Foodborne toxin Aflatoxin B_(1)induced glomerular podocyte inflammation through proteolysis of RelA,downregulation of miR-9 and CXCR4/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway

Aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1))is a naturally-occurring mycotoxin and recognized as the most toxic foodborne toxin,particularly causing damages to kidney.Glomerular podocytes are terminally differentiated epithelial cells.AFB_(1)induces podocyte inflammation,proteinuria and renal dysfunction.Studying the mechanism of AFB_(1)-induced podocyte inflammation and murine kidney dysfunction,we detected that AFB_(1)increased ubiquitindependent degradation of the transcription factor RelA through enhanced interaction of RelA with E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif containing 7(TRIM7)in mouse podocyte clone-5(MPC-5)and mouse glomeruli.Reduction of RelA resulted in decreasing microRNA-9(miR-9)and activating the chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4),thioredoxin interacting protein(TXNIP),and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)signaling axis(CXCR4/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway),leading to podocyte inflammation.We also determined that downregulation of miR-9 led to CXCR4 expression and the downstream TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway activation.Overexpression of miR-9 or deletion of CXCR4 suppressed AFB_(1)-induced CXCR4/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway,resulting in alleviating podocyte inflammation and kidney dysfunction.Our findings indicated that ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of RelA,downregulation of miR-9,and activation of CXCR4/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway played an essential role in AFB_(1)-induced glomerular podocyte inflammation.Our study revealed a novel mechanism,via RelA,for the control of AFB_(1)’s nephrotoxicity,leading to an effective protection of food safety and public health.

Effect and mechanism of Irbesartan on occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in rats with myocardial ischemia through connexin43(cx43)

Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers-Irbesartan on occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in rats with myocardial ischemia. Methods: Rats with embryonic cardiomyocytes-H9c2 were randomly divided into control group, ischemia group, Irbesartan group and Irbesartan+ischemia group. The cell viability of rats in each group was tested using MTT. Real-time PCR was employed to detect the expression of connexin43(Cx43) mR NA and western blot to detect the expression of Cx43 and phosphorylated Cx43. SD rats were randomly divided into the sham-operation group(SO), myocardial infarction group(MI), Irbesartan group and MI+ Irbesartan group, with 10 rats in each group. HE staining was employed to observe the change in the pathomorphology of left ventricular tissue and TUNEL method to analyze the cell apoptosis in the tissue. The immunofluorescence was adopted to observe the expression and distribution of Cx43 in the left ventricular myocardium and study the change in the expression of Cx43 in the cardiac muscular tissue at mR NA and protein level. Results: The intervention of Irbesartan in the condition of ischemia indicated the significant decrease in the number of necrotic cells. The expression of Cx43 was significantly decreased under the culture of ischemia(P<0.05), but in the presence of Irbesartan, the expression of Cx43 was increased compared with the ischemia group(P<0.01). The results of WB assay showed the similar trend of change at mRNA level. There was the significant difference in the score of ventricular arerythmia between MI group and SO group(P<0.01). The incidence of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation was significantly increased compared with the one in SO group(P<0.05). There was the significant difference in the overall score between MI+Irbesartan group and MI group(P<0.05). The expression of Cx43 in the cardiac muscular tissue in MI group was significantly decreased(P<0.01 vs SO group). But the expression of Cx43 was increased after the treatment with Irbesartan. Conclusions: Irbesartan can inhibit the injury of H9c2 cardiomyocytes and the decreased expression of Cx43 that are induced by the ischemic myocardial infarction. Irbesartan can also improve the reconstruction of Cx43 in rats with ischemic myocardium to inhibit the myocardial infarction-induced arrhythmias.

