Peptide Functionalized Nanoplasmonic Sensor for Explosive Detection

In this study, a nanobiosensor for detecting explosives was developed, in which the peptide was synthesized with trinitrotoluene(TNT)-specific sequence and immobilized on nanodevice by Au–S covalent linkage, and the nanocup arrays were fabricated by nanoimprint and deposited with Au nanoparticles to generate localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR). The device was used to monitor slight change from specific binding of 2,4,6-TNT to the peptide. With high refractive index sensing of ~10~4nm/RIU, the nanocup device can detect the binding of TNT at concentration as low as3.12×10^(-7)mg mL^(-1) by optical transmission spectrum modulated by LSPR. The nanosensor is also able to distinguish TNT from analogs of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 3-nitrotoluene in the mixture with great selectivity. The peptide-based nanosensor provides novel approaches to design versatile biosensor assays by LSPR for chemical molecules.

Hippocampal expression of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 following diffuse axonal injury under mild hypothermia

The influence of mild hypothermia on neural cell apoptosis remains poorly understood. Therefore, the present study established rat models of diffuse axonal injury （DAI） at 33℃. Morris water maze results demonstrated significantly better learning and memory functions in DAI rats with hypothermia compared with DAI rats with normothermia. Expression of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 in the hippocampal CA1 region was significantly lower in the DAI hypothermia group compared with the DAI normothermia group. Expression of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 positively correlated with latency, but negatively correlated with platform location times and time of swimming in the quadrant area. Results suggested that post-traumatic mild hypothermia in a rat model of DAI could provide cerebral protection by attenuating expression of apoptotic protease activating factor-1.

Neurochip Based on Light-addressable Potentiometric Sensor

<正>A novel neurochip based on light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is designed.Using its light addressable characteristic.The problems of the limitations of restricted discrete active sites of current neurochips,such as microelectrode array and field effect transistor array can be settled easily.Based on the theoretical analysis of the interface between cells and LAPS,spontaneously discharges of hippocampal neurons induced by Mg~ 2+)-free media treatment were recorded by LAPS.The results demonstrate that this kind of neurochip has potential to monitor electrophysiology of cultured cells in a non-invasive way.

DESIGN OF MICROPHYSIOMETER BASED ON MULTIPARAMETER CELL-BASED BIOSENSORS FOR QUICK DRUG ANALYSIS

Cellular metabolism arouses the changes of substance in extracellular physiological microenvironment,and the metabolic level reflects the physiological state of cells.This paper developed a novel microphysiometer automatic analysis instrument based on multiparameter cell-based biosensors for quick drug analysis.This study included the multiparameter cell-based biosensors,cell culture chamber,drug auto-injection detection and analysis.The analysis instrument was capable of real-time detection for the acidic product and other chemical parameters generated by the cellular metabolism in the micro-volume.Finally,the paper employs human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and drug experiments to verify the performance of microphysiometer,and study effects of different drugs on cell metabolism.Further,the research explores drug analysis method of the multiparameter microphysiometer.The results showed that the cell-based microphysiometer system provides a utility platform for rapid,long-term and automatic cell physiological environment detection and drug analysis.

ODOR DISCRIMINATION BY MITRAL CELLS IN RAT OLFACTORY BULB USING MICROWIRE ARRAY RECORDING

Response features of mitral cells in the olfactory bulb were examined using principal component analysis to determine whether they contain information about odorant stimuli.Using microwire electrode array to record from the olfactory bulb in freely breathing anesthetized rats,we recorded responses of different mitral cells to saturated vapor of anisole(1 M),carvone(1 M),isobutanol(1 M),citral(1 M)and isoamyl actate(1 M).The responses of single mitral cells to the same odorant varied over time.The response profiles showed similarity during certain amount of period,which indicated that the response was not only depended on odor itself but also associated with context.Furthermore,the responses of single mitral cell to different odorants were observed with difference in firing rate.In order to recognize different odorant stimuli,we apply four cells as a sensing group for classification using principal component analysis.Features of each cell’s response describing both temporal and frequency characteristics were selected.The results showed that five different single molecular odorants can be distinguished from each other.These data suggest that action potentials of mitral cells may play a role in odor coding.

A Novel Structure of LAPS Array for Cell-Based Biosensor

The light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a semiconductor-based cellular biosensor with an electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) structure.By depositing biocompatible layers on the sensing surface for cell culture, it can be used to detect bioelectrical parameters of cells.The characteristic curve for photocurrent versus applied bias voltage to the system shows a current-voltage curve (Ⅰ-Ⅴcurve).This technique can be used to detect the action potential changes towards different drugs based on the bias voltage dependence of an optical current,and provides a dynamic system by scanning light beam at the very cell on the sensor device.The LAPS overcomes the limitation of recording sites,but high spatial resolution and sensitivity are also paramount.This paper discussed a novel structure of LAPS array for extracellular monitoring to decrease potential noise level.Both characteristics of active recording array areas and cell culture conditions are measured.

