Developmental diapause is a widespread strategy for animals to survive seasonal starvation and environmental harshness.Diapaused animals often ration body fat to generate a basal level of energy for enduring survival....Developmental diapause is a widespread strategy for animals to survive seasonal starvation and environmental harshness.Diapaused animals often ration body fat to generate a basal level of energy for enduring survival.How diapause and fat rationing are coupled,however,is poorly understood.The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans excretes pheromones to the environment to induce a diapause form called dauer larva.Through saturated forward genetic screens and CRISPR knockout,we found that dauer pheromones feed back to repress the transcription of ACOX-3,MAOC-1,DHS-28,DAF-22(peroxisomalβ-oxidation enzymes dually involved in pheromone synthesis and fat burning),ALH-4(aldehyde dehydrogenase for pheromone synthesis),PRX-10 and PRX-11(peroxisome assembly and proliferation factors).Dysfunction of these pheromone enzymes and factors relieves the repression.Surprisingly,transcription is repressed not by pheromones excreted but by pheromones endogenous to each animal.The endogenous pheromones regulate the nuclear translocation of HNF4αfamily nuclear receptor NHR-79 and its co-receptor NHR-49,and,repress transcription through the two receptors.The feedback repression maintains pheromone homeostasis,increases fat storage,decreases fat burning,and prolongs dauer lifespan.Thus,the exocrine dauer pheromones possess an unexpected endocrine function to mediate a peroxisome-nucleus crosstalk,coupling dauer diapause to fat rationing.展开更多
Summary What is already known on this topic?Streptococcus suis(S.suis)is a zoonotic pathogen causing disease in humans and animals,and the emergence of its increased resistance to antimicrobial agents has become a sig...Summary What is already known on this topic?Streptococcus suis(S.suis)is a zoonotic pathogen causing disease in humans and animals,and the emergence of its increased resistance to antimicrobial agents has become a significant challenge in many countries.展开更多
Summary What is already known on this topic?Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V.parahaemolyticus)is frequently resistant to common antimicrobials such as ampicillin and generally highly susceptible to most clinically used antim...Summary What is already known on this topic?Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V.parahaemolyticus)is frequently resistant to common antimicrobials such as ampicillin and generally highly susceptible to most clinically used antimicrobials.What is added by this report?V.parahaemolyticus were highly resistant to cefazolin and ampicillin:94.4% and 37.0%,respectively.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91857106 and 31770865)by the CGC,which is funded by NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs(P40 OD010440)of USAby the Mitani Lab through the National Bio-Resource Project of the MEXT of Japan。
文摘Developmental diapause is a widespread strategy for animals to survive seasonal starvation and environmental harshness.Diapaused animals often ration body fat to generate a basal level of energy for enduring survival.How diapause and fat rationing are coupled,however,is poorly understood.The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans excretes pheromones to the environment to induce a diapause form called dauer larva.Through saturated forward genetic screens and CRISPR knockout,we found that dauer pheromones feed back to repress the transcription of ACOX-3,MAOC-1,DHS-28,DAF-22(peroxisomalβ-oxidation enzymes dually involved in pheromone synthesis and fat burning),ALH-4(aldehyde dehydrogenase for pheromone synthesis),PRX-10 and PRX-11(peroxisome assembly and proliferation factors).Dysfunction of these pheromone enzymes and factors relieves the repression.Surprisingly,transcription is repressed not by pheromones excreted but by pheromones endogenous to each animal.The endogenous pheromones regulate the nuclear translocation of HNF4αfamily nuclear receptor NHR-79 and its co-receptor NHR-49,and,repress transcription through the two receptors.The feedback repression maintains pheromone homeostasis,increases fat storage,decreases fat burning,and prolongs dauer lifespan.Thus,the exocrine dauer pheromones possess an unexpected endocrine function to mediate a peroxisome-nucleus crosstalk,coupling dauer diapause to fat rationing.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC 1601501 and 2016YFD0501305)Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2019JZZY010719).
文摘Summary What is already known on this topic?Streptococcus suis(S.suis)is a zoonotic pathogen causing disease in humans and animals,and the emergence of its increased resistance to antimicrobial agents has become a significant challenge in many countries.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant agreement 2018ZX10733402).
文摘Summary What is already known on this topic?Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V.parahaemolyticus)is frequently resistant to common antimicrobials such as ampicillin and generally highly susceptible to most clinically used antimicrobials.What is added by this report?V.parahaemolyticus were highly resistant to cefazolin and ampicillin:94.4% and 37.0%,respectively.