Identification of berbamine dihydrochloride from barberry as an anti-adipogenic agent by high-content imaging assay

Objective:Lipid droplet(LD)deposition in adipose tissue is a critical factor leading to metabolic dysfunction.Various herbal medicines in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)are used to treat hyperlipidemia,type 2 diabetes,obesity,and other diseases.The objective of this study was to identify potential anti-adipogenic agents from TCM herbal compounds.Methods:One hundred and twenty compounds were evaluated in terms of their effect on adipocyte differentiation through image-based high content screening.Anti-adipogenic effects of identified hits were further confirmed at various concentrations.In addition,drug-induced liver injury assay was performed with HepG2 cells to test the hepatotoxicity of hit compounds.Results:Berbamine(BBM),a chemical isolated from barberry,and a derivative of BBM,berbamine dihydrochloride(BBMD),reduced LDs formation by more than 50%.Dose-dependent effects were observed and the IC50 values of the two hits,BBM and BBMD,were determined as 1.88 mM and 0.95 mM,respectively.Moreover,BBM induced mild HepG2 cell injury,while its dihydrochloridedBBMD did not exhibit hepatotoxicity within 40 mM.Conclusion:This study demonstrates that BBMD may be a potential therapeutic candidate for disorders associated with elevated LDs accumulation.

Influence of morphine on levels of type Ⅱ inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein in primary hippocampal neurons

BACKGROUND: The pharmacological action of opioid drugs is related to signal transduction of inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein. OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the influence of morphine on levels of type Ⅱ inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein (Gi2 protein) in primary cultured hippocampal neurons at different time points. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized controlled study, which was performed at the Department of Neurobiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between September 2002 and March 2004. MATERIALS: Cerebral hippocampal neurons were obtained from newborn SD rats at 1-2 days of age. Biotin-antibody II-avidin fluorescein isothiocyanate (Avidin-FITC) was purchased from Sigma Company (USA) and the Gi2 protein polyclonal antibody from Santa Cruz Biochemistry Company (USA). METHODS: Seven days after culture, mature hippocampal neurons were randomly divided into six groups: 4-, 8-, 16-, 24-, and 48-hour morphine groups, and a blank control group. Neurons in the morphine groups received morphine (10 μmol/L), which could cause alterations of G-protein mRNA and cAMP expression in the prefrontal cortex. Neurons in the blank control group were given the same volume of saline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gi2 protein levels were detected by an immunofluorescence technique, and were analyzed by the image analytic system with the use of green fluorescence intensity. RESULTS: Gi2 protein levels in hippocampal neurons gradually decreased in the 4-, 8-, 16-, 24-, and 48-hour morphine groups. In particular, Gi2 protein levels in the 16-, 24-, and 48-hour morphine groups were significantly lower than that in the blank control group (P < 0.05-0.01). CONCLUSION: Morphine may decrease Gi2 protein level in primary hippocampal neurons, and the decreasing trend is positively related to morphine-induced time.

Brain regional changes of guanine nucleotide binding protein-inhabitant 2 in acute and chronic morphine-tolerant and-dependent rats

