强度为1563 MPa。

Effects of acupuncturing Tsusanli (S_T36) on expression of nitric oxide synthase in hypothalamus and adrenal gland in rats with cold stress ulcer

AIM: To study the protective effect of acupuncturing Tsusanli (ST36) on cold stress ulcer, and the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in hypothalamus and adrenal gland.METHODS: Ulcer index in rats and RT-PCR were used to study the protective effect of acupuncture on cold stress ulcer, and the expression of NOS in hypothalamus and adrenal gland. Images were analyzed with semi-quantitative method.RESULTS: The ulcer index significantly decreased in rats with stress ulcer. Plasma cortisol concentration was up regulated during cold stress, which could be depressed by pre-acupuncture. The expression of NOS1 in hypothalamus increased after acupuncture. The increased expression of NO$2 was related with stress ulcer, which could be decreased by acupuncture. The expression of NOS3 in hypothalamus was similar to NOS2, but the effect of acupuncture was limited. The expression of NOS2 and NOS3 in adrenal gland increased after cold stress, only the expression of NOS1 could be repressed with acupuncture. There was no NOS2 expression in adrenal gland in rats with stress ulcer.CONCLUSION: The protective effect of acupuncturing Tsusanli (Sr36) on the expression of NOS in hypothalamus and adrenal gland can be achieved.

富铅锑含砷烟尘中砷的选择性脱除（英文）

开展碱性体系选择性脱除富铅锑含砷烟尘中砷的研究,分别考察Na OH浓度、温度、浸出时间、液固比、元素硫对砷、锑、铅溶解的影响。结果表明,砷浸出过程中,元素硫的存在可以有效抑制铅和锑浸出。原料中的Sb2O3、As2O3和Pb5(As O4)3OH转化为NaSb(OH)6和PbS,存在于渣中,砷以砷(Ⅲ)或砷(Ⅴ)离子的形式溶于浸出液中。在最优条件下,砷的浸出效率可达99.84%;97.82%锑和99.97%铅留在渣中,浸出渣中砷的含量低于0.1%。提出一种氢氧化钠体系添加元素硫在选择性脱除含砷烟尘中砷后潜在回收铅、锑的新途径。

Relationship between copper content of slag and matte in the SKS copper smelting process

In the newly developed oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing copper smelting process(also known as the SKS copper smelting process), Cu loss in slag is one of the most concerning issues. This paper presents our research results concerning the relationship between the Cu content of the matte and slag in the SKS process; the results are based on actual industrial production in the Dongying Fangyuan copper smelter. The results show that the matte grade strongly influences Cu losses in slag. The dissolved and entrained losses account for 10%–20% and 80%–90% of the total SKS industrial Cu losses in slag, respectively. With increasing matte grade, the dissolved and entrained Cu losses in the SKS slag both increase continuously. When the matte grade is greater than 68%, the content of Cu in the smelting slag increases much more dramatically. To obtain a high direct recovery of copper, the matte grade should be less than 75% in industrial SKS copper production.

Acupuncture therapy for experimental stomach ulcer and c-Fos expression in rats

AIM: To determine the role of acupuncture therapy in treating experimental gastric ulcer in rats.METHODS: Twenty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (pre-acupuncture group; acupuncture group; paradistance-acupuncture group;and control group), and pre-acupuncture, paradistanceacupuncture, and control groups received 5 μL acetic acid (200 mL/L HAc) injection after a same course of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment (4 Hz, 0.6 mA, 0.45 ms,45 min for 4 d). The rats in these three groups recovered within 4 d. The acupuncture group received EA therapy for 4 d, after HAc injection. The stomach was dissected to compare the pathological structures of ulcer. Also c-Fos activation in the nuclei of solitary tract (NTS) was observed under microscope after regular immunohistochemistry staining of brain stem sections.RESULTS: The number of ulcers was different among the four groups, especially between control group and paradistance-acupuncture group or pre-acupuncture group. In the latter group, the number of ulcers was much less. The gastric ulcer area was consistent with the histopathological results, indicating that pre-acupuncture had an obvious therapeutic effect on gastric ulcers.Acupuncture had a very modest effect and paradistanceacupuncture had no effect on gastric ulcers. No therapeutic effect was found in the control group. Fos-Li neurons in NTS induced by noxious gastric ulcer showed a significant difference between pre-acupuncture and control groups.CONCLUSION: Acupuncture before ulceration can obviously alleviate ulcer. The production of c-Fos proves that the vagus nerve mediates the induction of c-Fos in nuclei of solitary tract following experimental ulceration,suggesting that parasympathetic afferents promote the process of noxious visceral stimulation.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of malignant vertebral compression fractures with epidural involvement

