Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is the most serious microvascular complication during the development of diabetes with the characterizations of glomerular basement membrane thickening,mesangial expansion,and glomerular sc...Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is the most serious microvascular complication during the development of diabetes with the characterizations of glomerular basement membrane thickening,mesangial expansion,and glomerular sclerosis,eventually leading to end-stage renal disease.This study aimed to investigate the melioration effect of Codonopisis tangshen Oliv.(COD)on the DKD model,which was established by unilateral nephrectomy(UN)-high fat diet feeding(HFD)combined with streptozotocin(STZ).After the DKD rats were oral treated with COD at a dose of 2.7 mg/kg for 4 consecutive weeks,the blood glucose,lipid metabolism,renal function,inflammatory mediators,and fibrosis-associated proteins were examined.In vivo,the COD administration obviously relieved the weight loss,water intake,and blood glucose;decreased the total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels;and improved the renal function by reducing the expression of serum creatinine,uric acid,and urinary protein compared with the model group.The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor-a,interleukin-1β,and IL-6 were significantly inhibited by COD.Meanwhile,the deposition of collagen fiber was markedly increased,and the protein and mRNA expressions of transforming growth factor-b1 and a-smooth muscle actin were markedly elevated in DKD rats,but they were decreased to some extent after the COD treatment.In conclusion,COD exhibited a protective effect on the UN-HFD feeding combined with STZ-induced DKD model by improving the blood glucose and lipid metabolism,relieving the inflammatory response,and mitigating the renal fibrosis,which provided scientific evidence for its applications in clinic.展开更多
Urbanization causes hydrological change and increases stormwater runoff volumes, leading to flooding, erosion, and the degradation of instream ecosystem health. Best management practices （BMPs）, like detention ponds...Urbanization causes hydrological change and increases stormwater runoff volumes, leading to flooding, erosion, and the degradation of instream ecosystem health. Best management practices （BMPs）, like detention ponds and infiltration trenches, have been widely used to control flood runoff events for the past decade. However, low impact development （LID） options have been proposed as an alternative approach to better mimic the natural flow regime by using decentralized designs to control stormwater runoff at the source, rather than at a centralized location in the watershed. For highly urbanized areas, LID stormwater management practices such as bioretention cells and porous pavements can be used to retrofit existing infrastructure and reduce runoff volumes and peak flows. This paper describes a modeling approach to incorporate these LID practices and the two BMPs of detention ponds and infiltration trenches in an existing hydrological model to estimate the impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the surface runoff. The modeling approach has been used in a parking lot located in Lenexa, Kansas, USA, to predict hydrological performance of BMPs and LID practices. A performance indicator system including the flow duration curve, peak flow frequency exceedance curve, and runoff coefficient have been developed in an attempt to represent impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the entire spectrum of the runoff regime. Results demonstrate that use of these BMPs and LID practices leads to significant stormwater control for small rainfall events and less control for flood events.展开更多
Although many studies have evaluated the impacts of bioretention cell (BRC) design elements on hydrologic performance,few have investigated the roles played by site characteristics and rainfall patterns.The objectives...Although many studies have evaluated the impacts of bioretention cell (BRC) design elements on hydrologic performance,few have investigated the roles played by site characteristics and rainfall patterns.The objectives of this study were to assess the impacts of rainfall and catchments with different characteristics on the hydrologic performance of BRCs and identify important factors in sizing bioretention when hydrologic performance was oriented for the design using a modeling approach.A 10-year record of rainfall data was used to identify the frequency and magnitude of rainfall events.The results showed that although the small and medium rainfall events were dominant they contributed less to the total rainfall depth than the large rainfall events.The ratio of runoff coefficient to imperviousness can be used as an indicator to explain why BRCs perform differently with the same design strategy under the same rainfall events.Rainfall patterns had significant impacts on the hydrologic performance of BRCs by influencing the overflow and underdrain flow.BRCs performed better for rainfall events with a longer duration and lower rainfall intensity because they generated smoother runoff processes into the BRCs.On the basis of these results,the runoff coefficient is suggested for BRC surface design.展开更多
BACKGROUND Two or multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)rarely occur in the same patient.It has been reported that MPMNs are easily misdiagnosed as the recurrence or metastasis of malignancies in clinical practic...BACKGROUND Two or multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)rarely occur in the same patient.It has been reported that MPMNs are easily misdiagnosed as the recurrence or metastasis of malignancies in clinical practice,affecting the choice of treatment for the patients,thereby resulting in the delay of optimal diagnosis.Next generation sequencing(NGS)can be used to distinguish between multiple primary lung cancers and intrapulmonary metastasis,and may distinguish the origin of tumours in different sites of the body.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of 66-year-old woman who suffered from different malignant neoplasms in the rectum and esophageal and gastrointestinal tract.The first neoplasm rectal adenocarcinoma was diagnosed and removed in 2016.The second and third lesions were diagnosed with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma(ESCC)and gastrointestinal stromal tumour(GIST),respectively,in 2019.Nextgeneration whole exome sequencing was performed on the tissue specimens of rectal carcinoma,esophageal cancer,GIST,and white blood cells to investigate the relationship between malignancies at different timeframe and determine whether the ESCC and GIST evolved from the rectal adenocarcinoma.Mutations including v-Ki-ras2-Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog,adenomatosis polyposis coli,and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 were detected in rectal adenocarcinoma sample,mast/stem cell growth factor receptor was detected in GIST tissue,and lysine methyltransferase 2D was detected in ESCC specimen.Overall,ESCC and GIST were not genetically evolved from rectal adenocarcinoma,and this patient did not have a trunk driven clone.CONCLUSION NGS is an effective tool to study clonal evolution of tumours and distinguish between MPMNs and intrapulmonary metastasis.展开更多
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant Numbers 81503376 and 81774213Applied Science and Technology Research Foundation of Guangdong Province Grant Number 2016B020237005+1 种基金College Students Entrepreneurship Training Program of Southern Medical University(201712121083)Scientific Enlightenment Program of Southern Medical University(b1000501).