BACKGROUND: Drug addiction involves two main central nervous systems, namely the dopamine and noradrenaline systems. These systems are primarily distributed in five brain regions: the ventral tegmental area, the nucleus accumbens, the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the locus coeruleus. OBJECTIVE: To investigate regional changes of guanine nucleotide binding protein-inhabitant 2 (Gi2) in dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons in brains of morphine-tolerant and -dependent rats. DESIGN, TIME, AND SETTING: A randomized control study was performed at the Department of Neu- robiology in the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA (Shanghai, China) between September 2002 and March 2004. MATERIALS: Thirty-six, healthy, male, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish morphine-dependent models. Morphine hydrochloride was a product of Shenyang First Pharmaceutical Factory (China); naloxone hydrochloride was a product of Beijing Four-Ring Pharmaceutical Factory (China); and α subunit of Gi2 antibody was offered by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc (USA). METHODS: Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6): (1) acute mor- phine-dependent group, (2) acute abstinent group, (3) acute control group, (4) chronic morphine-dependent group, (5) chronic abstinent group, and (6) chronic control group. Rats in the acute morphine-dependent and the acute groups were injected with morphine (5 mg/kg), one injection every two hours, for a total of eight injections. In the acute and chronic morphine-dependent rat models, morphine withdrawal syndrome was precipitated by an injection of naloxone (5 mg/kg). Rats in the acute control group were given a peritoneal injection of physiological saline at the same administration time as the above two groups. Rats in the chronic morphine-dependent and chronic abstinent groups were injected with morphine three times per day. The administration dose on day 1 was initially 5 mg/kg at 20:00, which increased by 5 mg/kg at 8:00, 12:00, and 20:00 until day 7. On day 13, the dose continuously increased by 10 mg/kg until a chronic mor- phine-dependent rat model was successfully induced. Afterwards, the rats presented with withdrawal syndromes on naloxone (5 mg/kg) at 8:00 on the same day. Rats in the chronic control group were injected with physiological saline at the same time of the two chronic groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The concentration of Gi2 protein in the five brain regions (ventral teg- mental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, locus coeruleus, and hippocampus) was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In the acute morphine-dependent and acute abstinent groups, Gi2 protein concentration was sig- nificantly decreased in the nucleus accumbens, compared to the acute control group (P < 0.01), while no ob- vious changes were detected in other brain regions. In the chronic morphine-dependent and chronic abstinent groups, Gi2 protein concentration was significantly decreased in the nucleus accumbens, but significantly increased in the locus coeruleus (P < 0.01) compared to the chronic control group. CONCLUSION: Morphine dependence and tolerance may induce obvious reductions of Gi2 protein levels in the nucleus accumbens of rats. Chronic morphine dependence desensitizes the homologous neurons.

Towards Incremental Deployment of Diverse Network Architectures on the Internet

In the past decades, many cleanslate future network architectures have gained limited deployment in current Internet, due to the stability and rigidity of TCP/IP, the narrow waist of the Internet. We first propose three principles that the future Internet architecture should obey to be well-defined network architecture, i.e. supporting service innovation and enabling evolvability. By abstracting different modes from TCP/IP network and SDN technology, we argue that the centric-distributed-centric(CDC) mode has great potential for the well-defined future network architecture in which diverse network architectures could be incrementally deployed and coexist with each other. Prototype system regulated by CDC mode was developed. Experimental results reveal that CDC can support diverse architectures to coexist in the current Internet and thus enables the Internet to evolve.

Metabolomic and proteomic responses of Phaeodactylum tricornutum to hypoxia

Diatoms are important contributors to global net primary productivity,and play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon,phosphorus,nitrogen,iron,and silicon.Currently in some regions in the ocean,there’s a trend that carbon content is high while oxygen concentration is low,and the underlying mechanisms of diatoms’response to low oxygen environments are worth investigating.Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model diatom whose genome has been sequenced;it provides a universal molecular toolbox and a stable transgenic expression system.Therefore,the study of the responses of P.tricornutum to low oxygen has not only fundamental research significance but also important ecologic al significance.In this study,growth rates were determined and proteomic analysis and metabolomic analysis were performed to examine P.tricornutum responses under different oxygen concentrations(2%oxygen concentration for hypoxic condition and 21%oxygen concentration for the normal condition(sterilized air)).Results show that the hypoxic environment inhibited the growth of P.tricornutum.In the hypoxic conditions,P.tricornutum could reset its metabolism pathways,including enhancement in lipid utilization,replenishment of tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle through the glyoxylic acid cycle,and down-regulation of photorespiration to reduce energy waste.Additionally,the stress resistance mechanism was activated to facilitate the adaptation to low oxygen conditions.This study helps to reveal the different metabolic changes to hypoxia of diatom from that of higher plants,which might be ascribed to their different habitats and needs further exploration in the future.