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and the clinical efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) in treating malignant spinal tumors and malignant vertebral compression fractures with epidural involvement. Materials and methods: 43 patients with spinal metastatic tumors and malignant vertebral compression fractures with epidural involvement were treated using PVP. American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA) impairment scale results at presentation were used to divide patients into 2 groups. Patients in group A had no symptoms of neurological compression(n = 25); and patients in group B had symptoms of neurological compression(n = 28). A 13 G bone puncture needle was placed across the pedicle of the fractured vertebra, and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) was injected into the fractured vertebral body under fluoroscopic control. Patients were seen in follow-up at 1, 3, and 6 months after the procedure and every six months thereafter. Results: PVP was technically successful and well-tolerated in all patients. Clinical assessment at the final follow-up found complete pain relief(n = 19) or good pain relief(n = 14) in 33 patients(62.3%, 95% CI: 49%, 76%). ASIA impairment scale assessment at the final follow-up demonstrated symptoms of neurologic compression in 31 patients and no symptoms of neurologic compression in 22 patients. Symptoms of neurologic compression were found in five group A patients and eight group B patients. Conclusions: PVP was a safe and moderately effective procedure in the treatment of malignant vertebral compression fractures with epidural involvement.

Application of response surface methodology in optimizaing thesulfation-roasting-leaching process of nickel laterite

Nickel was recovered from nickel laterite using a sulfation-roasting-leaching process and the effects of operation parameters in- cluding acid addition, roasting temperature, and roasting time on nickel extraction and iron dissolution were investigated using response sur- face methodology （RSM）. Two second-order polynomial models of high significance were presented to show the relationship between the responses and the variables. The analysis of variance （ANOVA） showed high coefficients of determination （R2） of 0.894 and 0.980 for the two models, respectively. Optimum areas of 〉-80% Ni extraction and 〈5% Fe dissolution were obtained by the overlaid contours. Verification experiments in the optimum areas were conducted and the results indicate a close agreement with the predicted values obtained from the models.

利用液态锌从镍基高温合金中一步选择性提取镍

采用熔融锌处理镍基高温合金并选择性地提取镍。研究加热温度、加热时间、锌与高温合金的质量比等因素对高温合金中金属提取率的影响。在加热温度为850℃,加热时间为4 h,锌/高温合金的质量比为10:1的最优条件下,镍的提取率为95.2%,铁的提取率为55.4%,铬的提取率为30.4%,而难熔金属(钛、钼、铌)的提取率较低。在后续的真空蒸馏过程中,蒸馏后得到的镍合金中含有73.5%的镍(质量分数)。此外,蒸馏得到99.9%的锌(质量分数)。研究结果表明,从镍基高温合金废料中直接提取镍是可行的。

黑钨精矿碱浸渣理化与环境特性及有价金属回收工艺

采用XRD、SEM−EDS、化学物相分析、MLA和TG−DSC等方法研究黑钨精矿碱性浸出渣的理化特性和矿物学特性,并采用批次浸出实验、毒性浸出程序(TCLP)实验、国家标准毒性浸出测试(CSLT)分析浸出渣毒性元素的环境释放特性。结果表明,浸出渣中W、Fe、Mn、Sn、Nb等有价金属含量高,具有很高的资源价值,同时也含有高含量毒性元素As。有价金属矿物主要以单体形式存在,但由于矿物性质,难以通过常规酸浸工艺提取有价金属。浸出渣中As向环境的释放量随时间增长而增加。TCLP结果表明,所有毒性元素浸出浓度均未超标;而CSLT结果表明,As浸出浓度超过国家标准限值4倍以上。因此,该浸出渣被列为危险固体废物。提出一种从浸出渣中回收有价金属的工艺。实验结果表明,采用该工艺可有效回收浸出渣中的有价金属。

Recovery of gold from refractory gold ores: Effect of pyrite on the stability of the thiourea leaching system

The extraction of gold from refractory gold ores(RGOs)without side reactions is an extremely promising endeavor.However,most RGOs contain large amounts of sulfide,such as pyrite.Thus,investigation of the influence of sulfide on the gold leaching process is important to maximize the utilization of RGOs.In this work,the effects of pyrite on the stability of the thiourea system were systematically investigated under different conditions.Results showed that the decomposition rate of thiourea was accelerated sharply in the presence of pyrite.The effect of pyrite on gold recovery in thiourea leaching systems was then confirmed via a series of experiments.The decomposition efficiency of thiourea decreased by 40%and the recovery efficiency of gold increased by 56%after the removal of sulfide by roasting.Under optimal conditions,the efficiency of the gold recovery system increased to 83.69%and only 57.92%of thiourea decomposition was observed.The high consumption of thiourea by the leaching system may be attributed to not only adsorption by mineral particles but also catalytic decomposition by some impurities in the ores,such as pyrite and soluble ferric oxide.

