Kidney disease has become a global public health problem affecting over 750 million people worldwide and imposing a heavy economic burden on patients.The complex architecture of the human kidney makes it very difficul...Kidney disease has become a global public health problem affecting over 750 million people worldwide and imposing a heavy economic burden on patients.The complex architecture of the human kidney makes it very difficult to study the pathophysiology of renal diseases in vitro and to develop effective therapeutic options for patients.Even though cell lines and animal models have enriched our understanding,they fail to recapitulate key aspects of human kidney development and renal disease at cellular and functional levels.Organoids can be derived from either pluripotent stem cells or adult stem cells by strictly regulating key signalling pathways.Today,these self-differentiated organoids represent a promising technology to further understand the human kidney,one of the most complex organs,in an unprecedented way.The newly established protocols improved by organ-on-chip and coculture with immune cells will push kidney organoids towards the next generation.Herein,we focus on recent achievements in the application of kidney organoids in disease modelling,nephrotoxic testing,precision medicine,biobanking,and regenerative therapy,followed by discussions of novel strategies to improve their utility for biomedical research.The applications we discuss may help to provide new ideas in clinical fields.展开更多
基金This study was supported by grants from Undergraduate Inno-vation and Entrepreneurship Project(No.202321007)Hunan Innovative Provincial Construction Project(No.20195K2211)+7 种基金Changsha Science,Technology Plan Project(No.kq2001044)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81970248)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0108700,2017YFA0105602)NSFC Pro-jects of Intemational Cooperation and Exchanges(No.81720108004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81974019)The Research Team Project of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(No.2017A030312007)The Key Program of Guangzhou Science Research Plan(No.201904020047)The Special Project of Dengfeng Program of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital(No.DFJH201812,KJ012019119,KJ012019423).
文摘Kidney disease has become a global public health problem affecting over 750 million people worldwide and imposing a heavy economic burden on patients.The complex architecture of the human kidney makes it very difficult to study the pathophysiology of renal diseases in vitro and to develop effective therapeutic options for patients.Even though cell lines and animal models have enriched our understanding,they fail to recapitulate key aspects of human kidney development and renal disease at cellular and functional levels.Organoids can be derived from either pluripotent stem cells or adult stem cells by strictly regulating key signalling pathways.Today,these self-differentiated organoids represent a promising technology to further understand the human kidney,one of the most complex organs,in an unprecedented way.The newly established protocols improved by organ-on-chip and coculture with immune cells will push kidney organoids towards the next generation.Herein,we focus on recent achievements in the application of kidney organoids in disease modelling,nephrotoxic testing,precision medicine,biobanking,and regenerative therapy,followed by discussions of novel strategies to improve their utility for biomedical research.The applications we discuss may help to provide new ideas in clinical fields.