Research progresses and prospects of medicated oil dual-purpose crop safflower based on patent mining

Safflower is widely cultivated and used as a dual-purpose medicinal oil worldwide.This research used the incoPat patent database to search the global safflower patents for nearly 20 years,aiming to reveal the development process and current situation of the safflower industry in China and around the world by analyzing patent application trends,patent technology characteristics,advantageous industries and regions,patent quality,etc.The analysis shows that safflower patent applications are generally increasing,and the period 2010-2016 is characterized by the rapid development of patent applications.The technical features of global patents are mainly concentrated in pharmaceutical preparations,cosmetics,food and health care,various beverages,animal feed,safflower cultivation and harvesting equipment,and safflower seed oil.During the rapid development of patent applications,safflower was further developed in cosmetics,edible oil,and harvesting equipment.In addition,patent applications in rheumatism and bone diseases have increased,with the potential for development.China is the leading region for researching and developing medicinal safflower patents,especially Shandong and Henan provinces.Foreign patents are more focused on the value development of safflower seed oil in food and chemicals.Compared to the major countries and organizations that apply for safflower patents on a global scale,the quality of Chinese safflower patents is medium,and more awareness of patent protection is required.This paper provides suggestions for the subsequent development of the safflower industry,summarizes and analyzes the development trend of safflower patents,and provides new ideas to obtain innovative patent results.

Study on Movement Evolution Law of Soil Water in Condition of Agronomic Water Saving Irrigation

Fresh water supplied are often limited in China's Mainland, reducing agricultural productivity. However the use of straw mulch is the main management technique for agronomic water saving. This paper investigates the movement of soil water under straw mulch compared to a non-mulch test plot. Results demonstrated that straw mulch effected soil water movement primarily during drought periods and throughout shallow soil(i.e. depths of less than 200 cm). The soil moisture and soil water potential at the mulch test plot in drought period are both higher than that of contrast test plot, and along with increasing soil depth, the straw mulch effect weakens. When evaporation is dominated by surface evaporation, straw mulch will effectively restrict the evaporation of soil water; when evaporation dominated by vegetation transpiration, the straw mulch promotes the transpiration of vegetation. In drought periods, straw mulch is not effective for deep soil water infiltration, but is advantageous for soil water utilization of mid-and shallow-soils(0-120 cm), however the infiltration speed rate of straw mulch point during high water period is higher than that of contrast plot. This paper highlights the importance of good management practices of agricultural land in order to limit soil water losses, which is essential when water is such a limited resource.

Cloning,expression and activity analysises of chalcone synthase genes in Carthamus tinctorius

Objective:Flavonoids are the bioactive compounds in safflower(Carthamus tinctorius),in which chalcone synthase(CHS)is the first limiting enzyme.However,it is unclear that which chalcone synthase genes(CHSs)are participated in flavonoids biosynthesis in C.tinctorius.In this study,the CHSs in the molecular characterization and enzyme activities were investigated.Methods:Putative chalcone biosynthase genes were screened by the full-length transcriptome sequences data in C.tinctorius.Chalcone biosynthase genes in C.tinctorius(CtCHSs)were cloned from cDNA of flowers of C.tinctorius.The cloned gene sequences were analyzed by bioinformatics,and their expression patterns were analyzed by real-time PCR(RT-PCR).The protein of CtCHS in the development of flowers was detected by polyclonal antibody Western blot.A recombinant vector of CtCHS was constructed.The CtCHS recombinant protein was induced and purified to detect the enzyme reaction(catalyzing the reaction of p-coumaryl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to produce naringin chalcone).The reaction product was detected by HPLC and LC-MS.Results:Two full-length CtCHS genes were successfully cloned from the flowers of safflower(CtCHS1 and CtCHS3),with gene lengths of 1525 bp and 1358 bp,respectively.RT-PCR analysis showed that both genes were highly expressed in the flowers,but the expression of CtCHS1 was higher than that of CtCHS3 at each developmental stage of the flowers.WB analysis showed that only CtCHS1 protein could be detected at each developmental stage of the flowers.HPLC and LC-MS analyses showed that CtCHS1 could catalyze the conversion of p-coumaryl-CoA and malonyl-CoA substrates to naringin chalcone.Conclusion:CtCHS1 is involved in the biosynthesis of naringin chalcone in safflower.

