Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in shellfi sh from Jiaozhou Bay,China

As an emerging pollutant,the presence of microplastics in marine organisms has been concerned increasingly.Shellfi sh,which are both economically and ecologically important,are of particular concern.In this study,we investigated the microplastic pollution in wild and farmed oysters(Crassostrea gigas)and clams(Ruditapes philippinarum)in the Jiaozhou Bay,China,for the fi rst time.We found the microplastic pollution in shellfi sh in Jiaozhou Bay was at a moderate level.The abundance of microplastics in shellfi sh ranged from 0.16 to 12.09 items/g(wet weight,ww)or 1 to 9 items/ind.The average abundance of the ingested microplastics was 1.21 items/g(or 2.17 items/ind.)in all shellfi sh,1.51 items/g(or 2.00 items/ind.)in clams and 0.92 items/g(or 2.34 items/ind.)in oysters.The abundance of microplastics in clams was signifi cantly higher than that in oysters.Most microplastics(92.97%)were fi bers,followed by fragments.The predominant color of the microplastics was black(42.97%),followed by blue,transparent,and red.Cellophane and polyethylene terephthalate(PET)dominated the microplastic composition.According to shellfi sh consumption,it can be inferred that the average microplastic consumption through Chinese diet is 1.27×10^(3)items per capita per year.

Effect of Reduction Temperature on Hydrofining Performance of Supported Molybdenum Phosphide Catalyst

A series of supported molybdenum phosphide catalysts were prepared by impregnation method. XRD, TG-DTG, XPS and BET were used to study the phase, compositions and surface areas of the prepared catalysts. A model reactant containing thiophene, pyridine and cyclohexene was used for the measurements of catalytic activities. The effect of reduction temperature on catalytic activities was investigated. The analysis results by XRD and BET are very different when the reduction temperature is changed from 400 to 900 ℃. MoP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts and CoMoP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts prepared at the reduction temperature of 500 ℃ are the most active ones.

Interleukin-27 decreases ghrelin production through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3—mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling

Interleukin-27(IL-27),a heterodimeric cytokine,plays a protective role in diabetes.Ghrelin,a gastric hormone,provides a hunger signal to the central nervous system to stimulate food intake.The relationship between IL-27 and ghrelin is still unexplored.Here we investigated that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)—mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling mediates the suppression of ghrelin induced by IL-27.Co-localization of interleukin 27 receptor subunit alpha(WSX-1)and ghrelin was observed in mouse and human gastric mucosa.Intracerebroventricular injection of IL-27 markedly suppressed ghrelin synthesis and secretion while stimulating STAT3-mTOR signaling in both C57 BL/6 J mice and high-fat diet-induced-obese mice.IL-27 inhibited the production of ghrelin in mHypoE-N42 cells.Inhibition of mTOR activity induced by mTOR siRNA or rapamycin blocked the suppression of ghrelin production induced by IL-27 in mHypoE-N42 cells.Stat 3 siRNA also abolished the inhibitory effect of IL-27 on ghrelin.IL-27 increased the interaction between STAT3 and mTOR in mHypoE-N42 cells.In conclusion,IL-27 suppresses ghrelin production through the STAT3-mTOR dependent mechanism.

Laser additive manufacturing of ductile Fe-based bulk metallic glass composite

Laser additive manufacturing(LAM)is a promising technology for processing bulk metallic glass(BMG)with freeform geometries or unlimited size.However,the inherently brittle Fe-based BMGs produced by LAM have always been plagued by the micro-cracking induced by the large thermal stresses during the LAM process.To solve this dilemma,316L stainless steel(SS)with excellent toughness and similar elemental composition was carefully selected as the second phase to form Fe-based BMG composites(BMGCs).The obtained Fe-based BMGCs are equipped with a heterogeneous structure,i.e.,the 316L SS phase is wrapped by the metallic glass and forms a unique"fishbone"structure with a micron-scale.Excitedly,the special structure nicely improves a plastic strain of the Fe-based BMGC with a strength of 2355 MPa to~17%,achieving a record-breaking achievement among Fe-based amorphous with critical dimensions over 1mm.