Comparison of Clinical Value between Right Distal Radial Artery Access and Right Radial Artery Access in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objective:To compare the feasibility and safety between right distal radial artery access and right radial artery access in patients undergoing coronary angiography(CAG)or percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:On the basis of arterial access,113 patients who underwent CAG or PCI in Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January and October 2018 were divided into two groups:a right distal radial artery group(52 patients)and a right radial artery group(61 patients).We collected general information,the number of puncture attempts,access times,postoperative compression time,and complications.Results:The general characteristics,rate of successful radial artery puncture,and rate of successful catheter placement in the two groups were not different.The right radial artery group had fewer puncture attempts(1.26±0.44 times vs.2.19±0.53 times,P=0.001)and a shorter access time(3.23±0.86 min vs.4.77±1.49 min,P=0.001)than the right distal radial artery group.However,the postoperative compression time in the right distal radial artery group was shorter(3.44±0.9 h vs.7.16±1.21 h,P=0.001).Two cases of bleeding,four cases of hematoma,and one case of artery occlusion in the right radial artery group and one case of hematoma in the right distal artery group occurred before discharge.The rate of total complications in the right distal radial artery group was lower than in the right radial artery group(1.93%vs.11.48%,P=0.048).Conclusion:CAG or PCI through the right distal radial artery is feasible and safe.

A Case of Premature Ventricular Complexes from the Proximal Left Bundle Branch Successfully Ablated from the Right Coronary Cusp

Background:Premature ventricular complexes(PVCs)from the proximal left bundle branch(LBB)can be ablated in the left ventricular outflow tract but can easily damage normal conduction bundles.Here,we report a case of successful ablation of PVCs from the proximal LBB within the right coronary cusp(RCC).Case presentation:Our patient was a 70-year-old woman with PVCs from the proximal LBB that were successfully ablated via the RCC through radiofrequency catheter ablation with a 3D mapping system;she had a complication of incomplete right bundle branch block(RBBB)and remained asymptomatic during follow-up.Conclusion:The RCC provides an alternative approach for ablating PVCs originating from the proximal LBB,ow-ing to the close relationship between the RCC and proximal LBB.

人类免疫缺陷病毒感染合并膀胱癌14例临床特点

目的探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染合并膀胱癌患者的术前术后实验室指标、病理类型、治疗方法及预后,并为HIV阳性合并膀胱癌防治提供参考。方法收集2013年12月至2021年4月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院和首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院的HIV感染合并膀胱癌患者14例,回顾性分析患者HIV感染途径、是否规律治疗,患者术前HIV载量与CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数,实验室指标,病理分期与分级、治疗方法,3个月复发以及远期随访。本研究数据采用描述性统计分析。结果入组14例患者中男性13例(93%)、女性1例(7%),平均年龄为(48.93±13.83)岁;感染HIV后进行规律抗逆转录病毒治疗的患者9例,其余5例均未进行规律治疗,术前实验室检查:CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞:368(254,580)个/μl,白细胞:6.17(4.94,7.02)×10^(9)/L,红细胞:4.16(3.70,4.68)×10^(12)/L,血小板:(199±60.05)×10^(9)/L,肌酐:70.85(65.50,75.25)μmol/L,白蛋白:41.50(39.60,44.45)g/L。入组患者皆行手术治疗,其中选择膀胱肿瘤电切治疗患者11例,进行膀胱癌根治手术者3例;其中3例患者病理为基层浸润性膀胱癌(MIBC),其余11例为非基层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC);高级别尿路上皮癌5例,低级别尿路上皮癌9例。术后3个月复查,复发者3例,未复发者7例,未复查者4例。远期随访时间为[42(20.5,65)]个月,其中死亡患者2例,失访患者2例,其余10例患者皆存活,但1例已出现肝转移。结论HIV阳性膀胱癌患者发病年龄较HIV阴性膀胱癌患者小,但病理级别与病理分期无统计学差异。

Memory T cells: strategies for optimizing tumor immunotherapy

Several studies have demonstrated that memory T cells including stem cell memory (Tscm) T cells and central memory (Tcm) T cells show superior persistence and antitumor immunity compared with effector memory T (Tem) cells and effector T (Teff) cells.Furthermore,the Tcm/Teff ratio has been reported to be a predictive biomarker of immune responses against some tumors.Thus,a system-level understanding of the mechanisms underlying the differentiation of effector and memory T cells is of increasing importance for developing immunological strategies against various tumors.This review focuses on recent advances in efficacy against tumors,the origin,formation mechanisms of memory T cells,and the role of the gut microbiota in memory T cell formation.Furthermore,we summarize strategies to generate memory T cells in (ex) vivo that,might be applicable in clinical practice.

