铸态Ti-25V-15Cr-0.3Si钛合金静态再结晶过程中的二次相析出位置及显微组织演变（英文）

利用热压缩和热处理实验研究铸态Ti-25V-15Cr-0.3Si钛合金的显微组织演变和二次相析出位置。研究在不同热处理温度和时间下晶粒的平均长宽比、平均面积和尺寸,分析变形量和退火参数对晶粒面积和尺寸的影响。结果表明,晶粒尺寸受变形量和退火时间影响显著,在950°C、变形量为30%、当退火时间从10 min增加至2 h时,晶粒明显长大;而当退火时间为2~4 h时,晶粒长大缓慢。此外,还观察到大量弥散质点以连续的链状存在,显微组织观察和TEM衍射花样分析证实沿着原始晶界析出的弥散质点为Ti_5Si_3相。

Interface-correlated Characteristics of Stainless Steel/Carbon Steel Plate Fabricated by AAWIV and Hot Rolling

Stainless steel （S S）/carbon steel （C S） clad plates were generated by means of the all-around weld of interface and vacuuming （AAWIV） followed by hot rolling, wherein AAWIV was utilized for controlling the interface oxidation during hot rolling. The structure near the interface was analyzed by optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron mi- croscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The mechanical properties of SS/CS clad plates were investigated by tensile and shear as well as bend tests. The SS/CS interface is relatively flat and no visible separation appears. Line scanning analysis shows that diffusion of Cr and Ni from SS to CS and C from CS to SS occurred during bonding. Higher dislocation densities are observed in both layers of parent plates adhering to the interface. The SS/ CS clad plates reveal higher yield, tensile and shear strengths. Both macroscopic delamination at the interface and fracture of base CS as well as intergranular fracture appearance of flyer plate are observed in the tensile test. The shear specimen fails in a ductile manner and the bend specimen tested shows no visible crack at the interface. Taking both interracial structure and mechanical properties into account, the SS/CS clad plates exhibit sound bonding by the process of AAWIV and hot rolling.

Numerical model establishment and verification of cold pilgering on cycle feed rate

A numerical model was established to calculate the cycle feed rate through studying the case of a cold pilger mill with the 304 stainless steel pipe. Firstly, the precise constitutive equation of 304 stainless steel was obtained through nonlinearly fitting the true stress-strain data from unidirectional tensile test. Then, the numerical method to calculate the equivalent deformation was determined according to the plastic deformation feature of the steel tube during cold rolling and the incremental theory. Finally, the cycle feed rate of cold roiled 304 stainless steel pipe was extracted when formulating springback through utilizing above results comprehensively and unloading law. Stress state, metal flow, finished pipe size and distribution of residual stress were obtained by finite element method to calculate the whole rolling process when the cycle feed rate was 10 mm, and the optimized model was verified through finished pipe size.

Hot Rolled Strip Re-reddening Temperature Changing Law during Ultra-fast Cooling

Temperature deviation between surface and the center of hot rolled strip is formed during ultra-fast cooling （UFC）. Surface temperature would rise when temperature deviation goes up to an extent, and strip re-reddening phenomenon will appear. Strip re-reddening affects the stability of strip microstructure, property and temperature control precision. Thus, it is necessary to conduct research on re-reddening temperature changing law to improve strip property and temperature control precision. Strip temperature trends for various strip thicknesses and ultra-fast cooling rates were obtained by numerical calculation method. Re-reddening temperature, temperature deviation between surface and center, and boundary layer position changing law were obtained. By comparison, some conclusions were obtained： UFC re-reddening temperature and laminar cooling （LC） re-reddening temperature were linear to ultra-fast cooling rate respectively. Ultra-fast cooling rate affected UFC re-reddening temperature greatly, but it had little effect on LC re-reddening temperature. Equations which were used to calculate UFC re-reddening temperature, LC re-reddening temperature and maximum temperature deviation were obtained. The position of boundary layer stayed in 1/4 strip thickness.

Modeling of Liquid Level and Bubble Behavior in Vacuum Chamber of RH Process

In the Ruhrstahl-Heraeus （RH） refining process, liquid steel flow pattern in a ladle is controlled by the fluid flow behavior in the vacuum chamber. Potassium chloride solution and NaOH solution saturated with CO2 were respectively used as a tracer to investigate the liquid and gas flow behaviors in the vacuum chamber. Principal compo nent and comparative analysis were made to show the factors controlling mixing and circulation flow rate. The liquid level and bubble behavior in the vacuum chamber greatly affect fluid flow in RH process. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of liquid steel level, gas flow rate, bubble residence time, and gas injection mode on mixing, decarburization, and void fraction. The results indicate that the mixing process can be divided into three regions： the flow rate affected zone, the concentration gradient-affected zone, and their combination. The liquid steel level in the vacuum chamber of 300 mm is a critical point in the decarburization transition. For liquid level lower than 300 mm, liquid steel circulation controls decarburization, while for liquid level higher than 300mm, bubble behavior is the main controlling factor. During the RH process, it is recommended to use the concentrated bubble injection mode for low gas flow rates and the uniform bubble injection mode for high gas flow rates.

Characterization of hot deformation behavior of wear-resistant steel BTWl using processing maps and constitutive equations

In order to predict flow instability of wear-resistant steel BTW1, the hot compressions of wear-resistant steel BTW1 were firstly performed at the temperature of 900-1150 ℃ and at the strain rate of 0.05-15 s-1. Then, the constitutive relation was established based on Arrhenius-type hyperbolic sine equation. The results demonstrated that the flow stress depended on the deformation temperature and strain rate. When the deformation temperature kept constant, the flow stress increased as the strain rate increased. When the strain rate remained constant, the flow stress decreased as the temperature increased. The flow stresses calculated by constitutive equations were in a good agreement with experimental results. The apparent activation energy for deformation in the above processing region was estimated to be 369 kJ tool-1. A processing map could be obtained by the superimposition of an instability map on a power dissipation map. Based on the analysis of processing map and the microstructures, the theological instability regimes of strain rate and temperature for hot deformation of wear-resistant steel BTWl had been identified.

Parameters of cold pilgering of seamless steel tube

As the process parameters of pilger cold-rolled seamless steel tubes are basically based on experience leading to the generation of defects, 304 stainless steel was chosen and the important process parameters including the feed, rotation angle and Q value (the ratio of the length of the deformation section to that of the finishing section) were selected to analyze the effect of different process parameters on the tube forming process and rules. The results show that during the cold rolling process, the rolling force, the equivalent stress of the tube, the residual stress and the springback of the external diameter increased with the increase in the feed rate and the rotation angle and the decrease in Q value. Increasing the feed quantity and decreasing Q value will lead to the decrement in the roundness of the pipe. After comprehensive evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages, a set of optimal parameters are selected to carry out the experiment. The residual stress and the outer diameter of the finished products were measured. The results of the measurement and the numerical simulation results are within reasonable range, and the accuracy of the numerical simulations and the influence of the process parameters on the pilger cold rolling are further verified.