The effectiveness and safety of HuangQiXiXin decoction for cough variant asthma:protocol for a systematic review

Objective:A comprehensive and updated systematic review is needed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HuangQiXiXin decoction(HQXXD)for cough variant asthma(CVA).The aim of this systematic review protocol is to comprehensively assess the effectiveness and safety of HQXXD for CVA.Methods:An overall search for studies in main English and Chinese electronic databases from their inception to January 2021 will be performed.Randomized controlled trials regarding HQXXD for CVA will be included.We will use RevMan 5.3 software to perform statistical analysis and meta-analysis.Results:The findings of this systematic review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.Conclusion:The systematic review will provide more evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of HQXXD for CVA.

Smart phosphorescence from solid to water through progressive assembly strategy based on dual phosphorescent sources

Developing smart room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)materials with facile and efficient strategies have attracted increasing attention.Herein,tunable RTP materials with two phosphorescent sources and stepwise enhanced phosphorescence in water are obtained through an in-situ self-assembly strategy based on the sensitization of phosphors by trimesic acid(TMA)through simple doping and the rigidification of phosphors by hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs).As expected,doped TMA+phosphors simultaneously promote the RTP emission of phosphors and maintain TMA phosphorescence.In-situ assembled HOF(MATMA)@phosphors facilitate smart RTP emission in water due to the coexistence of phosphorescent HOF(MA-TMA)host and phosphors guest.Additionally,such RTP materials with good processability demonstrate the application potential in information security,benefitting from their varied afterglow lifetimes and easy luminous recognition in the darkness.This work will inspire the design of dual phosphorescent source RTP systems and provide new strategies for the development of smart RTP materials in water.

Construction of potential idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis related microRNA and messenger RNA regulatory network

To the Editor:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is a kind of lung disease characterized by chronic and progressive pulmonary fibrosis with unknown etiology,whose pathological manifestation is usual interstitial pneumonia.111 However,the prognosis of IPF was still poor,and the median survival time after diagnosis was about 2 to 3 years Therefore,it seems important to seek and develop an effective therapeutic modality for IPF.Through base pairs of intramolecular complementary sequences of messenger RNA(mRNA),microRNA(miRNA)plays a key role in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional gene expression regulation.

All-trans-retinoic acid generation is an antidotal clearance pathway for all-trans-retinal in the retina

The present study was designed to analyze the metabolites of all-trans-retinal(atRal) and compare the cytotoxicity of atRal versus its derivative all-trans-retinoic acid(atRA) in human retinal pigment epithelial(RPE) cells. We confirmed that atRA was produced in normal pig neural retina and RPE. The amount of all-trans-retinol(atROL) converted from atRal was about 2.7 times that of atRal-derived atRA after incubating RPE cells with 10 μmol/L atRal for 24 h, whereas atRA in medium supernatant is more plentiful(91 vs. 29 pmol/mL), suggesting that atRA conversion ? facilitates elimination of excess atRal in the retina. Moreover, we found that mRNA expression of retinoic acid-specific hydroxylase CYP26 b1 was dose-dependently up-regulated by atRal exposure in RPE cells, indicating that atRA inactivation may be also initiated in atRal-accumulated RPE cells. Our data show that atRA-caused viability inhibition was evidently reduced compared with the equal concentration of its precursor atRal. Excess accumulation of atRal provoked intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) overproduction, heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) expression, and increased cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1(PARP1) expression in RPE cells. In contrast, comparable dosage of atRA-induced oxidative stress was much weaker, and it could not activate apoptosis in RPE cells. These results suggest that atRA generation is an antidotal metabolism pathway for atRal in the retina. Moreover, we found that in the eyes of ABCA4-/-RDH8-/-mice, a mouse model with atRal accumulation in the retina, the atRA content was almost the same as that in the wild type. It is possible that atRal accumulation simultaneously and equally promotes atRA synthesis and clearance in eyes of ABCA4-/-RDH8-/-mice, thus inhibiting the further increase of atRA in the retina. Our present study provides further insights into atRal clearance in the retina.