Microelectrode Recording of Tissue Neural Oscillations for a Bionic Olfactory Biosensor

In olfactory research, neural oscillations exhibit excellent temporal regularity, which are functional and necessary at thephysiological and cognitive levels. In this paper, we employed a bionic tissue biosensor which treats intact epithelium as sensing element to record the olfactory oscillations extracellularly. After being stimulated by odorant of butanedione, the olfactory receptor neurons generated different kinds of oscillations, which can be described as pulse firing oscillation, transient firing oscillation, superposed firing oscillation, and sustained firing oscillation, according to their temporal appearances respectively. With a time-frequency analysis of sonogram, the oscillations also demonstrated different frequency properties, such as δ, θ, α, β and γ oscillations. The results suggest that the bionic biosensor cooperated with sonogram analysis can well improve the in- vestigation of olfactory oscillations, and provide a novel model for artificial olfaetion sensor design.

Manipulation of MHC-I/TCR Interaction for Immune Therapy

Adoptive immunotherapy involving the transfer of autologous tumor or virus-reactive T lymphocytes has been demonstrated to be effective in the eradication of cancer and virally infected cells. Identification of MHC-restricted antigens and progress in generation of adaptive immune responses have provided new direction for such treatment for severe pathologies such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Here we review the latest development about the molecular basis of MHC-I/TCR interaction, and it＇s manipulation including enhanced MHC-I expression, modification of peptide and engineered TCR for clinical applications such as vaccine design, tumor therapy and autoimmune diseases.

Wearable battery-free theranostic dental patch for wireless intraoral sensing and drug delivery

Dental caries caused by oral microbiome dysbiosis with the elevation of acidogenic bacteria is the most prevalent noncommunicable disease worldwide.Early prevention and timely fluoride treatment are crucial for caries lesion management.Herein,to address the challenges of in situ sensing and topical drug delivery within the oral cavity,a miniaturized,battery-free,and wearable dental patch system was developed for microenvironment monitoring and controlled fluoride treatment.With the integration of near-field communication,the dental patch realizes wireless energy harvesting and data transmission with mobile terminals like smartphones when attached conformally to the tooth surface.The acidic microenvironment caused by bacterial metabolism are electrochemically detected,while fluorides can be delivered locally from the electric-responsive drug delivery electrode for on-demand treatment.As flexible electronics armed to the teeth,this intraoral theranostic wearable system provides an inspiring platform for point-of-care monitoring and treatment of dental caries and oral diseases.

A photovoltage-based integrated sensor for extracellular redox potential measurement and acidification detection

In this study,photovoltage technique is applied in the development of a monolithically integrated sensor for redox(reduction–oxidation)potential and pH measurement.The sensor employs the electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor structure,with deposition of a layer of gold metal on partial surface of insulator silicon dioxide.Silicon dioxide and gold layer on a single chip form two distinct sensing sites,by sharing the same measuring system,the detection of redox potential and pH variation can be realized.In this work,the sensor characteristics is tested,and the sensitivity for redox potential and pH measurement is53.8 mV/log([Fe(II)]/[Fe(III)])and 44.3 mV/pH respectively.To demonstrate the validity of the sensor in extracellular detection,neonatal rat kidney cells are cultured on the sensor surface and then packaged in a flow chamber,thus the acidification rate of metabolites and the redox potential variation in extracellular microenvironment can be continuously monitored.Experimental results indicate increasing acidification and reducing potentials under physiological conditions.The synthesis parameters have potentials in detail revelation of cell metabolism.

Bioelectronic modulation of single-wavelength localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) for the detection of electroactive biomolecules

The simplification of localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR) detection can further promote the development of optical biosensing application in point-of-care testing. In this study, we proposed a simple light emitting diode(LED) based single-wavelength LSPR sensor modulated with bio-electron transfers for the detection of electroactive biomolecules. Indium tin oxide electrode loaded with nanocomposites of polyaniline coated gold nanorod was used as LSPR chip, and the applied electric potential was scanned at the LSPR chip for single-wavelength LSPR biosensing. Under the scanning of applied potentials, biological electron transfer of redox reaction was employed to demonstrate the bioelectronic modulation of single-wavelength LSPR for selective electroactive biomolecule detection. Without any additional recognition material, electroactive biomolecules uric acid and dopamine were detected directly with a sensitivity of 5.05 μmol/L and 7.11 μmol/L at their specific oxidation potentials, respectively. With the simplified optical configuration and selective bioelectronic modulation, the single-wavelength LSPR sensor is promising for the development of simple, low-cost, and high specificity optical biosensor for point-of-care testing of electroactive biomolecules.