simple and effective aerosol pathogen disinfection test for a flowing air disinfector

Aerosol transmission is an important disease transmission route and has been especially pertinent to hospital and biosafety laboratories during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.The thermal resistance of airborne SARS-CoV-2 is lower than that of Bacillus subtilis spores,which are often used to test the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogen disinfection methods.Herein,we propose a new method to test the disinfection ability of a flowing air disinfector(a digital electromagnetic induction air heater)using B.subtilis spores.The study provides an alternative air disinfection test method.The new test system combined an aerosol generator and a respiratory filter designed in-house and could effectively recover spores on the filter membrane at the air outlet after passing through the flowing air disinfector.The total number of bacterial spores used in the test was within the range of 5×10^(5)–5×10^(6)colony-forming units(CFUs)specified in the technical standard for disinfection.The calculation was based on the calculation method in Air Disinfection Effect Appraisal Test in Technical Standard for Disinfection(2002 Edition).At an air speed of 3.5 m/s,we used a digital electromagnetic induction air heater to disinfect flowing air containing 4.100×10^(6)CFUs of B.subtilis spores and determined that the minimum disinfection temperature was 350℃for a killing rate of 99.99%.At 400℃,additional experiments using higher spore concentrations(4.700×10^(6)±1.871×10^(5)CFU)and a higher airspeed(4 m/s)showed that the killing rate remained>99.99%.B.subtilis spores,as a biological indicator for testing the efficiency of dry-heat sterilization,were killed by the high temperatures used in this system.The proposed method used to test the flowing air disinfector is simple,stable,and effective.This study provides a reference for the development of test systems that can assess the disinfection ability of flowing air disinfectors.

可移动^(125)I粒子条联合经皮肝胆管内外引流术治疗肝门部胆管癌的临床价值

目的探讨可移动^(125)I粒子条联合经皮肝胆管内外引流术(percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage,PTCD)治疗肝门部胆管癌(hilar cholangiocarcinoma,HCCA)的短期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析江南大学附属医院2020年7月—2021年9月收治的HCCA患者40例为研究对象,根据其不同的手术方式分为观察组(19例)与对照组(21例)。观察组采用可移动放射性^(125)I粒子条联合PTCD的治疗方法,对照组采用直型^(125)I粒子条联合胆道支架治疗。对比分析2组患者术前及术后的肝功能改善情况、引流通畅时间、手术时间、手术费用、术后并发症发生率、短期生存期等。结果2组患者在治疗后,肝功能异常指标均较治疗前明显降低,肝功能缓解程度无明显差异(P>0.05)。观察组患者的引流通畅时间167.0 d优于对照组的152.0 d;两组胆道感染发生率分别为15.79%及61.90%,存在统计学意义(P=0.01)。两组患者的手术时间及费用比较:观察组较对照组中位手术时间缩短大约20 min,中位手术费用少大约3000元;观察组术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P值均<0.05)。两组患者术后随访6~20个月,中位随访时间为13个月,观察组患者粒子条更换次数共18人次,短期生存率高于对照组(78.95%vs 52.38%)。结论可移动^(125)I放射性粒子条植入联合PTCD治疗HCCA患者总体安全有效,手术时间缩短,胆道感染发生率更低,短期生存率更高。

Coordinated Scheduling of Energy Resources for Distributed DHCs in an Integrated Energy Grid