文摘Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is the most serious microvascular complication during the development of diabetes with the characterizations of glomerular basement membrane thickening,mesangial expansion,and glomerular sclerosis,eventually leading to end-stage renal disease.This study aimed to investigate the melioration effect of Codonopisis tangshen Oliv.(COD)on the DKD model,which was established by unilateral nephrectomy(UN)-high fat diet feeding(HFD)combined with streptozotocin(STZ).After the DKD rats were oral treated with COD at a dose of 2.7 mg/kg for 4 consecutive weeks,the blood glucose,lipid metabolism,renal function,inflammatory mediators,and fibrosis-associated proteins were examined.In vivo,the COD administration obviously relieved the weight loss,water intake,and blood glucose;decreased the total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels;and improved the renal function by reducing the expression of serum creatinine,uric acid,and urinary protein compared with the model group.The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor-a,interleukin-1β,and IL-6 were significantly inhibited by COD.Meanwhile,the deposition of collagen fiber was markedly increased,and the protein and mRNA expressions of transforming growth factor-b1 and a-smooth muscle actin were markedly elevated in DKD rats,but they were decreased to some extent after the COD treatment.In conclusion,COD exhibited a protective effect on the UN-HFD feeding combined with STZ-induced DKD model by improving the blood glucose and lipid metabolism,relieving the inflammatory response,and mitigating the renal fibrosis,which provided scientific evidence for its applications in clinic.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51279064 and 51209090)
文摘Urbanization causes hydrological change and increases stormwater runoff volumes, leading to flooding, erosion, and the degradation of instream ecosystem health. Best management practices （BMPs）, like detention ponds and infiltration trenches, have been widely used to control flood runoff events for the past decade. However, low impact development （LID） options have been proposed as an alternative approach to better mimic the natural flow regime by using decentralized designs to control stormwater runoff at the source, rather than at a centralized location in the watershed. For highly urbanized areas, LID stormwater management practices such as bioretention cells and porous pavements can be used to retrofit existing infrastructure and reduce runoff volumes and peak flows. This paper describes a modeling approach to incorporate these LID practices and the two BMPs of detention ponds and infiltration trenches in an existing hydrological model to estimate the impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the surface runoff. The modeling approach has been used in a parking lot located in Lenexa, Kansas, USA, to predict hydrological performance of BMPs and LID practices. A performance indicator system including the flow duration curve, peak flow frequency exceedance curve, and runoff coefficient have been developed in an attempt to represent impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the entire spectrum of the runoff regime. Results demonstrate that use of these BMPs and LID practices leads to significant stormwater control for small rainfall events and less control for flood events.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grants No.2017YFC0403600 and 2017YFC0403604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.41401038,41501025,and 51579102)
文摘Although many studies have evaluated the impacts of bioretention cell (BRC) design elements on hydrologic performance,few have investigated the roles played by site characteristics and rainfall patterns.The objectives of this study were to assess the impacts of rainfall and catchments with different characteristics on the hydrologic performance of BRCs and identify important factors in sizing bioretention when hydrologic performance was oriented for the design using a modeling approach.A 10-year record of rainfall data was used to identify the frequency and magnitude of rainfall events.The results showed that although the small and medium rainfall events were dominant they contributed less to the total rainfall depth than the large rainfall events.The ratio of runoff coefficient to imperviousness can be used as an indicator to explain why BRCs perform differently with the same design strategy under the same rainfall events.Rainfall patterns had significant impacts on the hydrologic performance of BRCs by influencing the overflow and underdrain flow.BRCs performed better for rainfall events with a longer duration and lower rainfall intensity because they generated smoother runoff processes into the BRCs.On the basis of these results,the runoff coefficient is suggested for BRC surface design.
文摘BACKGROUND Two or multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)rarely occur in the same patient.It has been reported that MPMNs are easily misdiagnosed as the recurrence or metastasis of malignancies in clinical practice,affecting the choice of treatment for the patients,thereby resulting in the delay of optimal diagnosis.Next generation sequencing(NGS)can be used to distinguish between multiple primary lung cancers and intrapulmonary metastasis,and may distinguish the origin of tumours in different sites of the body.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of 66-year-old woman who suffered from different malignant neoplasms in the rectum and esophageal and gastrointestinal tract.The first neoplasm rectal adenocarcinoma was diagnosed and removed in 2016.The second and third lesions were diagnosed with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma(ESCC)and gastrointestinal stromal tumour(GIST),respectively,in 2019.Nextgeneration whole exome sequencing was performed on the tissue specimens of rectal carcinoma,esophageal cancer,GIST,and white blood cells to investigate the relationship between malignancies at different timeframe and determine whether the ESCC and GIST evolved from the rectal adenocarcinoma.Mutations including v-Ki-ras2-Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog,adenomatosis polyposis coli,and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 were detected in rectal adenocarcinoma sample,mast/stem cell growth factor receptor was detected in GIST tissue,and lysine methyltransferase 2D was detected in ESCC specimen.Overall,ESCC and GIST were not genetically evolved from rectal adenocarcinoma,and this patient did not have a trunk driven clone.CONCLUSION NGS is an effective tool to study clonal evolution of tumours and distinguish between MPMNs and intrapulmonary metastasis.