铜复杂资源熔炼过程中杂质锑脱除的热力学模拟

研究铜冶炼过程Sb的反应机理,分析Sb在4种典型铜冶炼工艺中多相分配差异。建立富氧底吹铜冶炼工艺的多相平衡模型,研究原料中Cu、S和Sb含量对Sb多相分配比的影响。同时,应用该模型研究铜锍品位、富氧浓度、熔炼温度和氧矿比(标准状态下氧气流量与精矿加料速率之比)等工艺参数对Sb分配行为的影响。结果 表明,计算数据与实际生产结果和文献数据吻合良好。提高精矿中Cu含量、降低S和Sb含量,提高铜锍品位、富氧浓度和氧矿比,同时适当降低冶炼温度,有利于Sb向炉渣中定向富集。模拟结果可为复杂资源清洁高效处理及伴生元素综合回收提供理论指导。

Reducing structural degradation of high-voltage single-crystal Ni-rich cathode through in situ doping strategy

Polycrystalline Ni-rich layered oxide (Li Ni_(x)Co_(y)Mn_zO_(2)(NCM),x>0.8) cathode material with high specific capacity and low cost is considered as one of the most promising candidate materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).However,it suffers from severe structural and capacity degradation during practical cycling,especially under harsh operation condition(ultrahigh cutoff voltage and elevated temperature,etc.).One promising approach to mitigate these issues is to develop a single-crystal Ni-rich NCM cathode,which could enhance structural integrity and improve capacity retention,due to its robust and stable micro-sized primary particles.However,the improved cyclic stability comes at the expense of reversible capacity and rate capability,owing to the relatively low Li^(+) diffusion efficiency for its micron-sized primary particles.Moreover,the structural degradation and exacerbation of interfacial reactions for the Ni-rich NCM cathode under highvoltage (≥4.5 V) would quickly trigger the poor electrochemical performance,limiting its practical applications.Herein,Li Ni_(0.827)Co_(0.11)Zr_(0.003)Mn_(0.06)O_(2)(Zr@SC-N_(83)) cathode material was successfully synthesized via the in situ doping strategy.It could not only effectively maintain the reversibility of phase transition between H2 and H3 after long-term cycling at high voltage (4.6 V),but also enhance lithium-ion diffusion,thus improving the cycling performance and good rate performance for the Zr@SC-N_(83)cathode.As a result,0.3 wt%Zrdoping cathode delivers an initial discharging capacity of 200.1 m Ah·g^(-1)at 1.0C and at the high cutoff voltage of 4.6 V,exhibiting the satisfactory capacity retention of 85.5%after 100cycles.It provides an effective route toward low-cost and higher energy density for lithium-ion batteries with Ni-rich cathode.

Adsorption of Re(Ⅶ) by coated solvent-impregnated resins containing Alamine 304-1 from sulfuric acid solutions

The recovery of rhenium from waste acid is an urgent issue due to low rhenium concentration and high sulfuric acidity.To solve the problem,novel coated solvent-impregnated resins consisting of inert resins LS-300,Alamine 304-1 and the PVA film(304-CSIRs)were prepared for the separation of Re(Ⅶ)from high sulfuric acid solutions.It was shown that the PVA film coated completely on the surfaces of LS-300 resins with a thickness of 5μm,and Alamine 304-1 distributed completely inside the porous of LS-300 resins.The adsorption fitted well with Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model with the saturation adsorption capacity of139.40 mg·g-1.The maximum separation factor of Re(Ⅶ)versus Cu(Ⅱ)was up to 483,and 304-CSIRs had no adsorptions for As(V).The adsorption capacity of Re(Ⅶ)onto 304-CSIRs maintained in 97.79%at the fifth adsorption-desorption cycle.99.87%of rhenium was recovered by 304-CSIRs from waste acid generated from a copper smelter.

Tungsten and arsenic substance flow analysis of a hydrometallurgical process for tungsten extracting from wolframite

In this study,the metabolism of a hydrometallurgical process for tungsten extracting from wolframite was studied through substance flow analysis.The mass balance accounts,substance flow charts of tungsten and arsenic were established to evaluate the metabolism efficiency of the investigated system.The results showed that,the total tungsten resource efficiency of the system was 97.56%,and the tungsten recovery of unit process autoclaved alkali leaching,ion exchange,Mo removing,concentration and crystallization was 98.16%,98.94%,99.71%,99.89%,respectively.Meanwhile,for extracting 1 ton of tungsten into the qualified ammonium paratungstate,10.0414 kg of arsenic was carried into the system,with the generation of 7.2801 kg of arsenic in alkali leaching residue,1.5067 kg of tungsten in arsenic waste residue,and 1.2312 kg of tungsten in Mo residue.Besides,7.9 g of arsenic was discharged into nature environment with waste water,15.5 g of arsenic was entrained into the final APT.The distribution and transformation behaviors of arsenic during production were analyzed through phases change analysis,and some recommendations for improving the resource efficiency of tungsten and pollution control during production were also proposed based on the substance flow analysis in this study.