As more and more distributed renewable energy resources connected to electric power grids,the conventional power system evolves into an integrated energy grid(IEG)in order to satisfy various types of energy demands.This paper proposes a model of the coordinated scheduling of energy resources(CSoERs)for distributed district heating and cooling systems(DHCs)in an IEG.The model takes into consideration both the dispatchable grid-connected generators and distributed renewable energy resources,such as wind energy,solar energy and natural gas.The objective is to minimize the operation costs in the IEG in order to satisfy not only the electrical loads but also the heating loads and cooling loads.Furthermore,an energy storage system for heating loads and cooling loads is also developed in the DHCs to improve the operation reliability in the distributed DHCs.Detailed simulation studies are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the CSoERs under two different operation scenarios:grid-connected scenario and stand-alone scenario.Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the CSoERs contributes to significant energy saving and reliability operation in both grid-connected scenario and standalone scenario in the IEG.

Stochastic optimization of cost-risk for integrated energy system considering wind and solar power correlated

Due to the growing penetration of renewable energies(REs)in integrated energy system(IES),it is imperative to assess and reduce the negative impacts caused by the uncertain REs.In this paper,an unscented transformation-based mean-standard(UT-MS)deviation model is proposed for the stochastic optimization of cost-risk for IES operation considering wind and solar power correlated.The unscented transformation(UT)sampling method is adopted to characterize the uncertainties of wind and solar power considering the correlated relationship between them.Based on the UT,a mean-standard(MS)deviation model is formulated to depict the trade-off between the cost and risk of stochastic optimization for the IES optimal operation problem.Then the UT-MS model is tackled by a multi-objective group search optimizer with adaptive covariance and Levy flights embedded with a multiple constraints handling technique(MGSO-ACL-CHT)to ensure the feasibility of Peratooptimal solutions.Furthermore,a decision-making method,improved entropy weight(IEW),is developed to select a final operation point from the set of Perato-optimal solutions.In order to verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed UT-MS model in dealing with the uncertainties of correlative wind and solar power,simulation studies are conducted on a test IES.Simulation results show that the UT-MS model is capable of handling the uncertainties of correlative wind and solar power within much less samples and less computational burden.Moreover,the MGSOACL-CHT and IEW are also demonstrated to be effective in solving the multi-objective UT-MS model of the IES optimal operation problem.

Micro-droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction and Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Technologies Provide Highly Sensitive and Accurate Detection of Zika Virus

The establishment of highly sensitive diagnostic methods is critical in the early diagnosis and control of Zika virus(ZIKV)and in preventing serious neurological complications of ZIKV infection. In this study, we established micro-droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(ddPCR) and real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) protocols for the detection of ZIKV based on the amplification of the NS5 gene. For the ZIKV standard plasmid, the RT-qPCR results showed that the cycle threshold(Ct) value was linear from 10~1 to 10~8 copy/l L, with a standard curve R^2 of 0.999 and amplification efficiency of 92.203%;however, a concentration as low as 1 copy/l L could not be detected. In comparison with RT-qPCR, the dd PCR method resulted in a linear range of 10~1–10~4 copy/l L and was able to detect concentrations as low as 1 copy/l L. Thus, for detecting ZIKV from clinical samples, RT-qPCR is a better choice for high-concentration samples(above 10~1 copy/l L),while ddPCR has excellent accuracy and sensitivity for low-concentration samples. These results indicate that the ddPCR method should be of considerable use in the early diagnosis, laboratory study, and monitoring of ZIKV.

