Advancement and prospects of tumor gene therapy

Gene therapy is one of the most attractive fields in tumor therapy. In past decades, significant progress has been achieved. Various approaches, such as viral and non-viral vectors and physical methods, have been developed to make gene delivery safer and more efficient. Several therapeutic strategies have evolved, including gene-based (tumor suppressor genes, suicide genes, antiangiogenic genes, cytokine and oxidative stress-based genes) and RNA-based (antisense oligonucleotides and RNA interference) approaches. In addition, immune response-based strategies (dendritic cell- and T cell-based therapy) are also under investigation in tumor gene therapy. This review highlights the progress and recent developments in gene delivery systems, therapeutic strategies, and possible clinical directions for gene therapy.

Interactive effects of porosity and microstructure on strength of 6063 aluminum alloy CMT MIX + Synchropulse welded joint

The porosity, pore size and softening of 6063 aluminum alloy CMT MIX + Synchropulse welded joint with different welding speeds were studied. The results show that with the increase of welding speed(from 55 to 65 cm/min), the porosity increases dramatically(from 0.1% to 3.9%) and large pores(341.1 μm) appear. The pore size distributions are mainly concentrated at 87.8 and 20.6 μm in the joints produced from weld speeds of 65 and 55 cm/min, respectively. The dissolution and transformation of the β′′ phase in the base metal(BM) result in a significant softening of both the fusion zone and heat-affected zone, and the latter was more serious. The effects of welding speed on the average tensile strength of the full penetration welded joints are minor, which was about 155 MPa(67.4% that of the BM).

Contact dynamics of elasto-plastic thin beams simulated via absolute nodal coordinate formulation

Under the frame of multibody dynamics, the contact dynamics of elasto-plastic spatial thin beams is numerically studied by using the spatial thin beam elements of absolute nodal coordinate formulation（ANCF）. The internal force of the elasto-plastic spatial thin beam element is derived under the assumption that the plastic strain of the beam element depends only on its longitudinal deformation.A new body-fixed local coordinate system is introduced into the spatial thin beam element of ANCF for efficient contact detection in the contact dynamics simulation. The linear isotropic hardening constitutive law is used to describe the elasto-plastic deformation of beam material, and the classical return mapping algorithm is adopted to evaluate the plastic strains. A multi-zone contact approach of thin beams previously proposed by the authors is also introduced to detect the multiple contact zones of beams accurately, and the penalty method is used to compute the normal contact force of thin beams in contact. Four numerical examples are given to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed elasto-plastic spatial thin beam element of ANCF for flexible multibody system dynamics.

Proteomic Analysis for Finding Serum Pathogenic Factors and Potential Biomarkers in Multiple Myeloma

Background： Multiple myeloma （MM） is a malignant tumor, which takes the second place in malignant blood disease. The clinical syrnptoms are complicated that make more difficult to diagnose and therapy. Lots of researches locus on the proteins about MM in order to solve those problems. We used proteomic methods to find potential biomarkers in MM patients. Methods： We applied the peptide ligand library beads （PLLBs） to deplete high abundance proteins in serum for finding potential pathogenic factors and biomarkers of MM. Using 1D-Gel-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS）, we identified 789 and 849 unique serum proteins in MM patients and in healthy controls, respectively. Results： Twenty-two proteins were found differentially expressed between the two groups including sernm anayloid A protein, vitamin D-binding protein isoform-1 precursor, plasma kallikrein, and apolipoprotein A-I. Changes of integrin alpha-11 and isoform-1 of multimerin-l were validated with Western blotting. The linkage of the differentially expressed proteins and the pathogenesis pathways of MM were discussed, Conclusions： PLLB combined with 1D-gel-LC-MS/MS analysis is an efficient method to identity differentially expressed proteins in serum from patients with MM.

Nitridation:A simple way to improve the catalytic performance of hierarchical porous ZSM-5 in benzene alkylation with methanol

Nitrided hierarchical porous ZSM-5 was synthesized by nitridation of hierarchical porous ZSM-5 with flowing ammonia at elevated temperature.The samples were characterized by XRD,SEM,Nitrogen sorption isotherms,NH3-TPD and Py-IR,and evaluated in alkylation of benzene and methanol.The result indicated that the high specific surface area of parent ZSM-5 was maintained,while the Bronsted acidity was effectively adjusted by nitridation.Moreover,the high suppression of ethylbenzene was observed on nitrided catalyst and this could be attributed to the decrease of Bronsted acidity which suppressed the methanol to olefins reactions.