Quantifying the Preferential Flow by Dye Tracer in the North China Plain

The preferential flow plays a vital role on the infiltration of irrigation or rainfall. The objective of this study was to quantify preferential flow in the processing of irrigation infiltration in the field scale. Tests of different initial soil water contents and irrigation intensities were conducted using Brilliant Blue FCF(C.I.42090) dye tracer in Luancheng County of the North China Plain. The results showed that the percentages of infiltration by the preferential flow for irrigation depth of 25, 50, and 75 mm were 16.67%, 43.67%, and 34.17%, with 19.72%, 61.42%, 66.64% of dyed areas in the soil profile, respectively, which indicated that preferential flow was enhanced with increasing irrigation intensity, but reduced when the irrigation intensity was over 50 mm. The percentages of preferential flow for 75 and 180 mm previous irrigation producing different initial soil water contents were 23.26% and 18.97%, with 53.23% and 39.94% of dyed areas in the soil profile, respectively. Compared with the 75 mm without previous irrigation, the results indicated that higher initial soil water contents restrained the preferential flow in the field. Therefore, intermittent irrigation and low irrigation intensity patterns, and larger depth of plowing would be suggested to reduce the preferential flow which would increase the soil water utilization efficiency and reduce pollution risk of pesticide and fertilizer to groundwater.

非典型Stickler综合征I型三个家系的遗传分析及产前诊断

目的:分析非典型Stickler综合征I型患者的临床表现和遗传学病因,为患者基因诊断、遗传咨询、产前诊断提供理论依据。方法:实验研究。收集3个典型Stickler综合征I型家系患者的临床表型资料,采集患者及家系其他成员的外周血提取基因组DNA。应用全外显子组测序筛查可疑基因变异,对候选变异进行Sanger测序验证并检测家系全部受检者变异携带情况。通过人类基因变异数据库和PubMed数据库检索候选变异的致病性报道情况,依据美国医学遗传学和基因组学学院与分子病理学协会(ACMG)指南判断致病性及等级。依据先证者相关变异结果对孕妇行产前诊断。结果:纳入研究的3个家系均检测到Stickler综合征I型致病基因变异。家系1患者携带COL2A1基因c.1693C>T(p.R565C)杂合变异,家系2患者携带COL2A1基因c.2862C>T(p.G954=)杂合变异,家系3患者携带COL2A1基因c.2355+1G>A(splicing)杂合变异。这3个基因变异经保守性分析、功能预测并依据ACMG指南逐一打分判断为致病性变异。结论:全外显子组测序等分子遗传检测技术对非典型Stickler综合征I型的病因学诊断具有重要意义,本研究中3个家系患者均找到遗传学病因,在基因水平确诊非典型Stickler综合征I型。

Short-term local prediction of wind speed and wind power based on singular spectrum analysis and locality-sensitive hashing

With the growing penetration of wind power in power systems, more accurate prediction of wind speed and wind power is required for real-time scheduling and operation. In this paper, a novel forecast model for shortterm prediction of wind speed and wind power is proposed,which is based on singular spectrum analysis(SSA) and locality-sensitive hashing(LSH). To deal with the impact of high volatility of the original time series, SSA is applied to decompose it into two components: the mean trend,which represents the mean tendency of the original time series, and the fluctuation component, which reveals the stochastic characteristics. Both components are reconstructed in a phase space to obtain mean trend segments and fluctuation component segments. After that, LSH is utilized to select similar segments of the mean trend segments, which are then employed in local forecasting, so that the accuracy and efficiency of prediction can be enhanced. Finally, support vector regression is adopted forprediction, where the training input is the synthesis of the similar mean trend segments and the corresponding fluctuation component segments. Simulation studies are conducted on wind speed and wind power time series from four databases, and the final results demonstrate that the proposed model is more accurate and stable in comparison with other models.

Optimal reactive power dispatch with wind power integrated using group search optimizer with intraspecific competition and le´vy walk

This paper presents the mean–variance(MV)model to solve power system reactive power dispatch problems with wind power integrated.The MV model considers the profit and risk simultaneously under the uncertain wind power(speed)environment.To describe this uncertain environment,the Latin hypercube sampling with Cholesky decomposition simulation method is used to sample uncertain wind speeds.An improved optimization algorithm,group search optimizer with intraspecific competition and le´vy walk,is then used to optimize the MV model by introducing the risk tolerance parameter.The simulation is conducted based on the IEEE 30-bus power system,and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed model and the optimization algorithm.